Vegetable omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids differentially modulate the antiviral and antibacterial immune responses of Atlantic salmon

The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternati...

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Published inScientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 10947 - 18
Main Authors Caballero-Solares, Albert, Eslamloo, Khalil, Hall, Jennifer R., Katan, Tomer, Emam, Mohamed, Xue, Xi, Taylor, Richard G., Balder, Rachel, Parrish, Christopher C., Rise, Matthew L.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 13.05.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
631/250
631/337
Aeromonas salmonicida - immunology
Animal Feed
Animals
Antigens
Antiviral drugs
Aquaculture
Aquaculture - methods
Aquaculture feeds
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology
Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - pharmacology
Fish
Fish Diseases - immunology
Fish Diseases - prevention & control
Fish Diseases - virology
Fish oils
Fish Oils - pharmacology
Head Kidney - immunology
Humanities and Social Sciences
Immune response
Immunity
Immunomodulation
Inflammation
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
multidisciplinary
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Salmo salar - immunology
Salmon
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Signal transduction
Soybean Oil - pharmacology
Sustainable aquaculture
Sustainable development
Sustainable fisheries
Vegetable oils
Vegetables
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI10.1038/s41598-024-61144-w

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Abstract The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida ) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens. The head kidneys of salmon fed high dietary omega-3 levels exhibited a more anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile and a restrained induction of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-related genes during the immune challenges. The high-omega-3 diet also promoted a higher expression of genes associated with the interferon-mediated signaling pathway, potentially enhancing antiviral immunity. This research highlights the capacity of vegetable oils with different omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratios to modulate specific components of fish immune responses, offering insights for future research on the intricate lipid nutrition-immunity interplay and the development of novel sustainable low-fish oil clinical aquaculture feeds.
AbstractList The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens. The head kidneys of salmon fed high dietary omega-3 levels exhibited a more anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile and a restrained induction of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-related genes during the immune challenges. The high-omega-3 diet also promoted a higher expression of genes associated with the interferon-mediated signaling pathway, potentially enhancing antiviral immunity. This research highlights the capacity of vegetable oils with different omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratios to modulate specific components of fish immune responses, offering insights for future research on the intricate lipid nutrition-immunity interplay and the development of novel sustainable low-fish oil clinical aquaculture feeds.
Abstract The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens. The head kidneys of salmon fed high dietary omega-3 levels exhibited a more anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile and a restrained induction of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-related genes during the immune challenges. The high-omega-3 diet also promoted a higher expression of genes associated with the interferon-mediated signaling pathway, potentially enhancing antiviral immunity. This research highlights the capacity of vegetable oils with different omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratios to modulate specific components of fish immune responses, offering insights for future research on the intricate lipid nutrition-immunity interplay and the development of novel sustainable low-fish oil clinical aquaculture feeds.
The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida ) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens. The head kidneys of salmon fed high dietary omega-3 levels exhibited a more anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile and a restrained induction of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-related genes during the immune challenges. The high-omega-3 diet also promoted a higher expression of genes associated with the interferon-mediated signaling pathway, potentially enhancing antiviral immunity. This research highlights the capacity of vegetable oils with different omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratios to modulate specific components of fish immune responses, offering insights for future research on the intricate lipid nutrition-immunity interplay and the development of novel sustainable low-fish oil clinical aquaculture feeds.
The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens. The head kidneys of salmon fed high dietary omega-3 levels exhibited a more anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile and a restrained induction of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-related genes during the immune challenges. The high-omega-3 diet also promoted a higher expression of genes associated with the interferon-mediated signaling pathway, potentially enhancing antiviral immunity. This research highlights the capacity of vegetable oils with different omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratios to modulate specific components of fish immune responses, offering insights for future research on the intricate lipid nutrition-immunity interplay and the development of novel sustainable low-fish oil clinical aquaculture feeds.
The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens. The head kidneys of salmon fed high dietary omega-3 levels exhibited a more anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile and a restrained induction of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-related genes during the immune challenges. The high-omega-3 diet also promoted a higher expression of genes associated with the interferon-mediated signaling pathway, potentially enhancing antiviral immunity. This research highlights the capacity of vegetable oils with different omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratios to modulate specific components of fish immune responses, offering insights for future research on the intricate lipid nutrition-immunity interplay and the development of novel sustainable low-fish oil clinical aquaculture feeds.The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens. The head kidneys of salmon fed high dietary omega-3 levels exhibited a more anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile and a restrained induction of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-related genes during the immune challenges. The high-omega-3 diet also promoted a higher expression of genes associated with the interferon-mediated signaling pathway, potentially enhancing antiviral immunity. This research highlights the capacity of vegetable oils with different omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratios to modulate specific components of fish immune responses, offering insights for future research on the intricate lipid nutrition-immunity interplay and the development of novel sustainable low-fish oil clinical aquaculture feeds.
ArticleNumber 10947
Author Xue, Xi
Emam, Mohamed
Eslamloo, Khalil
Taylor, Richard G.
Katan, Tomer
Parrish, Christopher C.
Caballero-Solares, Albert
Rise, Matthew L.
Hall, Jennifer R.
Balder, Rachel
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PublicationDate 2024-05-13
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PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-05-13
  day: 13
PublicationDecade 2020
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PublicationTitle Scientific reports
PublicationTitleAbbrev Sci Rep
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Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
– name: Nature Portfolio
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Snippet The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is...
Abstract The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil...
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SubjectTerms 631/250
631/337
Aeromonas salmonicida - immunology
Animal Feed
Animals
Antigens
Antiviral drugs
Aquaculture
Aquaculture - methods
Aquaculture feeds
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology
Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - pharmacology
Fish
Fish Diseases - immunology
Fish Diseases - prevention & control
Fish Diseases - virology
Fish oils
Fish Oils - pharmacology
Head Kidney - immunology
Humanities and Social Sciences
Immune response
Immunity
Immunomodulation
Inflammation
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
multidisciplinary
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Salmo salar - immunology
Salmon
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Signal transduction
Soybean Oil - pharmacology
Sustainable aquaculture
Sustainable development
Sustainable fisheries
Vegetable oils
Vegetables
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Title Vegetable omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids differentially modulate the antiviral and antibacterial immune responses of Atlantic salmon
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-024-61144-w
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38740811
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11091188
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Volume 14
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