Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Endothelial Dysfunction in Arterial Hypertension

The endothelium is composed of a monolayer of endothelial cells, lining the interior surface of blood and lymphatic vessels. Endothelial cells display important homeostatic functions, since they are able to respond to humoral and hemodynamic stimuli. Thus, endothelial dysfunction has been proposed a...

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Published inJournal of cardiovascular development and disease Vol. 9; no. 5; p. 136
Main Authors Ambrosino, Pasquale, Bachetti, Tiziana, D’Anna, Silvestro Ennio, Galloway, Brurya, Bianco, Andrea, D’Agnano, Vito, Papa, Antimo, Motta, Andrea, Perrotta, Fabio, Maniscalco, Mauro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 27.04.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Adenosine
arginine
arterial hypertension
Blood pressure
chronic disease
Coronaviruses
endothelial dysfunction
Endothelium
Enzymes
heart failure
Homeostasis
Hypertension
Nitric oxide
occupational medicine
Oxidative stress
Pathophysiology
Peptides
Physiology
Review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Smooth muscle
Veins & arteries
arterial hypertension
cardiovascular disease
heart failure
rehabilitation
arginine
chronic disease
exercise
endothelial dysfunction
occupational medicine
outcome
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Abstract The endothelium is composed of a monolayer of endothelial cells, lining the interior surface of blood and lymphatic vessels. Endothelial cells display important homeostatic functions, since they are able to respond to humoral and hemodynamic stimuli. Thus, endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as a key and early pathogenic mechanism in many clinical conditions. Given the relevant repercussions on cardiovascular risk, the complex interplay between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension has been a matter of study in recent years. Numerous articles have been published on this issue, all of which contribute to providing an interesting insight into the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in arterial hypertension and its role as a biomarker of inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular disease. The prognostic and therapeutic implications of endothelial dysfunction have also been analyzed in this clinical setting, with interesting new findings and potential applications in clinical practice and future research. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension, with a focus on the personalized pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies targeting endothelial dysfunction while treating hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities.
AbstractList The endothelium is composed of a monolayer of endothelial cells, lining the interior surface of blood and lymphatic vessels. Endothelial cells display important homeostatic functions, since they are able to respond to humoral and hemodynamic stimuli. Thus, endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as a key and early pathogenic mechanism in many clinical conditions. Given the relevant repercussions on cardiovascular risk, the complex interplay between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension has been a matter of study in recent years. Numerous articles have been published on this issue, all of which contribute to providing an interesting insight into the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in arterial hypertension and its role as a biomarker of inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular disease. The prognostic and therapeutic implications of endothelial dysfunction have also been analyzed in this clinical setting, with interesting new findings and potential applications in clinical practice and future research. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension, with a focus on the personalized pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies targeting endothelial dysfunction while treating hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities.
The endothelium is composed of a monolayer of endothelial cells, lining the interior surface of blood and lymphatic vessels. Endothelial cells display important homeostatic functions, since they are able to respond to humoral and hemodynamic stimuli. Thus, endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as a key and early pathogenic mechanism in many clinical conditions. Given the relevant repercussions on cardiovascular risk, the complex interplay between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension has been a matter of study in recent years. Numerous articles have been published on this issue, all of which contribute to providing an interesting insight into the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in arterial hypertension and its role as a biomarker of inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular disease. The prognostic and therapeutic implications of endothelial dysfunction have also been analyzed in this clinical setting, with interesting new findings and potential applications in clinical practice and future research. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension, with a focus on the personalized pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies targeting endothelial dysfunction while treating hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities.The endothelium is composed of a monolayer of endothelial cells, lining the interior surface of blood and lymphatic vessels. Endothelial cells display important homeostatic functions, since they are able to respond to humoral and hemodynamic stimuli. Thus, endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as a key and early pathogenic mechanism in many clinical conditions. Given the relevant repercussions on cardiovascular risk, the complex interplay between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension has been a matter of study in recent years. Numerous articles have been published on this issue, all of which contribute to providing an interesting insight into the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in arterial hypertension and its role as a biomarker of inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular disease. The prognostic and therapeutic implications of endothelial dysfunction have also been analyzed in this clinical setting, with interesting new findings and potential applications in clinical practice and future research. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension, with a focus on the personalized pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies targeting endothelial dysfunction while treating hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities.
Author Ambrosino, Pasquale
Perrotta, Fabio
Motta, Andrea
Maniscalco, Mauro
D’Agnano, Vito
Galloway, Brurya
Bachetti, Tiziana
D’Anna, Silvestro Ennio
Bianco, Andrea
Papa, Antimo
AuthorAffiliation 2 Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Scientific Direction, 27100 Pavia, Italy; tiziana.bachetti@icsmaugeri.it
1 Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy; antimo.papa@icsmaugeri.it
3 Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy; silvestro.danna@icsmaugeri.it
5 Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; andrea.motta@icb.cnr.it
4 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; brurya29@gmail.com (B.G.); andrea.bianco@unicampania.it (A.B.); vito.dagnano94@gmail.com (V.D.); fabio.perrotta@unicampania.it (F.P.)
6 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; brurya29@gmail.com (B.G.); andrea.bianco@unicampania.it (A.B.); vito.dagnano94@gmail.com (V.D.); fabio.perrotta@unicampania.it (F.P.)
– name: 6 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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– name: 3 Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy; silvestro.danna@icsmaugeri.it
– name: 5 Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; andrea.motta@icb.cnr.it
– name: 1 Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy; antimo.papa@icsmaugeri.it
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35621847$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 5
Keywords arterial hypertension
cardiovascular disease
heart failure
rehabilitation
arginine
chronic disease
exercise
endothelial dysfunction
occupational medicine
outcome
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ORCID 0000-0002-9398-0428
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PublicationDate 20220427
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-04-27
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  year: 2022
  text: 20220427
  day: 27
PublicationDecade 2020
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PublicationTitle Journal of cardiovascular development and disease
PublicationTitleAlternate J Cardiovasc Dev Dis
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SubjectTerms Adenosine
arginine
arterial hypertension
Blood pressure
chronic disease
Coronaviruses
endothelial dysfunction
Endothelium
Enzymes
heart failure
Homeostasis
Hypertension
Nitric oxide
occupational medicine
Oxidative stress
Pathophysiology
Peptides
Physiology
Review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Smooth muscle
Veins & arteries
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Title Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Endothelial Dysfunction in Arterial Hypertension
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Volume 9
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