Characteristics of events in which police responded to overdoses: an examination of incident reports in Rhode Island

Background Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The obje...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inHarm reduction journal Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 1 - 116
Main Authors Macmadu, Alexandria, Yolken, Annajane, Frueh, Lisa, Toussaint, Jai'el R, Newman, Roxxanne, Jacka, Brendan P, Collins, Alexandra B, Marshall, Brandon D. L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central Ltd 18.10.2022
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Arrests
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Criminal liability
Dosage and administration
Drug overdose
Drugs
Emergency medical care
Emergency response
Emergency services
First responders
Good samaritans
Harm reduction
Jurisdiction
Law
Murders & murder attempts
Naloxone
Overdose
Pandemics
Police
Police departments
Postal codes
Prevention
Race
Services
Rhode Island
United States > US
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Background Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and correlates of naloxone administration by police, as well as to examine overdose events where arrests were made and those in which the person who overdosed was described as combative. Methods We analyzed incident reports of police responding to an overdose between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020 (i.e., 6 months prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic), from a city in Rhode Island. We examined characteristics of incidents, as well as individual characteristics of the person who overdosed. Correlates of police naloxone administration were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Fisher's exact tests, and we examined incidents where arrests occurred and incidents in which the person who overdosed was described as combative descriptively. Results Among the 211 incidents in which police responded to an overdose during the study period, we found that police administered naloxone in approximately 10% of incidents. In most incidents, police were the last group of first responders to arrive on scene (59%), and most often, naloxone was administered by others (65%). Police were significantly more likely to administer naloxone when they were the first professionals to arrive, when naloxone had not been administered by others, and when the overdose occurred in public or in a vehicle. Arrests at overdose events were rarely reported (1%), and people who overdosed were rarely (1%) documented in incident reports as being 'combative.' Conclusions Considering these findings, ideally, all jurisdictions should have sufficient first responder staffing and resources to ensure a rapid response to overdose events, with police rarely or never dispatched to respond to overdoses. However, until this ideal can be achieved, any available responders should be dispatched concurrently, with police instructed to resume patrol once other professional responders arrive on scene; additionally, warrant searches of persons on scene should be prohibited. Keywords: Police, Overdose, Naloxone, Arrests
AbstractList Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and correlates of naloxone administration by police, as well as to examine overdose events where arrests were made and those in which the person who overdosed was described as combative. We analyzed incident reports of police responding to an overdose between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020 (i.e., 6 months prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic), from a city in Rhode Island. We examined characteristics of incidents, as well as individual characteristics of the person who overdosed. Correlates of police naloxone administration were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Fisher's exact tests, and we examined incidents where arrests occurred and incidents in which the person who overdosed was described as combative descriptively. Among the 211 incidents in which police responded to an overdose during the study period, we found that police administered naloxone in approximately 10% of incidents. In most incidents, police were the last group of first responders to arrive on scene (59%), and most often, naloxone was administered by others (65%). Police were significantly more likely to administer naloxone when they were the first professionals to arrive, when naloxone had not been administered by others, and when the overdose occurred in public or in a vehicle. Arrests at overdose events were rarely reported (1%), and people who overdosed were rarely (1%) documented in incident reports as being 'combative.' Considering these findings, ideally, all jurisdictions should have sufficient first responder staffing and resources to ensure a rapid response to overdose events, with police rarely or never dispatched to respond to overdoses. However, until this ideal can be achieved, any available responders should be dispatched concurrently, with police instructed to resume patrol once other professional responders arrive on scene; additionally, warrant searches of persons on scene should be prohibited.
Abstract Background Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and correlates of naloxone administration by police, as well as to examine overdose events where arrests were made and those in which the person who overdosed was described as combative. Methods We analyzed incident reports of police responding to an overdose between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020 (i.e., 6 months prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic), from a city in Rhode Island. We examined characteristics of incidents, as well as individual characteristics of the person who overdosed. Correlates of police naloxone administration were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Fisher’s exact tests, and we examined incidents where arrests occurred and incidents in which the person who overdosed was described as combative descriptively. Results Among the 211 incidents in which police responded to an overdose during the study period, we found that police administered naloxone in approximately 10% of incidents. In most incidents, police were the last group of first responders to arrive on scene (59%), and most often, naloxone was administered by others (65%). Police were significantly more likely to administer naloxone when they were the first professionals to arrive, when naloxone had not been administered by others, and when the overdose occurred in public or in a vehicle. Arrests at overdose events were rarely reported (1%), and people who overdosed were rarely (1%) documented in incident reports as being ‘combative.’ Conclusions Considering these findings, ideally, all jurisdictions should have sufficient first responder staffing and resources to ensure a rapid response to overdose events, with police rarely or never dispatched to respond to overdoses. However, until this ideal can be achieved, any available responders should be dispatched concurrently, with police instructed to resume patrol once other professional responders arrive on scene; additionally, warrant searches of persons on scene should be prohibited.
BACKGROUNDNarrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and correlates of naloxone administration by police, as well as to examine overdose events where arrests were made and those in which the person who overdosed was described as combative. METHODSWe analyzed incident reports of police responding to an overdose between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020 (i.e., 6 months prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic), from a city in Rhode Island. We examined characteristics of incidents, as well as individual characteristics of the person who overdosed. Correlates of police naloxone administration were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Fisher's exact tests, and we examined incidents where arrests occurred and incidents in which the person who overdosed was described as combative descriptively. RESULTSAmong the 211 incidents in which police responded to an overdose during the study period, we found that police administered naloxone in approximately 10% of incidents. In most incidents, police were the last group of first responders to arrive on scene (59%), and most often, naloxone was administered by others (65%). Police were significantly more likely to administer naloxone when they were the first professionals to arrive, when naloxone had not been administered by others, and when the overdose occurred in public or in a vehicle. Arrests at overdose events were rarely reported (1%), and people who overdosed were rarely (1%) documented in incident reports as being 'combative.' CONCLUSIONSConsidering these findings, ideally, all jurisdictions should have sufficient first responder staffing and resources to ensure a rapid response to overdose events, with police rarely or never dispatched to respond to overdoses. However, until this ideal can be achieved, any available responders should be dispatched concurrently, with police instructed to resume patrol once other professional responders arrive on scene; additionally, warrant searches of persons on scene should be prohibited.
Background Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and correlates of naloxone administration by police, as well as to examine overdose events where arrests were made and those in which the person who overdosed was described as combative. Methods We analyzed incident reports of police responding to an overdose between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020 (i.e., 6 months prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic), from a city in Rhode Island. We examined characteristics of incidents, as well as individual characteristics of the person who overdosed. Correlates of police naloxone administration were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Fisher's exact tests, and we examined incidents where arrests occurred and incidents in which the person who overdosed was described as combative descriptively. Results Among the 211 incidents in which police responded to an overdose during the study period, we found that police administered naloxone in approximately 10% of incidents. In most incidents, police were the last group of first responders to arrive on scene (59%), and most often, naloxone was administered by others (65%). Police were significantly more likely to administer naloxone when they were the first professionals to arrive, when naloxone had not been administered by others, and when the overdose occurred in public or in a vehicle. Arrests at overdose events were rarely reported (1%), and people who overdosed were rarely (1%) documented in incident reports as being 'combative.' Conclusions Considering these findings, ideally, all jurisdictions should have sufficient first responder staffing and resources to ensure a rapid response to overdose events, with police rarely or never dispatched to respond to overdoses. However, until this ideal can be achieved, any available responders should be dispatched concurrently, with police instructed to resume patrol once other professional responders arrive on scene; additionally, warrant searches of persons on scene should be prohibited. Keywords: Police, Overdose, Naloxone, Arrests
Background Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and correlates of naloxone administration by police, as well as to examine overdose events where arrests were made and those in which the person who overdosed was described as combative. Methods We analyzed incident reports of police responding to an overdose between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020 (i.e., 6 months prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic), from a city in Rhode Island. We examined characteristics of incidents, as well as individual characteristics of the person who overdosed. Correlates of police naloxone administration were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Fisher’s exact tests, and we examined incidents where arrests occurred and incidents in which the person who overdosed was described as combative descriptively. Results Among the 211 incidents in which police responded to an overdose during the study period, we found that police administered naloxone in approximately 10% of incidents. In most incidents, police were the last group of first responders to arrive on scene (59%), and most often, naloxone was administered by others (65%). Police were significantly more likely to administer naloxone when they were the first professionals to arrive, when naloxone had not been administered by others, and when the overdose occurred in public or in a vehicle. Arrests at overdose events were rarely reported (1%), and people who overdosed were rarely (1%) documented in incident reports as being ‘combative.’ Conclusions Considering these findings, ideally, all jurisdictions should have sufficient first responder staffing and resources to ensure a rapid response to overdose events, with police rarely or never dispatched to respond to overdoses. However, until this ideal can be achieved, any available responders should be dispatched concurrently, with police instructed to resume patrol once other professional responders arrive on scene; additionally, warrant searches of persons on scene should be prohibited.
ArticleNumber 116
Audience Academic
Author Frueh, Lisa
Jacka, Brendan P
Newman, Roxxanne
Marshall, Brandon D. L
Toussaint, Jai'el R
Macmadu, Alexandria
Yolken, Annajane
Collins, Alexandra B
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Macmadu, Alexandria
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Yolken, Annajane
– sequence: 3
  fullname: Frueh, Lisa
– sequence: 4
  fullname: Toussaint, Jai'el R
– sequence: 5
  fullname: Newman, Roxxanne
– sequence: 6
  fullname: Jacka, Brendan P
– sequence: 7
  fullname: Collins, Alexandra B
– sequence: 8
  fullname: Marshall, Brandon D. L
BookMark eNptkl-LEzEUxQdZwd3VL-BTwBdfZs2fySTjg7AUdy0sCKLP4U5yp02ZJjWZdvXbm3YWtSJ5SLg595ecy7mqLkIMWFWvGb1hTLfvMuOdbGrKeU1p2-maP6suWaNUrSRTF3-dX1RXOW8oLXqhL6tpsYYEdsLk8-RtJnEgeMAwZeIDeVx7uya7OHqLJGHexeDQkSmSeMDkYsb8nkAg-AO2PsDkYzgCfLDeFUZp2cU0o76so0OyzCME97J6PsCY8dXTfl19u_v4dfGpfvh8v1zcPtRWNnSqB6WVpb0D0fPONi0qoUEwPkiryhqwlUOvWmpdI13LB2gVlQ0wFLaHXmhxXS1nrouwMbvkt5B-mgjenAoxrQyk4npEY6XsBFVSMoSG9bpD22pgVrSKgQRWWB9m1m7fb9HZYi_BeAY9vwl-bVbxYDqpNBeqAN4-AVL8vsc8ma3PFscyEIz7bLjibUO16I7_fvOPdBP3KZRRnVRMMN2xP6oVFAM-DLG8a49Qc6t40QjdyKK6-Y-qLIdbb0uKBl_qZw18brAp5pxw-O2RUXMMm5nDZkrYzClshotfpXLJ9w
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_peptides_2023_171095
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.011
10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.030
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109571
10.15585/mmwr.mm7037a4
10.1186/s40352-021-00163-5
10.1186/s40352-021-00134-w
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4402
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108176
10.1037/rmh0000166
10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.08.002
10.1002/bsl.2452
10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.008
10.2105/AJPH.2014.302062
10.1371/journal.pone.0223823
10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.010
10.1177/0033354920915439
10.1097/PHH.0000000000000538
10.1007/s10900-017-0422-8
10.2105/AJPH.2022.306918
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3418
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.008
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00975.x
10.1080/00952990.2017.1339053
10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02252-2
10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103039
10.1186/s12954-016-0113-2
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.033
10.1111/dar.12551
10.1080/10903127.2016.1182605
10.1038/s41591-020-0855-y
10.1093/jurban/jtg032
10.1073/pnas.1915454117
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101778
10.1186/s12954-021-00530-3
10.1007/s11524-013-9814-y
10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102773
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25538
10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.102623
10.1093/aje/kwab290
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107555
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2022 BioMed Central Ltd.
2022. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
The Author(s) 2022
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2022 BioMed Central Ltd.
– notice: 2022. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: The Author(s) 2022
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7X7
7XB
88E
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
ATCPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
COVID
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
K9.
M0S
M1P
PATMY
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PYCSY
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1186/s12954-022-00698-2
DatabaseName CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Databases
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central Korea
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Environmental Science Database
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Science Collection
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Environmental Science Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList

MEDLINE - Academic

Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Social Welfare & Social Work
Law
EISSN 1477-7517
EndPage 116
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_c559307551ea41b89ec68a1c3671a5a1
A723183845
10_1186_s12954_022_00698_2
GeographicLocations Rhode Island
United States--US
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Rhode Island
– name: United States--US
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: ;
  grantid: F31-DA052971
– fundername: ;
  grantid: P20GM125507; P20GM125507
GroupedDBID ---
-A0
0R~
29I
2WC
2XV
3V.
53G
5GY
5VS
7X7
7XC
88E
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
AAFWJ
AAJSJ
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABIVO
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACIHN
ACRMQ
ADBBV
ADINQ
ADRAZ
ADUKV
AEAQA
AFKRA
AFRAH
AHBYD
AHMBA
AHYZX
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMKLP
AMTXH
AOIJS
ATCPS
BAPOH
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BFQNJ
BHPHI
BMC
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C24
C6C
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EBD
EBLON
EBS
EMOBN
ESX
F5P
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IHR
INH
INR
IPY
ITC
KQ8
M1P
M48
M~E
O5R
O5S
OK1
P2P
PATMY
PGMZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PYCSY
RBZ
RNS
ROL
RPM
RSV
SMD
SOJ
SV3
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
WOQ
WOW
XSB
~8M
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
COVID
DWQXO
GNUQQ
K9.
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
AFPKN
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-f787c0bda3b29c46e738a312f5c7c7cfe65fb760cd45d62fa67054a1e3cbab383
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 1477-7517
IngestDate Tue Oct 22 14:57:16 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:30:55 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 25 01:09:53 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 19:04:26 EDT 2024
Tue Nov 19 20:36:38 EST 2024
Tue Nov 12 22:55:14 EST 2024
Thu Nov 21 23:44:28 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c540t-f787c0bda3b29c46e738a312f5c7c7cfe65fb760cd45d62fa67054a1e3cbab383
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578237/
PQID 2726131891
PQPubID 105462
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_c559307551ea41b89ec68a1c3671a5a1
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9578237
proquest_miscellaneous_2726408398
proquest_journals_2726131891
gale_infotracmisc_A723183845
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A723183845
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_022_00698_2
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-10-18
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-10-18
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-10-18
  day: 18
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
PublicationTitle Harm reduction journal
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher BioMed Central Ltd
BioMed Central
BMC
Publisher_xml – name: BioMed Central Ltd
– name: BioMed Central
– name: BMC
References JK Lim (698_CR53) 2019; 1
AM Kopak (698_CR45) 2020; 38
CD Saucier (698_CR11) 2016; 1
AM Kopak (698_CR46) 2020; 3
MD White (698_CR50) 2021; 1
CA Wood (698_CR10) 2021; 45
698_CR37
SC Heavey (698_CR9) 2018; 24
AB Collins (698_CR23) 2019; 73
698_CR33
B Del Pozo (698_CR49) 2021; 9
698_CR34
698_CR35
698_CR30
698_CR31
AE Zgierska (698_CR47) 2021; 9
SC Heavey (698_CR16) 2018; 43
TI Evans (698_CR43) 2016; 13
PA Smyser (698_CR13) 2018; 44
A Macmadu (698_CR5) 2021; 4
KM Holland (698_CR4) 2021
M Kariisa (698_CR48) 2021; 70
S Slavova (698_CR3) 2020; 1
K Humphreys (698_CR39) 2022; 399
698_CR1
M Perri (698_CR24) 2021; 18
AD Latimore (698_CR25) 2017; 1
E Saunders (698_CR7) 2019; 1
698_CR28
L Lasher (698_CR41) 2019; 102
S Koester (698_CR22) 2017; 48
ASB Bohnert (698_CR56) 2018; 86
E van der Meulen (698_CR32) 2021; 1
KD Wagner (698_CR19) 2019; 14
M Alexander (698_CR17) 2012
B Ray (698_CR42) 2022; 1
KE Tobin (698_CR21) 2005; 100
ASB Bohnert (698_CR18) 2011; 113
M Selfridge (698_CR26) 2020; 1
698_CR14
M-AC Bind (698_CR36) 2020; 117
AR Cartus (698_CR6) 2022; 5
698_CR54
CS Davis (698_CR12) 2014; 104
698_CR51
698_CR52
H Jalal (698_CR2) 2020; 26
KH Seal (698_CR20) 2003; 80
R Fisher (698_CR15) 2016; 20
SM Bagley (698_CR55) 2018; 37
CJ Banta-Green (698_CR8) 2013; 90
MD White (698_CR40) 2022; 112
T Townsend (698_CR38) 2022
KE Schneider (698_CR44) 2020; 135
S Moallef (698_CR27) 2021; 90
L Beletsky (698_CR29) 2019; 2019
References_xml – volume: 1
  start-page: 211
  issue: 162
  year: 2016
  ident: 698_CR11
  publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.011
  contributor:
    fullname: CD Saucier
– ident: 698_CR51
– volume: 86
  start-page: 66
  year: 2018
  ident: 698_CR56
  publication-title: Addict Behav
  doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.030
  contributor:
    fullname: ASB Bohnert
– volume: 1
  issue: 238
  year: 2022
  ident: 698_CR42
  publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109571
  contributor:
    fullname: B Ray
– volume: 70
  start-page: 1300
  issue: 37
  year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR48
  publication-title: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
  doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7037a4
  contributor:
    fullname: M Kariisa
– volume: 9
  start-page: 34
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR49
  publication-title: Health Justice
  doi: 10.1186/s40352-021-00163-5
  contributor:
    fullname: B Del Pozo
– volume: 9
  start-page: 9
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR47
  publication-title: Health Justice
  doi: 10.1186/s40352-021-00134-w
  contributor:
    fullname: AE Zgierska
– year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR4
  publication-title: JAMA Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4402
  contributor:
    fullname: KM Holland
– ident: 698_CR35
– volume: 1
  issue: 214
  year: 2020
  ident: 698_CR3
  publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108176
  contributor:
    fullname: S Slavova
– volume: 45
  start-page: 207
  issue: 3
  year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR10
  publication-title: J Rural Ment Health
  doi: 10.1037/rmh0000166
  contributor:
    fullname: CA Wood
– volume: 73
  start-page: 199
  year: 2019
  ident: 698_CR23
  publication-title: Int J Drug Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.08.002
  contributor:
    fullname: AB Collins
– volume: 38
  start-page: 66
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 698_CR45
  publication-title: Behav Sci Law
  doi: 10.1002/bsl.2452
  contributor:
    fullname: AM Kopak
– volume: 48
  start-page: 115
  year: 2017
  ident: 698_CR22
  publication-title: Int J Drug Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.008
  contributor:
    fullname: S Koester
– volume: 104
  start-page: e7
  issue: 8
  year: 2014
  ident: 698_CR12
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302062
  contributor:
    fullname: CS Davis
– volume: 14
  issue: 10
  year: 2019
  ident: 698_CR19
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223823
  contributor:
    fullname: KD Wagner
– volume: 1
  start-page: 82
  issue: 50
  year: 2017
  ident: 698_CR25
  publication-title: Int J Drug Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.010
  contributor:
    fullname: AD Latimore
– volume: 135
  start-page: 393
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: 698_CR44
  publication-title: Public Health Rep
  doi: 10.1177/0033354920915439
  contributor:
    fullname: KE Schneider
– volume: 24
  start-page: 63
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 698_CR9
  publication-title: J Public Health Manag Pract
  doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000538
  contributor:
    fullname: SC Heavey
– volume: 43
  start-page: 304
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: 698_CR16
  publication-title: J Community Health
  doi: 10.1007/s10900-017-0422-8
  contributor:
    fullname: SC Heavey
– volume: 112
  start-page: 1326
  issue: 9
  year: 2022
  ident: 698_CR40
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
  doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2022.306918
  contributor:
    fullname: MD White
– ident: 698_CR54
– volume: 5
  issue: 3
  year: 2022
  ident: 698_CR6
  publication-title: JAMA Netw Open
  doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3418
  contributor:
    fullname: AR Cartus
– ident: 698_CR33
– volume: 113
  start-page: 62
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: 698_CR18
  publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.008
  contributor:
    fullname: ASB Bohnert
– volume: 100
  start-page: 397
  issue: 3
  year: 2005
  ident: 698_CR21
  publication-title: Addiction
  doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00975.x
  contributor:
    fullname: KE Tobin
– ident: 698_CR34
– volume: 44
  start-page: 244
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: 698_CR13
  publication-title: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse
  doi: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1339053
  contributor:
    fullname: PA Smyser
– volume: 399
  start-page: 555
  issue: 10324
  year: 2022
  ident: 698_CR39
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02252-2
  contributor:
    fullname: K Humphreys
– volume: 1
  issue: 88
  year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR32
  publication-title: Int J Drug Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103039
  contributor:
    fullname: E van der Meulen
– volume: 13
  start-page: 24
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 698_CR43
  publication-title: Harm Reduct J
  doi: 10.1186/s12954-016-0113-2
  contributor:
    fullname: TI Evans
– volume: 1
  issue: 204
  year: 2019
  ident: 698_CR53
  publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.033
  contributor:
    fullname: JK Lim
– volume: 37
  start-page: 480
  issue: 4
  year: 2018
  ident: 698_CR55
  publication-title: Drug Alcohol Rev
  doi: 10.1111/dar.12551
  contributor:
    fullname: SM Bagley
– volume: 20
  start-page: 675
  issue: 6
  year: 2016
  ident: 698_CR15
  publication-title: Prehosp Emerg Care
  doi: 10.1080/10903127.2016.1182605
  contributor:
    fullname: R Fisher
– volume: 26
  start-page: 699
  issue: 5
  year: 2020
  ident: 698_CR2
  publication-title: Nat Med
  doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0855-y
  contributor:
    fullname: H Jalal
– volume: 80
  start-page: 291
  issue: 2
  year: 2003
  ident: 698_CR20
  publication-title: J Urban Health
  doi: 10.1093/jurban/jtg032
  contributor:
    fullname: KH Seal
– volume: 3
  start-page: 37
  year: 2020
  ident: 698_CR46
  publication-title: J Adv Justice
  contributor:
    fullname: AM Kopak
– ident: 698_CR30
– volume: 117
  start-page: 19151
  issue: 32
  year: 2020
  ident: 698_CR36
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1915454117
  contributor:
    fullname: M-AC Bind
– ident: 698_CR37
– ident: 698_CR14
– volume: 1
  issue: 72
  year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR50
  publication-title: J Crim Justice
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101778
  contributor:
    fullname: MD White
– ident: 698_CR28
– volume: 18
  start-page: 85
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR24
  publication-title: Harm Reduct J
  doi: 10.1186/s12954-021-00530-3
  contributor:
    fullname: M Perri
– volume: 90
  start-page: 1102
  issue: 6
  year: 2013
  ident: 698_CR8
  publication-title: J Urban Health
  doi: 10.1007/s11524-013-9814-y
  contributor:
    fullname: CJ Banta-Green
– start-page: 336
  volume-title: The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness
  year: 2012
  ident: 698_CR17
  contributor:
    fullname: M Alexander
– ident: 698_CR31
– volume: 90
  year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR27
  publication-title: Int J Drug Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102773
  contributor:
    fullname: S Moallef
– ident: 698_CR52
– volume: 4
  start-page: e2125538
  issue: 9
  year: 2021
  ident: 698_CR5
  publication-title: JAMA Netw Open
  doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25538
  contributor:
    fullname: A Macmadu
– volume: 1
  issue: 76
  year: 2020
  ident: 698_CR26
  publication-title: Int J Drug Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.102623
  contributor:
    fullname: M Selfridge
– year: 2022
  ident: 698_CR38
  publication-title: Am J Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1093/aje/kwab290
  contributor:
    fullname: T Townsend
– volume: 102
  start-page: 41
  issue: 2
  year: 2019
  ident: 698_CR41
  publication-title: R I Med J
  contributor:
    fullname: L Lasher
– ident: 698_CR1
– volume: 2019
  start-page: 833
  issue: 4
  year: 2019
  ident: 698_CR29
  publication-title: Utah Law Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: L Beletsky
– volume: 1
  issue: 204
  year: 2019
  ident: 698_CR7
  publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend
  doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107555
  contributor:
    fullname: E Saunders
SSID ssj0029538
Score 2.3594797
Snippet Background Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking...
Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical...
BACKGROUNDNarrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking...
Abstract Background Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Arrests
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Criminal liability
Dosage and administration
Drug overdose
Drugs
Emergency medical care
Emergency response
Emergency services
First responders
Good samaritans
Harm reduction
Jurisdiction
Law
Murders & murder attempts
Naloxone
Overdose
Pandemics
Police
Police departments
Postal codes
Prevention
Race
Services
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3LbtUwELVQV2wQFBCBW2QkBAsUNX7EdtiVqlXFggWiojvL8UP3CpRUN6ng85lxkqopCzYou3jy8pyJZ5LjY0Le6jpwITwrVaxMKZWDkIJxpuRCOokpsw-Z5ftFXVzKz1f11Z2lvpATNskDTx137CHlBRzCwB6dZK1polfGMS-UZq52U-FT8aWYmkutBuJ4mSJj1PHA8HdWicx1lOYFbKyGoazW__c7-T5P8s7Ac_6YPJozRnoy3ekT8iB2h2QzTaul3-PP5PaRvqPLjn7_4ykZT9c6zLRPNEs1DXTX0V_bnd9SXJ7BR7rPJNkQAx17inzO0A9x-EhdR-Nvh0QZdB2eAL_K47ReOv9nwFN93fYhUsRVF56Ry_Ozb6cX5by-QukhTxvLBMHqqzY40fLGSxW1ME4wnmqvYUtR1anV6C5ZB8WTUxoSPMei8K1robR9Tg66vosvCBWBaTCNVdJBahkcV6mSCATDwL4qyIelu-31JKNhc_lhlJ2cY8E5NjvH8oJ8Qo_cWqIEdt4BwLAzMOy_gFGQ9-hPi4EK3vNunm8AN4ySV_ZEc3yfGVkXZLOyhADz6-YFEXYO8MFyDaUnGDRwnTe3zXgkkta62N9MNhJS3MYURK-QtHqydUu322aR7wbXGRD65f_oilfkIUfsIxHHbMjBuL-JR5BLje3rHDZ_ANMZG6Y
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Databases
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELbo9sIFQQERWJCREBxQ1PUjtsMFtVWrCqEKVVT0Zjm2w65ASUlStT-_M3ksBCSUWzx5fjPjsf15hpA3OgtcCM9SFVcmlcqBSUE_k3IhncSQ2Yee5XumTi_kp8vscpxwa0da5eQTe0cdao9z5PtcQ6wPCpizj1e_UqwahaurYwmNHbLLmTBmQXYPj8--nG-HXDnY87RVxqj9luGyVooMdkzRCzoy6476rP3_-ua_-ZJ_dEAnD8mDMXKkBwPUj8i9WO2Rnc_uZo8sh0229Fv8Wbom0rd0OlE3Px6T7mielZnWJe0TN7V0U9Gb9cavKRZr8JE2PWU2xEC7miK7M9RtbD9QV9F465A2g0DiDXCOHjf50nHVAW91vq5DpKhlVXhCLk6Ovx6dpmO1hdRD1NalJZiuXxXBiYLnXqqohXGC8TLzGo4yqqwsNIIns6B46ZSGcM-xKHzhChjoPiWLqq7iM0JFYBpE46rUQWoZHFflSqJaGAbyq4S8n366vRqSath-MGKUHSCyAJHtIbI8IYeIy1YSE2L3J-rmux3ty3oYGYG7gvgvOskKk0evjGNeKM1c5lhC3iGqFs0WMPRu3H0AL4wJsOyB5ujdjMwSspxJgrn5efOkF3Y099b-Vs6EvN4245VIYatifT3ISAh4c5MQPdOn2ZfNW6rNuk_5nWPVAaGf___hL8h9jrqNhBuzJIuuuY4vIWbqilejYdwBfeYWfA
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Open Access Journals
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3Ni9UwEA_revEifmL1KRFED1JtPpq0gsi6uCyCHsSHewtpkvoeLq3bdtn1v3cmbR9W9yC9NdP04zeTzDS_zBDyTOeeC-FYqkJWpFJZMCmYZ1IupJXoMjsfWb6f1fFafjzJT_bIXO5o-oD9laEd1pNad6evLs9-vQODfxsNvlCve4aLVSny0jHxLiB_jVznMDMixeuT3K0qgFSsbM2k1qnOmZ430VzZx2Kiivn8_x21_2ZS_jE1Hd0iNyefkh6MSnCb7IXmDlmNG2_pt3Ba2y7Q53Q-0XY_7pLhcJmpmbY1jcmcerpt6MVm6zYUCzi4QLtIo_XB06GlyPj0bR_6N9Q2NFxapNIguNgB_rfHjb90WonArr5sWh8oal7j75H10Yevh8fpVIEhdeDJDWkN5uyyyltR8dJJFbQorGC8zp2Gow4qryuNgMrcK15bpcEFtCwIV9kKgt_7ZL9pm_CAUOGZBtGQ1dpLLb3lqs4kqkrBQD5LyMv5c5ufY6INEwOUQpkRHAPgmAiO4Ql5j4jsJDFJdjzRdt_NZHPGQbQEQxj4hMFKVhVlcKqwzAmlmc0tS8gLxNOgcgF6zk47EuCBMSmWOdAcR7xC5glZLSTBBN2yedYIM2uw4RqCUxAo4T5Pd814JdLamtCejzISnOCySIheaNLizZYtzXYT04CXWIlA6If__RaPyA2OCo58nGJF9ofuPDwGl2qonkQ7-Q3cox0W
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title Characteristics of events in which police responded to overdoses: an examination of incident reports in Rhode Island
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2726131891
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2726408398
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9578237
https://doaj.org/article/c559307551ea41b89ec68a1c3671a5a1
Volume 19
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwELbacuGCeIoty8pICA4o3Twc2-G2XVqVlVqqQmFvlmM77Io2qZJU8POZcZKKwA1FSqR44jxmxp5JvvlCyGuR2jhJTBRwF8qAcQ0uBfNMECdMMwyZjfUo3zN-cslW63S9Q9KhFsaD9k2-PSivrg_K7cZjK2-uzXzAic3PT5cZcrAnYr5LdmH6HVL0PsvKwIWH6hjJ502EX7ICBK0jKy-YxWgG8kT9_w7Hf0Mk_5hzjh-SB32wSBfdRT0iO658TKZdRS395q4KXTv6hg47qvrHE9IuxxTMtCqoZ2lq6LakPzdbs6H4ZwbjaO3xsdZZ2lYUoZy2alzznuqSul8aMTKoNewAX8hjRS_tPzFgVxebyjqKJlXap-Ty-OjL8iTof60QGAjR2qAAPzVhbnWSx5lh3IlE6iSKi9QIWArH0yIXqCmWWh4XmguI7XTkEpPrHLLaZ2SvrEr3nNDERgJEXVgIywSzOuZFyNAGZATy4YS8Gx63uukYNJTPPCRXnXIUKEd55ah4Qg5RI3eSyH7td1T1d9XbgDKQBsHYBMGe0yzKZeYMlzoyCReRTnU0IW9Rnwp9FLRndF9qABeMbFdqIWIcyiRLJ2Q6kgTfMuPmwSJU79uNigVknSCQwXle3TXjkYhXK11128kwiG4zOSFiZEmjOxu3gLl7fu_evPf_-8gX5H6MBo_AGzkle219615C7NTmM_CYtZiRe4vF6vMKtodHZ-cXsF1--vrxw8y_kYD1KZMz71W_AR1qIqo
link.rule.ids 230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,12056,21388,24318,27924,27925,31719,31720,33744,33745,38516,43310,43805,43895,53791,53793
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwEB7R7QEuCAqIwAJGQnBAUePEsRMuqK1aLbCsUNWK3izHdrorUFKSVOXnM5PNLgQklFs8ec7DY_vzNwCvVOriJLE8lD7KQiENuhT2M2GcCCMoZbauR_ku5OxcfLxIL4YJt3aAVW5iYh-oXW1pjnw_VpjrowHm_P3Vj5CqRtHq6lBCYwd2iTk9ncDu4fHiy-l2yJWjP2-2ymRyv-W0rBUSgp0oetFGRt1Rz9r_b2z-Gy_5Rwd0cg_uDpkjO1ir-j7c8tUe7MzNzR5M15ts2Vf_vTSNZ6_Z5kTdfHsA3dGYlZnVJeuJm1q2qtjNcmWXjIo1WM-aHjLrvGNdzQjd6erWt--YqZj_aQg2Q4qkG9AcPW3yZcOqA93qdFk7z8jKKvcQzk-Oz45m4VBtIbSYtXVhia5ro8KZpIhzK6RXSWYSHpepVXiUXqZloUh5InUyLo1UmO4Z7hNbmAIHuo9gUtWVfwwscVyhqI9K5YQSzsSyjASZRcZRPgrg7ean66s1qYbuByOZ1GsVaVSR7lWk4wAOSS9bSSLE7k_UzaUe_EtbHBlhuML8zxvBiyz3VmaG20QqblLDA3hDWtXktqhDa4bdB_jCRIClD1RM0S0TaQDTkSS6mx03b-xCD-7e6t_GGcDLbTNdSRC2ytfXaxmBCW-eBaBG9jT6snFLtVr2lN85VR1I1JP_P_wF3J6dfZ7r-YfFp6dwJyY7J_BNNoVJ11z7Z5g_dcXzwUl-AaTDGWQ
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwELagSIgLKi8RWMBICA4ozcOOnXArC6vyqipERW-WYzvdFW2ySlLRn8-Mk1QN3FBu8eQ539gzyefPhLySmU0ZM0koXJyHXGgIKRhnwpRxzTFlNtazfA_FwTH_fJKdXFvqy5P2TbnZq8_O9-rN2nMrt-cmmnhi0dG3ZYEa7ExGW1tFN8mtjAHIpkJ9rLUKCORpjkwuoi7B_1khUtdRmxfAMRuHvFz_v53y30TJayPPapfcHVNGuj_c2j1yw9X3yWKYV0t_urNKt46-ptOOpv31gPTLuRAzbSrqtZo6uqnp7_XGrCmuz2AcbT1L1jpL-4YiodM2neveUV1Td6mRKYO-wxPgZ3mc10vHHw14qu_rxjqKwKrtQ3K8-vhjeRCOCyyEBhK1PqwgWk1cWs3KtDBcOMlyzZK0yoyErXIiq0qJ_uKZFWmlhYQMTyeOmVKXUNs-Ijt1U7vHhDKbSDB1cSUtl9zqVFQxRyTkCdjHAXk7vW61HXQ0lK8_cqEG5yhwjvLOUWlA3qNHrixRA9vvaNpTNSJBGSiGoIeClM9pnpR54YzIdWKYkInOdBKQN-hPhZEK3jN6nHAAN4yaV2pfptih5TwLyGJmCRFm5s0TItQY4Z1KJdSeYFDAdV5eNeORyFqrXXMx2HDIcYs8IHKGpNmTzVsA9F7lewT5k_8-8gW5ffRhpb5-OvzylNxJEfvIxMkXZKdvL9wzSKb68rkPmz8RYR-e
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+events+in+which+police+responded+to+overdoses%3A+an+examination+of+incident+reports+in+Rhode+Island&rft.jtitle=Harm+reduction+journal&rft.au=Macmadu%2C+Alexandria&rft.au=Yolken%2C+Annajane&rft.au=Frueh%2C+Lisa&rft.au=Toussaint%2C+Jai%27el+R&rft.date=2022-10-18&rft.pub=BioMed+Central+Ltd&rft.issn=1477-7517&rft.eissn=1477-7517&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12954-022-00698-2&rft.externalDocID=A723183845
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1477-7517&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1477-7517&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1477-7517&client=summon