Synthesis, characterization and potential sensing application of carbon dots synthesized via the hydrothermal treatment of cow milk

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and does not necessitate the use of any special instruments or chemicals. CQDs were practically almost circular when they were manufactured and ha...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inScientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 22495 - 12
Main Authors Kumar, Avinash, Kumar, Ishant, Gathania, Arvind K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 28.12.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
639/766
639/925
Animals
Biocompatibility
Carbon
Carbon - chemistry
Chemicals
Cow's milk
Emissions
Graphene
Humanities and Social Sciences
Lignin
Luminescence
Luminescence quenching
Milk
multidisciplinary
Nanoparticles
Nitrogen
Nitrogen - chemistry
Oxidation
Photons
Quantum dots
Quantum Dots - chemistry
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Ultraviolet radiation
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and does not necessitate the use of any special instruments or chemicals. CQDs were practically almost circular when they were manufactured and had an average size of 7 nm. Carbon (67.36%), oxygen (22.73%), and nitrogen (9.91%) comprised the majority of their composition. They feature broad excitation-emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence. They remained quite stable in the presence of a lot of salt, UV radiation, and storage time. Because luminescence quenching mechanisms are sensitive to and selective for Sn 2+ , they can be employed to create a nanosensor for detecting Sn 2+ .
AbstractList Abstract Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and does not necessitate the use of any special instruments or chemicals. CQDs were practically almost circular when they were manufactured and had an average size of 7 nm. Carbon (67.36%), oxygen (22.73%), and nitrogen (9.91%) comprised the majority of their composition. They feature broad excitation-emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence. They remained quite stable in the presence of a lot of salt, UV radiation, and storage time. Because luminescence quenching mechanisms are sensitive to and selective for Sn2+, they can be employed to create a nanosensor for detecting Sn2+.
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and does not necessitate the use of any special instruments or chemicals. CQDs were practically almost circular when they were manufactured and had an average size of 7 nm. Carbon (67.36%), oxygen (22.73%), and nitrogen (9.91%) comprised the majority of their composition. They feature broad excitation-emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence. They remained quite stable in the presence of a lot of salt, UV radiation, and storage time. Because luminescence quenching mechanisms are sensitive to and selective for Sn 2+ , they can be employed to create a nanosensor for detecting Sn 2+ .
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and does not necessitate the use of any special instruments or chemicals. CQDs were practically almost circular when they were manufactured and had an average size of 7 nm. Carbon (67.36%), oxygen (22.73%), and nitrogen (9.91%) comprised the majority of their composition. They feature broad excitation-emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence. They remained quite stable in the presence of a lot of salt, UV radiation, and storage time. Because luminescence quenching mechanisms are sensitive to and selective for Sn2+, they can be employed to create a nanosensor for detecting Sn2+.Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and does not necessitate the use of any special instruments or chemicals. CQDs were practically almost circular when they were manufactured and had an average size of 7 nm. Carbon (67.36%), oxygen (22.73%), and nitrogen (9.91%) comprised the majority of their composition. They feature broad excitation-emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence. They remained quite stable in the presence of a lot of salt, UV radiation, and storage time. Because luminescence quenching mechanisms are sensitive to and selective for Sn2+, they can be employed to create a nanosensor for detecting Sn2+.
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and does not necessitate the use of any special instruments or chemicals. CQDs were practically almost circular when they were manufactured and had an average size of 7 nm. Carbon (67.36%), oxygen (22.73%), and nitrogen (9.91%) comprised the majority of their composition. They feature broad excitation-emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence. They remained quite stable in the presence of a lot of salt, UV radiation, and storage time. Because luminescence quenching mechanisms are sensitive to and selective for Sn2+, they can be employed to create a nanosensor for detecting Sn2+.
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and does not necessitate the use of any special instruments or chemicals. CQDs were practically almost circular when they were manufactured and had an average size of 7 nm. Carbon (67.36%), oxygen (22.73%), and nitrogen (9.91%) comprised the majority of their composition. They feature broad excitation-emission spectra, excitation-dependent emission, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence. They remained quite stable in the presence of a lot of salt, UV radiation, and storage time. Because luminescence quenching mechanisms are sensitive to and selective for Sn , they can be employed to create a nanosensor for detecting Sn .
ArticleNumber 22495
Author Kumar, Avinash
Gathania, Arvind K.
Kumar, Ishant
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Avinash
  surname: Kumar
  fullname: Kumar, Avinash
  organization: Department of Physics and Photonics Science, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Ishant
  surname: Kumar
  fullname: Kumar, Ishant
  organization: Department of Physics and Photonics Science, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Arvind K.
  surname: Gathania
  fullname: Gathania, Arvind K.
  email: akgathania@nith.ac.in
  organization: Department of Physics and Photonics Science, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36577768$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kk1v1DAQhiNUREvpH-CAInHhQMBx7Ni-IFUVH5UqcQDOlj8mu14Se7G9RdsrfxzvZgttD_XFY_t9H41n5nl15IOHqnrZonct6vj7RFoqeIMwbnAvUN-QJ9UJRoQ2uMP46E58XJ2ltEJlUSxIK55Vx11PGWM9P6n-fNv6vITk0tvaLFVUJkN0Nyq74Gvlbb0OGXx2aqwT-OT8olbr9ejMrAhDbVTUJbIhpzodYDdg62un6nKol1sbQwniVBg5gspTAe6d4Xc9ufHni-rpoMYEZ4f9tPrx6eP3iy_N1dfPlxfnV42hBOUGALRQ2Fiu-0EDRVy1QmMsqCaE2oFZCpgSMFwzzDnFjGuKsdGlUha3vDutLmeuDWol19FNKm5lUE7uL0JcSBWzMyNIILYTmHc9aYHoQfEBUaL0YO0gejbYwvows9YbPYE15UtRjfeg91-8W8pFuJaCCUZ7VABvDoAYfm0gZTm5ZGAclYewSRIzKnBPENlJXz-QrsIm-lKqnYqzvmOsK6pXdzP6l8ptr4uAzwITQ0oRBmlc3rexJOhG2SK5myw5T5YskyX3kyVJseIH1lv6o6ZuNqUi9guI_9N-xPUX2LvkEg
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1021_acsanm_3c03131
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2024_118610
crossref_primary_10_1080_00032719_2025_2465792
crossref_primary_10_2478_msp_2024_0009
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_inoche_2023_112012
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ccr_2025_216510
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_60726_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_nano14110941
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2023_137578
crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad23b9
crossref_primary_10_1002_adma_202312474
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ceramint_2023_09_030
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_materresbull_2025_113394
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molliq_2023_122194
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molstruc_2025_141674
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12039_023_02235_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_inoche_2024_112279
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molstruc_2024_140447
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_saa_2023_123339
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_energyfuels_3c03213
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_4c04449
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_saa_2024_125278
crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics16020288
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_inoche_2024_113696
crossref_primary_10_1039_D3RA06976A
crossref_primary_10_1080_10408398_2023_2208209
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2024_141592
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_3c05485
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42823_024_00847_6
crossref_primary_10_3390_coatings14111432
crossref_primary_10_1002_cphc_202400855
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2025_142517
crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_2663_1_012001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chphi_2023_100279
Cites_doi 10.1039/C8AY00441B
10.1021/acsabm.8b00032
10.1039/C6TA08660H
10.1016/j.matlet.2011.08.081
10.1039/c3ra47683a
10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154266
10.33805/2690-2575.109
10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03975
10.1007/s10854-021-07301-7
10.1007/s10854-015-3982-3
10.1126/science.1083780
10.1021/ja039643f
10.1021/ic4007026
10.3390/en14040986
10.1039/C9TC01730E
10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212756
10.1088/1742-6596/1537/1/012013
10.1016/j.saa.2021.120346
10.1016/j.optmat.2019.03.054
10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02475
10.1016/S1872-5805(16)60008-2
10.1166/jnn.2017.13332
10.1021/jp307308z
10.1088/2050-6120/1/4/042001
10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111543
10.1039/c2nr32675b
10.1002/anie.200906623
10.1039/c2ra23085b
10.1039/C4RA16773B
10.1039/C3RA45762A
10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.223
10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04100
10.1016/j.snb.2018.10.075
10.1007/s12648-017-0967-5
10.1063/5.0040322
10.1039/c2cc33796g
10.1007/s10854-021-05745-5
10.1007/s00216-018-1109-4
10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126846
10.1039/d1tb00371b
10.1039/c3ra47577h
10.1016/j.cej.2020.126406
10.1021/acsomega.0c02627
10.1016/j.snb.2019.127177
10.1002/adma.201200164
10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10179
10.1166/jbn.2018.2610
10.1039/c4cs00269e
10.1016/j.mtnano.2020.100091
10.1016/j.jiec.2018.06.005
10.1021/ac502646x
10.1063/1.5094310
10.1016/j.snb.2014.02.053
10.1063/1.5143819
10.1039/C4TC00988F
10.1021/ja0669070
10.1088/1361-6528/aaf3fb
10.1021/ac402989u
10.1063/5.0104906
10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114955
10.1021/ja904843x
10.1155/2019/2852816
10.1039/c4ra08523j
10.1038/s41598-022-16893-x
10.1016/j.optmat.2018.06.034
10.1002/bio.4381
10.1016/j.triboint.2017.09.029
10.1038/srep35795
10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.08.106
10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.075
10.1039/C4TA05483K
10.1016/j.carbon.2014.01.016
10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.055
10.1021/es800254a
10.1186/s11671-018-2581-7
10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.104
10.1002/anie.201705989
10.1002/bio.3444
10.1039/c3ra43452d
10.1021/jp9085969
10.1289/ehp.11566
10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.03.023
10.1016/j.physe.2020.114417
10.1039/c6ra01669c
10.1039/C4AN01014K
10.1007/s10854-021-05933-3
10.1021/ja073527l
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.014
10.1002/anie.200900652
10.1016/j.saa.2020.118580
10.1007/s10895-015-1595-0
10.1039/c5an00454c
10.1007/978-94-009-5938-5
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2022
2022. The Author(s).
The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2022
– notice: 2022. The Author(s).
– notice: The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7X7
7XB
88A
88E
88I
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M2P
M7P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
Q9U
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-26906-4
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Biology Database (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Science Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability (subscription)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database
Science Database
Biological Science Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Science Journals
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
CrossRef

MEDLINE - Academic

Publicly Available Content Database
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: C6C
  name: Springer Nature OA Free Journals
  url: http://www.springeropen.com/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 3
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 5
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 2045-2322
EndPage 12
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_e4d39283641e4bfa8f054abfddf967fd
PMC9797560
36577768
10_1038_s41598_022_26906_4
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GroupedDBID 0R~
3V.
4.4
53G
5VS
7X7
88A
88E
88I
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
AAFWJ
AAJSJ
AAKDD
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACGFS
ACSMW
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AENEX
AEUYN
AFKRA
AJTQC
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
AZQEC
BAWUL
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
DIK
DWQXO
EBD
EBLON
EBS
ESX
FYUFA
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
KQ8
LK8
M0L
M1P
M2P
M48
M7P
M~E
NAO
OK1
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RNT
RNTTT
RPM
SNYQT
UKHRP
AASML
AAYXX
AFPKN
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7XB
8FK
K9.
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQUKI
Q9U
7X8
5PM
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-eeeb9a2cd8b6fbe508a19b2295b445df7d5e254ec8b72885278b522cb415d2183
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 2045-2322
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:06:46 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:40:17 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 15:34:32 EDT 2025
Sat Aug 23 13:21:35 EDT 2025
Thu Jan 02 22:52:45 EST 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:55:09 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 00:55:41 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:39:15 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License 2022. The Author(s).
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c540t-eeeb9a2cd8b6fbe508a19b2295b445df7d5e254ec8b72885278b522cb415d2183
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1038/s41598-022-26906-4
PMID 36577768
PQID 2758763773
PQPubID 2041939
PageCount 12
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_e4d39283641e4bfa8f054abfddf967fd
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9797560
proquest_miscellaneous_2759264040
proquest_journals_2758763773
pubmed_primary_36577768
crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_s41598_022_26906_4
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_26906_4
springer_journals_10_1038_s41598_022_26906_4
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-12-28
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-12-28
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-12-28
  day: 28
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
PublicationTitle Scientific reports
PublicationTitleAbbrev Sci Rep
PublicationTitleAlternate Sci Rep
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
– name: Nature Portfolio
References Bilal Ahmad, Asif, Khurshid, Masood, Gulzar Ahmad (CR93) 2020
Lan, Wen, Shi, Liu, Mao, Yi (CR50) 2014; 139
Ftekan, Alobaidi, Hamza (CR32) 2022
Kasinathan, Samayanan, Marimuthu, Yim (CR91) 2022
Kumar, Kumar, Gathania (CR64) 2022
Borna, Sabzi, Pirsa (CR31) 2021; 32
Xu (CR71) 2015; 3
Baker, Baker (CR3) 2010; 49
Zhang (CR67) 2021; 9
Li, Liu, Wu, Sun, Li (CR53) 2013; 34
Du, Zhao, Huang, Deng, He (CR56) 2018; 410
Ngu, Chia, Fong, Ng (CR92) 2016; 31
Larson (CR7) 2003; 300
Wei, Xu, Li, Yin, He (CR63) 2014; 4
Ding, Li, Chen, Wei, Li, Xiong (CR66) 2020; 127
He (CR77) 2021; 264
Wang, Chang, Jing, Zhang (CR21) 2018; 10
Cao (CR6) 2007; 129
He, Zhang, Wang, Kong, Xiao, Xu (CR33) 2018; 13
Zhou, Sheng, Han, Zou, Li (CR60) 2012; 66
Li (CR29) 2017; 187
Jana, Ganguly, Chandrakumar, Rao, Pal (CR69) 2017; 33
Hoan, Tam, Pham (CR85) 2019
Liang, Ma, Shi, Li, Yang (CR80) 2013; 60
Sabet, Mahdavi (CR38) 2019; 463
Yu, Wen, Toh, Tang (CR84) 2012; 116
Yang, Zhu, Chen, Chen, Zhou (CR25) 2018; 85
Thambiraj, Ravi Shankaran (CR43) 2016; 390
Huang (CR46) 2013; 3
Khan, Rahman, Shumaila, Islam, Zulfequar (CR12) 2019; 91
Luo (CR78) 2014; 4
Jiang, Jiang, Zhou, Yao, Kong (CR28) 2015; 5
Lim, Shen, Gao (CR1) 2015; 44
Liu, Wu, Liu, Koynov, Knoll, Li (CR8) 2009; 48
Zou (CR86) 2022
Bandi, Gangapuram, Dadigala, Eslavath, Singh, Guttena (CR89) 2016; 6
Zhu, Zhu, Li, Xu, Belfiore, Tang (CR94) 2021; 121
Zhao, Kim (CR83) 2017; 17
Wang, Zhou (CR65) 2014; 86
Zuo, Xie, Li, Su, Pan, Dong (CR68) 2017; 121
Myint, Rhim, Nam, Kim, Lee (CR45) 2018; 66
Hasan, Saha, Quaid, Reza (CR18) 2021; 14
Das, Gawas, Chakrabarty, Harini, Patidar, Jasuja (CR26) 2019; 123
Kasibabu, D’Souza, Jha, Kailasa (CR48) 2015; 25
Li, Ren, Sun, Wang (CR88) 2018; 14
Chen (CR61) 2013; 5
Thakur, Gathania (CR73) 2016; 27
Yin (CR35) 2013; 85
Lin (CR10) 2008; 42
Atchudan, Jebakumar Immanuel Edison, Shanmugam, Perumal, Somanathan, Lee (CR24) 2021; 126
Malavika, Shobana, Sundarraj, Ganeshbabu, Kumar, Selvan (CR39) 2022; 136
Kumar, Gathania (CR74) 2022; 33
Chao-Mujica (CR14) 2021; 129
Geys (CR9) 2008; 116
Liu, Liu, Luo, Gao (CR76) 2014; 4
Tinanoff, Norman (CR51) 1995; 6
Xie (CR20) 2019; 30
Liu (CR47) 2012; 24
Cui, Ren, Wang, Sun (CR15) 2020; 12
Yang, Liu, Li, Wang, Li (CR49) 2021; 403
Melendez, Lubell (CR52) 2004; 126
Yuan (CR13) 2019; 7
Hutton, Hočevar, Mauko, Ogorevc (CR57) 2006; 580
Mehta, Jha, Basu, Singhal, Kailasa (CR41) 2015; 213
Hoan (CR42) 2018; 33
Thakur, Gathania (CR75) 2017; 91
Yang (CR5) 2009; 113
Wang, Lu, Tang, Xu (CR30) 2017; 5
Sachdev, Gopinath (CR87) 2015; 140
Demchenko, Dekaliuk (CR2) 2013; 1
Kalaiyarasan, Joseph, Kumar (CR70) 2020; 5
Liu, Zhao, Zhang (CR36) 2014; 196
Hamilton, Sewell (CR55) 1982
Zhu, Yuan, Li, Garai, Hong, Xu (CR59) 2018; 1
Doñate-Buendía, Fernández-Alonso, Lancis, Mínguez-Vega (CR16) 2020; 1537
Mitra, Chandra, Pathan, Sikdar, Pramanik, Goswami (CR90) 2013; 3
Guo, Zhang, Cao, Leng (CR37) 2016; 6
Jeevika, Alagarsamy, Celestina (CR40) 2022
Yang (CR4) 2009; 131
Guo, Zhao (CR19) 2020; 240
Chen (CR34) 2021; 32
Sahu, Behera, Maiti, Mohapatra (CR81) 2012; 48
Wang, Hu (CR11) 2014; 2
Liu (CR22) 2019; 281
Yu (CR58) 2020; 302
Li, Li, Sun, Xia, Jiao, Xu (CR62) 2017; 56
Mahapatra, Manna, Mandal, Mukhopadhyay (CR54) 2013; 52
Zhou (CR79) 2007; 129
Fan, Sun, Zhang, Zhang, Lu (CR44) 2014; 71
de Yro (CR23) 2019
Shang, Cai, Zhang, Liu, Liu (CR27) 2018; 118
Nguyen (CR72) 2022
Shi (CR82) 2014; 4
Zhang (CR17) 2021; 12
DR Larson (26906_CR7) 2003; 300
S-T Yang (26906_CR5) 2009; 113
J Chen (26906_CR34) 2021; 32
G Jiang (26906_CR28) 2015; 5
KG Nguyen (26906_CR72) 2022
S Thakur (26906_CR73) 2016; 27
S Borna (26906_CR31) 2021; 32
J Du (26906_CR56) 2018; 410
I Kumar (26906_CR64) 2022
G Kalaiyarasan (26906_CR70) 2020; 5
BT Hoan (26906_CR85) 2019
M Sabet (26906_CR38) 2019; 463
H Lan (26906_CR50) 2014; 139
C Zou (26906_CR86) 2022
BSB Kasibabu (26906_CR48) 2015; 25
S Liu (26906_CR47) 2012; 24
R Bandi (26906_CR89) 2016; 6
Y Zhang (26906_CR67) 2021; 9
JP Malavika (26906_CR39) 2022; 136
Z Li (26906_CR29) 2017; 187
VN Mehta (26906_CR41) 2015; 213
Q-Q Shi (26906_CR82) 2014; 4
M He (26906_CR33) 2018; 13
F Li (26906_CR62) 2017; 56
SN Baker (26906_CR3) 2010; 49
S-T Yang (26906_CR4) 2009; 131
P Yang (26906_CR25) 2018; 85
R Atchudan (26906_CR24) 2021; 126
Tinanoff (26906_CR51) 1995; 6
Y Li (26906_CR88) 2018; 14
Y Wang (26906_CR21) 2018; 10
H Ding (26906_CR66) 2020; 127
P Zhu (26906_CR94) 2021; 121
EA Hutton (26906_CR57) 2006; 580
L Wang (26906_CR65) 2014; 86
Y Wang (26906_CR11) 2014; 2
G Zuo (26906_CR68) 2017; 121
B Chen (26906_CR61) 2013; 5
D Yu (26906_CR58) 2020; 302
C Doñate-Buendía (26906_CR16) 2020; 1537
S Thambiraj (26906_CR43) 2016; 390
Q Xu (26906_CR71) 2015; 3
MR Hasan (26906_CR18) 2021; 14
A Sachdev (26906_CR87) 2015; 140
D Zhang (26906_CR17) 2021; 12
Z Zhu (26906_CR59) 2018; 1
T Yuan (26906_CR13) 2019; 7
Y Liu (26906_CR36) 2014; 196
AP Demchenko (26906_CR2) 2013; 1
Y Liu (26906_CR22) 2019; 281
ZMSH Khan (26906_CR12) 2019; 91
Y Xie (26906_CR20) 2019; 30
AK Mahapatra (26906_CR54) 2013; 52
L Cao (26906_CR6) 2007; 129
RE Melendez (26906_CR52) 2004; 126
FJ Chao-Mujica (26906_CR14) 2021; 129
XM Wei (26906_CR63) 2014; 4
R Wang (26906_CR30) 2017; 5
Y Guo (26906_CR37) 2016; 6
J Liu (26906_CR76) 2014; 4
A Jeevika (26906_CR40) 2022
J Jana (26906_CR69) 2017; 33
F Zhao (26906_CR83) 2017; 17
SK Das (26906_CR26) 2019; 123
Q Liang (26906_CR80) 2013; 60
K Kasinathan (26906_CR91) 2022
J Zhou (26906_CR60) 2012; 66
C Li (26906_CR53) 2013; 34
J Geys (26906_CR9) 2008; 116
T Bilal Ahmad (26906_CR93) 2020
AA Myint (26906_CR45) 2018; 66
J Zhou (26906_CR79) 2007; 129
RJ Hamilton (26906_CR55) 1982
L Cui (26906_CR15) 2020; 12
S Mitra (26906_CR90) 2013; 3
R-J Fan (26906_CR44) 2014; 71
PAN de Yro (26906_CR23) 2019
Y Guo (26906_CR19) 2020; 240
S Sahu (26906_CR81) 2012; 48
P Lin (26906_CR10) 2008; 42
PZZ Ngu (26906_CR92) 2016; 31
AK Ftekan (26906_CR32) 2022
H Yang (26906_CR49) 2021; 403
H Huang (26906_CR46) 2013; 3
H He (26906_CR77) 2021; 264
P Yu (26906_CR84) 2012; 116
SY Lim (26906_CR1) 2015; 44
J Yin (26906_CR35) 2013; 85
S Thakur (26906_CR75) 2017; 91
W Shang (26906_CR27) 2018; 118
R Liu (26906_CR8) 2009; 48
PG Luo (26906_CR78) 2014; 4
I Kumar (26906_CR74) 2022; 33
BT Hoan (26906_CR42) 2018; 33
References_xml – volume: 10
  start-page: 2775
  issue: 23
  year: 2018
  end-page: 2784
  ident: CR21
  article-title: Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for the sensitive and rapid detection of picric acid
  publication-title: Anal. Methods
  doi: 10.1039/C8AY00441B
– volume: 1
  start-page: 118
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  end-page: 124
  ident: CR59
  article-title: Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence in Coupled Nanostructures and Applications in DNA Detection
  publication-title: ACS Appl Bio Mater
  doi: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00032
– volume: 5
  start-page: 3717
  issue: 8
  year: 2017
  end-page: 3734
  ident: CR30
  article-title: Recent progress in carbon quantum dots: Synthesis, properties and applications in photocatalysis
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. A Mater.
  doi: 10.1039/C6TA08660H
– volume: 66
  start-page: 222
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  end-page: 224
  ident: CR60
  article-title: Facile synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots using watermelon peel as a carbon source
  publication-title: Mater. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2011.08.081
– volume: 4
  start-page: 10791
  issue: 21
  year: 2014
  ident: CR78
  article-title: Carbon-based quantum dots for fluorescence imaging of cells and tissues
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c3ra47683a
– year: 2022
  ident: CR91
  article-title: Green synthesis of multicolour fluorescence carbon quantum dots from sugarcane waste: Investigation of mercury (II) ion sensing, and bio-imaging applications
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154266
– year: 2020
  ident: CR93
  article-title: Preparation and characterization of SnO nanoparticles for antibacterial properties
  publication-title: Nanomater. Chem. Technol.
  doi: 10.33805/2690-2575.109
– volume: 123
  start-page: 25412
  issue: 41
  year: 2019
  end-page: 25421
  ident: CR26
  article-title: An unexpected transformation of organic solvents into 2D fluorescent quantum dots during ultrasonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03975
– volume: 33
  start-page: 328
  issue: 1
  year: 2022
  end-page: 341
  ident: CR74
  article-title: Photoluminescence and quenching study of the Sm3+-doped LiBaPO4 phosphor
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.
  doi: 10.1007/s10854-021-07301-7
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1988
  issue: 2
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1993
  ident: CR73
  article-title: Investigation of optical properties of YVO4–Er3+ nano-phosphors at different Er3+ concentrations and calcination temperatures
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.
  doi: 10.1007/s10854-015-3982-3
– volume: 300
  start-page: 1434
  issue: 5624
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1436
  ident: CR7
  article-title: Water-soluble quantum dots for multiphoton fluorescence imaging in vivo
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1083780
– volume: 126
  start-page: 6759
  issue: 21
  year: 2004
  end-page: 6764
  ident: CR52
  article-title: Aza-amino acid scan for rapid identification of secondary structure based on the application of -Boc-Aza -dipeptides in peptide synthesis
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja039643f
– volume: 6
  start-page: 37
  year: 1995
  end-page: 40
  ident: CR51
  article-title: Progress regarding the use of stannous fluoride in clinical dentistry
  publication-title: J. Clin. Dent.
– volume: 52
  start-page: 10825
  issue: 19
  year: 2013
  end-page: 10834
  ident: CR54
  article-title: Highly sensitive and selective rhodamine-based “off–on” reversible chemosensor for Tin (Sn ) and imaging in living cells
  publication-title: Inorg. Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/ic4007026
– volume: 14
  start-page: 986
  issue: 4
  year: 2021
  ident: CR18
  article-title: Formation of carbon quantum dots via hydrothermal carbonization: Investigate the effect of precursors
  publication-title: Energies
  doi: 10.3390/en14040986
– volume: 7
  start-page: 6820
  issue: 23
  year: 2019
  end-page: 6835
  ident: CR13
  article-title: Carbon quantum dots: An emerging material for optoelectronic applications
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C Mater.
  doi: 10.1039/C9TC01730E
– volume: 136
  start-page: 212756
  year: 2022
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon quantum dots: An approach in cancer theranostics
  publication-title: Biomaterials Advances
  doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212756
– volume: 1537
  start-page: 012013
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: CR16
  article-title: Pulsed laser ablation in liquids for the production of gold nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots: From plasmonic to fluorescence and cell labelling
  publication-title: J. Phys. Conf. Ser.
  doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1537/1/012013
– year: 2022
  ident: CR86
  article-title: A paper-based visualization chip based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots nanoprobe for Hg(II) detection
  publication-title: Spectrochim. Acta A Mol Biomol. Spectrosc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120346
– volume: 91
  start-page: 386
  year: 2019
  end-page: 395
  ident: CR12
  article-title: Hydrothermal treatment of red lentils for the synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots and its application for sensing Fe3+”
  publication-title: Opt. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2019.03.054
– volume: 12
  start-page: 8939
  issue: 37
  year: 2021
  end-page: 8946
  ident: CR17
  article-title: One-Step green solvothermal synthesis of full-color carbon quantum dots based on a doping strategy
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02475
– volume: 31
  start-page: 135
  issue: 2
  year: 2016
  end-page: 143
  ident: CR92
  article-title: Synthesis of carbon nanoparticles from waste rice husk used for the optical sensing of metal ions
  publication-title: New Carbon Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(16)60008-2
– volume: 17
  start-page: 2606
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  end-page: 2609
  ident: CR83
  article-title: The effect of temperature on photoluminescence enhancement of quantum dots in brain slices
  publication-title: J Nanosci Nanotechnol
  doi: 10.1166/jnn.2017.13332
– volume: 116
  start-page: 25552
  issue: 48
  year: 2012
  end-page: 25557
  ident: CR84
  article-title: Temperature-dependent fluorescence in carbon dots
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1021/jp307308z
– volume: 1
  start-page: 042001
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: CR2
  article-title: Novel fluorescent carbonic nanomaterials for sensing and imaging
  publication-title: Methods Appl. Fluoresc.
  doi: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/4/042001
– volume: 121
  start-page: 111543
  year: 2021
  ident: CR94
  article-title: Nitrogen, sulfur co-doped red carbon dots for sensitive and selective detection of Sn2+ ions
  publication-title: Opt. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111543
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1967
  issue: 5
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1971
  ident: CR61
  article-title: Large scale synthesis of photoluminescent carbon nanodots and their application for bioimaging
  publication-title: Nanoscale
  doi: 10.1039/c2nr32675b
– volume: 49
  start-page: 6726
  issue: 38
  year: 2010
  end-page: 6744
  ident: CR3
  article-title: Luminescent carbon nanodots: Emergent nanolights
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.200906623
– volume: 3
  start-page: 3189
  issue: 10
  year: 2013
  end-page: 3193
  ident: CR90
  article-title: Room temperature and solvothermal green synthesis of self passivated carbon quantum dots
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c2ra23085b
– volume: 5
  start-page: 9064
  issue: 12
  year: 2015
  end-page: 9068
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Preparation of N-doped carbon quantum dots for highly sensitive detection of dopamine by an electrochemical method
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/C4RA16773B
– volume: 4
  start-page: 1563
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1566
  ident: CR82
  article-title: High-yield and high-solubility nitrogen-doped carbon dots: Formation, fluorescence mechanism and imaging application
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/C3RA45762A
– volume: 463
  start-page: 283
  year: 2019
  end-page: 291
  ident: CR38
  article-title: Green synthesis of high photoluminescence nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from grass via a simple hydrothermal method for removing organic and inorganic water pollutions
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.223
– volume: 33
  start-page: 573
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  end-page: 584
  ident: CR69
  article-title: Boron precursor-dependent evolution of differently emitting carbon dots
  publication-title: Langmuir
  doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04100
– start-page: 1
  year: 1982
  end-page: 12
  ident: CR55
  publication-title: Introduction to high performance liquid chromatography
– volume: 281
  start-page: 34
  year: 2019
  end-page: 43
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon quantum dots for application in acetone and dopamine sensors and multicolor cellular imaging
  publication-title: Sens. Actuat. B Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2018.10.075
– volume: 91
  start-page: 623
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  end-page: 627
  ident: CR75
  article-title: Structural and optical studies on the crushed roots of Saccharum munja grass: A new low cost red phosphor source for optical applications
  publication-title: Indian J. Phys.
  doi: 10.1007/s12648-017-0967-5
– volume: 129
  start-page: 163301
  issue: 16
  year: 2021
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Carbon quantum dots by submerged arc discharge in water: Synthesis, characterization, and mechanism of formation
  publication-title: J. Appl. Phys.
  doi: 10.1063/5.0040322
– volume: 48
  start-page: 8835
  issue: 70
  year: 2012
  ident: CR81
  article-title: Simple one-step synthesis of highly luminescent carbon dots from orange juice: Application as excellent bio-imaging agents
  publication-title: Chem. Commun.
  doi: 10.1039/c2cc33796g
– volume: 32
  start-page: 10866
  issue: 8
  year: 2021
  end-page: 10879
  ident: CR31
  article-title: Synthesis of carbon quantum dots from apple juice and graphite: Investigation of fluorescence and structural properties and use as an electrochemical sensor for measuring Letrozole
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.
  doi: 10.1007/s10854-021-05745-5
– volume: 410
  start-page: 4519
  issue: 18
  year: 2018
  end-page: 4526
  ident: CR56
  article-title: Visual colorimetric detection of tin(II) and nitrite using a molybdenum oxide nanomaterial-based three-input logic gate
  publication-title: Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
  doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-1109-4
– year: 2022
  ident: CR64
  article-title: Activation of zirconia nanophosphors with Eu3+ to demonstrate multifunctional optical applications
  publication-title: Mater. Chem. Phys.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126846
– volume: 9
  start-page: 4654
  issue: 23
  year: 2021
  end-page: 4662
  ident: CR67
  article-title: Highly fluorescent nitrogen and boron doped carbon quantum dots for selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. B
  doi: 10.1039/d1tb00371b
– volume: 4
  start-page: 7648
  issue: 15
  year: 2014
  ident: CR76
  article-title: One-step preparation of nitrogen-doped and surface-passivated carbon quantum dots with high quantum yield and excellent optical properties
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c3ra47577h
– volume: 403
  start-page: 126406
  year: 2021
  ident: CR49
  article-title: Full-wood photoluminescent and photothermic materials for thermal energy storage
  publication-title: Chem. Eng. J.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126406
– volume: 5
  start-page: 22278
  issue: 35
  year: 2020
  end-page: 22288
  ident: CR70
  article-title: Phosphorus-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorometric probes for iron detection
  publication-title: ACS Omega
  doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02627
– volume: 302
  start-page: 127177
  year: 2020
  ident: CR58
  article-title: Visual detection of the toxicity of wastewater containing heavy metal ions using a microbial fuel cell biosensor with a Prussian blue cathode
  publication-title: Sens Actuat. B Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.127177
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2037
  issue: 15
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2041
  ident: CR47
  article-title: Hydrothermal treatment of grass: A low-cost, green route to nitrogen-doped, carbon-rich, photoluminescent polymer nanodots as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for label-free detection of Cu(II) ions
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201200164
– volume: 121
  start-page: 26558
  issue: 47
  year: 2017
  end-page: 26565
  ident: CR68
  article-title: Large emission red-shift of carbon dots by fluorine doping and their applications for red cell imaging and sensitive intracellular Ag+ detection
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10179
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1543
  issue: 9
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1555
  ident: CR88
  article-title: Fluorescent lignin carbon dots for reversible responses to high-valence metal ions and its bioapplications
  publication-title: J. Biomed. Nanotechnol.
  doi: 10.1166/jbn.2018.2610
– volume: 44
  start-page: 362
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  end-page: 381
  ident: CR1
  article-title: Carbon quantum dots and their applications
  publication-title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
  doi: 10.1039/c4cs00269e
– volume: 12
  start-page: 100091
  year: 2020
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Synthesis of homogeneous carbon quantum dots by ultrafast dual-beam pulsed laser ablation for bioimaging
  publication-title: Mater Today Nano
  doi: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2020.100091
– volume: 66
  start-page: 387
  year: 2018
  end-page: 395
  ident: CR45
  article-title: Water-soluble, lignin-derived carbon dots with high fluorescent emissions and their applications in bioimaging
  publication-title: J. Ind. Eng. Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.06.005
– volume: 86
  start-page: 8902
  issue: 18
  year: 2014
  end-page: 8905
  ident: CR65
  article-title: Green synthesis of luminescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots from milk and its imaging application
  publication-title: Anal. Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/ac502646x
– year: 2019
  ident: CR23
  article-title: Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots from biowaste for bio-imaging
  publication-title: AIP Conf. Proc.
  doi: 10.1063/1.5094310
– volume: 196
  start-page: 647
  year: 2014
  end-page: 652
  ident: CR36
  article-title: One-step green synthesized fluorescent carbon nanodots from bamboo leaves for copper(II) ion detection
  publication-title: Sens. Actuat. B Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.02.053
– volume: 127
  start-page: 231101
  issue: 23
  year: 2020
  ident: CR66
  article-title: Surface states of carbon dots and their influences on luminescence
  publication-title: J Appl. Phys.
  doi: 10.1063/1.5143819
– volume: 2
  start-page: 6921
  issue: 34
  year: 2014
  ident: CR11
  article-title: Carbon quantum dots: Synthesis, properties and applications
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C Mater.
  doi: 10.1039/C4TC00988F
– volume: 129
  start-page: 744
  issue: 4
  year: 2007
  end-page: 745
  ident: CR79
  article-title: An electrochemical avenue to blue luminescent nanocrystals from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja0669070
– volume: 30
  start-page: 085406
  issue: 8
  year: 2019
  ident: CR20
  article-title: One-step hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescence carbon quantum dots with high product yield and quantum yield
  publication-title: Nanotechnology
  doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf3fb
– volume: 85
  start-page: 12011
  issue: 24
  year: 2013
  end-page: 12019
  ident: CR35
  article-title: Label-free and turn-on aptamer strategy for cancer cells detection based on a DNA–silver nanocluster fluorescence upon recognition-induced hybridization
  publication-title: Anal. Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/ac402989u
– year: 2022
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Antibacterial activities of carbon quantum dots derived from lemon juice
  publication-title: AIP Conf. Proc.
  doi: 10.1063/5.0104906
– volume: 264
  start-page: 114955
  year: 2021
  ident: CR77
  article-title: Enhanced fluorescence of Zn-doped carbon quantum dots using zinc citrate chelate as precursor for fluorescent sensor applications
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. B
  doi: 10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114955
– volume: 131
  start-page: 11308
  issue: 32
  year: 2009
  end-page: 11309
  ident: CR4
  article-title: Carbon dots for optical imaging in vivo
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja904843x
– year: 2019
  ident: CR85
  article-title: Green Synthesis of highly luminescent carbon quantum dots from lemon juice
  publication-title: J. Nanotechnol.
  doi: 10.1155/2019/2852816
– volume: 4
  start-page: 44504
  issue: 84
  year: 2014
  end-page: 44508
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Ultrafast synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots via neutralization heat for bioimaging and sensing applications
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c4ra08523j
– year: 2022
  ident: CR72
  article-title: Investigating the effect of N-doping on carbon quantum dots structure, optical properties and metal ion screening
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16893-x
– volume: 85
  start-page: 329
  year: 2018
  end-page: 336
  ident: CR25
  article-title: Microwave-assisted synthesis of xylan-derived carbon quantum dots for tetracycline sensing
  publication-title: Opt. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2018.06.034
– year: 2022
  ident: CR40
  article-title: Biogenic synthesis of carbon quantum dots from garlic peel bio-waste for use as a fluorescent probe for sensing of quercetin
  publication-title: Luminescence
  doi: 10.1002/bio.4381
– volume: 118
  start-page: 373
  year: 2018
  end-page: 380
  ident: CR27
  article-title: Facile one pot pyrolysis synthesis of carbon quantum dots and graphene oxide nanomaterials: All carbon hybrids as eco-environmental lubricants for low friction and remarkable wear-resistance
  publication-title: Tribol. Int.
  doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2017.09.029
– volume: 6
  start-page: 35795
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: CR37
  article-title: Thermal treatment of hair for the synthesis of sustainable carbon quantum dots and the applications for sensing Hg2+
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/srep35795
– volume: 390
  start-page: 435
  year: 2016
  end-page: 443
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Green synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots from sugarcane bagasse pulp
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.08.106
– volume: 580
  start-page: 244
  issue: 2
  year: 2006
  end-page: 250
  ident: CR57
  article-title: Bismuth film electrode for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of tin
  publication-title: Anal. Chim. Acta
  doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.075
– volume: 3
  start-page: 542
  year: 2015
  end-page: 546
  ident: CR71
  article-title: Preparation of highly photoluminescent sulfur-doped carbon dots for Fe(III) detection
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. A
  doi: 10.1039/C4TA05483K
– volume: 71
  start-page: 87
  year: 2014
  end-page: 93
  ident: CR44
  article-title: Photoluminescent carbon dots directly derived from polyethylene glycol and their application for cellular imaging
  publication-title: Carbon
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.01.016
– volume: 60
  start-page: 421
  year: 2013
  end-page: 428
  ident: CR80
  article-title: Easy synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots from gelatin and their luminescent properties and applications
  publication-title: Carbon
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.055
– volume: 42
  start-page: 6264
  issue: 16
  year: 2008
  end-page: 6270
  ident: CR10
  article-title: Computational and ultrastructural toxicology of a nanoparticle, quantum dot 705, in mice
  publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1021/es800254a
– volume: 13
  start-page: 175
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Material and optical properties of fluorescent carbon quantum dots fabricated from lemon juice via hydrothermal reaction
  publication-title: Nanoscale Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1186/s11671-018-2581-7
– volume: 213
  start-page: 434
  year: 2015
  end-page: 443
  ident: CR41
  article-title: One-step hydrothermal approach to fabricate carbon dots from apple juice for imaging of mycobacterium and fungal cells
  publication-title: Sens Actuat. B Chem
  doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.104
– volume: 56
  start-page: 9910
  issue: 33
  year: 2017
  end-page: 9914
  ident: CR62
  article-title: Selenium-doped carbon quantum dots for free-radical scavenging
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.201705989
– volume: 33
  start-page: 545
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  end-page: 551
  ident: CR42
  article-title: Luminescence of lemon-derived carbon quantum dot and its potential application in luminescent probe for detection of Mo6+ ions
  publication-title: Luminescence
  doi: 10.1002/bio.3444
– volume: 3
  start-page: 21691
  issue: 44
  year: 2013
  end-page: 21696
  ident: CR46
  article-title: One-pot green synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles as fluorescent probes for mercury ions
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c3ra43452d
– volume: 113
  start-page: 18110
  issue: 42
  year: 2009
  end-page: 18114
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Carbon dots as nontoxic and high-performance fluorescence imaging agents
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1021/jp9085969
– volume: 116
  start-page: 1607
  issue: 12
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1613
  ident: CR9
  article-title: Acute toxicity and prothrombotic effects of quantum dots: Impact of surface charge
  publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect.
  doi: 10.1289/ehp.11566
– volume: 187
  start-page: 274
  year: 2017
  end-page: 280
  ident: CR29
  article-title: A fluorescence probe based on the nitrogen-doped carbon dots prepared from orange juice for detecting Hg 2+ in water
  publication-title: J. Lumin.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.03.023
– volume: 126
  start-page: 114417
  year: 2021
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Sustainable synthesis of carbon quantum dots from banana peel waste using hydrothermal process for in vivo bioimaging
  publication-title: Phys. E Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct.
  doi: 10.1016/j.physe.2020.114417
– volume: 6
  start-page: 28633
  issue: 34
  year: 2016
  end-page: 28639
  ident: CR89
  article-title: Facile and green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from onion waste and their potential applications as sensor and multicolour imaging agents
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c6ra01669c
– volume: 139
  start-page: 5223
  issue: 20
  year: 2014
  end-page: 5229
  ident: CR50
  article-title: Fluorescence turn-on detection of Sn in live eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
  publication-title: Analyst
  doi: 10.1039/C4AN01014K
– volume: 32
  start-page: 13581
  issue: 10
  year: 2021
  end-page: 13587
  ident: CR34
  article-title: A turn-on fluorescent sensor based on coffee-ground carbon dots for the detection of sodium cyclamate
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.
  doi: 10.1007/s10854-021-05933-3
– volume: 129
  start-page: 11318
  issue: 37
  year: 2007
  end-page: 11319
  ident: CR6
  article-title: Carbon dots for multiphoton bioimaging
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja073527l
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1223
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1234
  ident: CR53
  article-title: The cellular uptake and localization of non-emissive iridium(III) complexes as cellular reaction-based luminescence probes
  publication-title: Biomaterials
  doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.014
– volume: 48
  start-page: 4598
  issue: 25
  year: 2009
  end-page: 4601
  ident: CR8
  article-title: An aqueous route to multicolor photoluminescent carbon dots using silica spheres as carriers
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.200900652
– volume: 240
  start-page: 118580
  year: 2020
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Hydrothermal synthesis of highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots with good biocompatibility and the application for sensing ellagic acid
  publication-title: Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118580
– volume: 25
  start-page: 803
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  end-page: 810
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Imaging of bacterial and fungal cells using fluorescent carbon dots prepared from carica papaya juice
  publication-title: J. Fluoresc.
  doi: 10.1007/s10895-015-1595-0
– volume: 140
  start-page: 4260
  issue: 12
  year: 2015
  end-page: 4269
  ident: CR87
  article-title: Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon dots from coriander leaves and their potential application as antioxidants, sensors and bioimaging agents
  publication-title: Analyst
  doi: 10.1039/c5an00454c
– volume: 7
  start-page: 6820
  issue: 23
  year: 2019
  ident: 26906_CR13
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C Mater.
  doi: 10.1039/C9TC01730E
– volume: 32
  start-page: 10866
  issue: 8
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR31
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.
  doi: 10.1007/s10854-021-05745-5
– year: 2019
  ident: 26906_CR85
  publication-title: J. Nanotechnol.
  doi: 10.1155/2019/2852816
– volume: 4
  start-page: 1563
  issue: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: 26906_CR82
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/C3RA45762A
– year: 2020
  ident: 26906_CR93
  publication-title: Nanomater. Chem. Technol.
  doi: 10.33805/2690-2575.109
– volume: 123
  start-page: 25412
  issue: 41
  year: 2019
  ident: 26906_CR26
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03975
– volume: 5
  start-page: 9064
  issue: 12
  year: 2015
  ident: 26906_CR28
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/C4RA16773B
– volume: 264
  start-page: 114955
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR77
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. B
  doi: 10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114955
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1967
  issue: 5
  year: 2013
  ident: 26906_CR61
  publication-title: Nanoscale
  doi: 10.1039/c2nr32675b
– volume: 118
  start-page: 373
  year: 2018
  ident: 26906_CR27
  publication-title: Tribol. Int.
  doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2017.09.029
– volume: 91
  start-page: 623
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: 26906_CR75
  publication-title: Indian J. Phys.
  doi: 10.1007/s12648-017-0967-5
– volume: 48
  start-page: 8835
  issue: 70
  year: 2012
  ident: 26906_CR81
  publication-title: Chem. Commun.
  doi: 10.1039/c2cc33796g
– volume: 91
  start-page: 386
  year: 2019
  ident: 26906_CR12
  publication-title: Opt. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2019.03.054
– volume: 213
  start-page: 434
  year: 2015
  ident: 26906_CR41
  publication-title: Sens Actuat. B Chem
  doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.104
– volume: 60
  start-page: 421
  year: 2013
  ident: 26906_CR80
  publication-title: Carbon
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.055
– volume: 33
  start-page: 545
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: 26906_CR42
  publication-title: Luminescence
  doi: 10.1002/bio.3444
– volume: 71
  start-page: 87
  year: 2014
  ident: 26906_CR44
  publication-title: Carbon
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.01.016
– volume: 4
  start-page: 44504
  issue: 84
  year: 2014
  ident: 26906_CR63
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c4ra08523j
– year: 2022
  ident: 26906_CR32
  publication-title: AIP Conf. Proc.
  doi: 10.1063/5.0104906
– volume: 66
  start-page: 387
  year: 2018
  ident: 26906_CR45
  publication-title: J. Ind. Eng. Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.06.005
– volume: 463
  start-page: 283
  year: 2019
  ident: 26906_CR38
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.223
– volume: 48
  start-page: 4598
  issue: 25
  year: 2009
  ident: 26906_CR8
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.200900652
– volume: 121
  start-page: 26558
  issue: 47
  year: 2017
  ident: 26906_CR68
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10179
– volume: 25
  start-page: 803
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 26906_CR48
  publication-title: J. Fluoresc.
  doi: 10.1007/s10895-015-1595-0
– volume: 49
  start-page: 6726
  issue: 38
  year: 2010
  ident: 26906_CR3
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.200906623
– volume: 32
  start-page: 13581
  issue: 10
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR34
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.
  doi: 10.1007/s10854-021-05933-3
– volume: 12
  start-page: 8939
  issue: 37
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR17
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02475
– volume: 140
  start-page: 4260
  issue: 12
  year: 2015
  ident: 26906_CR87
  publication-title: Analyst
  doi: 10.1039/c5an00454c
– volume: 52
  start-page: 10825
  issue: 19
  year: 2013
  ident: 26906_CR54
  publication-title: Inorg. Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/ic4007026
– volume: 56
  start-page: 9910
  issue: 33
  year: 2017
  ident: 26906_CR62
  publication-title: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
  doi: 10.1002/anie.201705989
– volume: 116
  start-page: 1607
  issue: 12
  year: 2008
  ident: 26906_CR9
  publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect.
  doi: 10.1289/ehp.11566
– volume: 136
  start-page: 212756
  year: 2022
  ident: 26906_CR39
  publication-title: Biomaterials Advances
  doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212756
– volume: 85
  start-page: 329
  year: 2018
  ident: 26906_CR25
  publication-title: Opt. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2018.06.034
– year: 2022
  ident: 26906_CR40
  publication-title: Luminescence
  doi: 10.1002/bio.4381
– volume: 302
  start-page: 127177
  year: 2020
  ident: 26906_CR58
  publication-title: Sens Actuat. B Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.127177
– volume: 86
  start-page: 8902
  issue: 18
  year: 2014
  ident: 26906_CR65
  publication-title: Anal. Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/ac502646x
– volume: 126
  start-page: 114417
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR24
  publication-title: Phys. E Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct.
  doi: 10.1016/j.physe.2020.114417
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1988
  issue: 2
  year: 2016
  ident: 26906_CR73
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.
  doi: 10.1007/s10854-015-3982-3
– volume: 1
  start-page: 118
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 26906_CR59
  publication-title: ACS Appl Bio Mater
  doi: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00032
– volume: 3
  start-page: 21691
  issue: 44
  year: 2013
  ident: 26906_CR46
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c3ra43452d
– volume: 33
  start-page: 573
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: 26906_CR69
  publication-title: Langmuir
  doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04100
– volume: 129
  start-page: 11318
  issue: 37
  year: 2007
  ident: 26906_CR6
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja073527l
– volume: 14
  start-page: 986
  issue: 4
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR18
  publication-title: Energies
  doi: 10.3390/en14040986
– volume: 131
  start-page: 11308
  issue: 32
  year: 2009
  ident: 26906_CR4
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja904843x
– volume: 126
  start-page: 6759
  issue: 21
  year: 2004
  ident: 26906_CR52
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja039643f
– year: 2022
  ident: 26906_CR72
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16893-x
– volume: 129
  start-page: 744
  issue: 4
  year: 2007
  ident: 26906_CR79
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja0669070
– year: 2019
  ident: 26906_CR23
  publication-title: AIP Conf. Proc.
  doi: 10.1063/1.5094310
– volume: 187
  start-page: 274
  year: 2017
  ident: 26906_CR29
  publication-title: J. Lumin.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.03.023
– volume: 403
  start-page: 126406
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR49
  publication-title: Chem. Eng. J.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126406
– volume: 580
  start-page: 244
  issue: 2
  year: 2006
  ident: 26906_CR57
  publication-title: Anal. Chim. Acta
  doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.075
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1223
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: 26906_CR53
  publication-title: Biomaterials
  doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.014
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1543
  issue: 9
  year: 2018
  ident: 26906_CR88
  publication-title: J. Biomed. Nanotechnol.
  doi: 10.1166/jbn.2018.2610
– volume: 30
  start-page: 085406
  issue: 8
  year: 2019
  ident: 26906_CR20
  publication-title: Nanotechnology
  doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf3fb
– year: 2022
  ident: 26906_CR64
  publication-title: Mater. Chem. Phys.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126846
– volume: 2
  start-page: 6921
  issue: 34
  year: 2014
  ident: 26906_CR11
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C Mater.
  doi: 10.1039/C4TC00988F
– volume: 13
  start-page: 175
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 26906_CR33
  publication-title: Nanoscale Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1186/s11671-018-2581-7
– volume: 127
  start-page: 231101
  issue: 23
  year: 2020
  ident: 26906_CR66
  publication-title: J Appl. Phys.
  doi: 10.1063/1.5143819
– volume: 116
  start-page: 25552
  issue: 48
  year: 2012
  ident: 26906_CR84
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1021/jp307308z
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2037
  issue: 15
  year: 2012
  ident: 26906_CR47
  publication-title: Adv. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201200164
– volume: 410
  start-page: 4519
  issue: 18
  year: 2018
  ident: 26906_CR56
  publication-title: Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
  doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-1109-4
– volume: 300
  start-page: 1434
  issue: 5624
  year: 2003
  ident: 26906_CR7
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1083780
– volume: 3
  start-page: 3189
  issue: 10
  year: 2013
  ident: 26906_CR90
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c2ra23085b
– volume: 33
  start-page: 328
  issue: 1
  year: 2022
  ident: 26906_CR74
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.
  doi: 10.1007/s10854-021-07301-7
– volume: 240
  start-page: 118580
  year: 2020
  ident: 26906_CR19
  publication-title: Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118580
– volume: 85
  start-page: 12011
  issue: 24
  year: 2013
  ident: 26906_CR35
  publication-title: Anal. Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/ac402989u
– volume: 6
  start-page: 28633
  issue: 34
  year: 2016
  ident: 26906_CR89
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c6ra01669c
– volume: 121
  start-page: 111543
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR94
  publication-title: Opt. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111543
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2775
  issue: 23
  year: 2018
  ident: 26906_CR21
  publication-title: Anal. Methods
  doi: 10.1039/C8AY00441B
– volume: 5
  start-page: 22278
  issue: 35
  year: 2020
  ident: 26906_CR70
  publication-title: ACS Omega
  doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02627
– volume: 129
  start-page: 163301
  issue: 16
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR14
  publication-title: J. Appl. Phys.
  doi: 10.1063/5.0040322
– volume: 5
  start-page: 3717
  issue: 8
  year: 2017
  ident: 26906_CR30
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. A Mater.
  doi: 10.1039/C6TA08660H
– volume: 196
  start-page: 647
  year: 2014
  ident: 26906_CR36
  publication-title: Sens. Actuat. B Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.02.053
– volume: 6
  start-page: 37
  year: 1995
  ident: 26906_CR51
  publication-title: J. Clin. Dent.
– volume: 1537
  start-page: 012013
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 26906_CR16
  publication-title: J. Phys. Conf. Ser.
  doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1537/1/012013
– volume: 139
  start-page: 5223
  issue: 20
  year: 2014
  ident: 26906_CR50
  publication-title: Analyst
  doi: 10.1039/C4AN01014K
– volume: 17
  start-page: 2606
  issue: 4
  year: 2017
  ident: 26906_CR83
  publication-title: J Nanosci Nanotechnol
  doi: 10.1166/jnn.2017.13332
– year: 2022
  ident: 26906_CR86
  publication-title: Spectrochim. Acta A Mol Biomol. Spectrosc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120346
– volume: 42
  start-page: 6264
  issue: 16
  year: 2008
  ident: 26906_CR10
  publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1021/es800254a
– volume: 12
  start-page: 100091
  year: 2020
  ident: 26906_CR15
  publication-title: Mater Today Nano
  doi: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2020.100091
– volume: 4
  start-page: 7648
  issue: 15
  year: 2014
  ident: 26906_CR76
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c3ra47577h
– volume: 4
  start-page: 10791
  issue: 21
  year: 2014
  ident: 26906_CR78
  publication-title: RSC Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/c3ra47683a
– volume: 44
  start-page: 362
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: 26906_CR1
  publication-title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
  doi: 10.1039/c4cs00269e
– volume: 9
  start-page: 4654
  issue: 23
  year: 2021
  ident: 26906_CR67
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. B
  doi: 10.1039/d1tb00371b
– year: 2022
  ident: 26906_CR91
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154266
– volume: 1
  start-page: 042001
  issue: 4
  year: 2013
  ident: 26906_CR2
  publication-title: Methods Appl. Fluoresc.
  doi: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/4/042001
– volume: 113
  start-page: 18110
  issue: 42
  year: 2009
  ident: 26906_CR5
  publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1021/jp9085969
– start-page: 1
  volume-title: Introduction to high performance liquid chromatography
  year: 1982
  ident: 26906_CR55
  doi: 10.1007/978-94-009-5938-5
– volume: 281
  start-page: 34
  year: 2019
  ident: 26906_CR22
  publication-title: Sens. Actuat. B Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2018.10.075
– volume: 31
  start-page: 135
  issue: 2
  year: 2016
  ident: 26906_CR92
  publication-title: New Carbon Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(16)60008-2
– volume: 390
  start-page: 435
  year: 2016
  ident: 26906_CR43
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.08.106
– volume: 6
  start-page: 35795
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 26906_CR37
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/srep35795
– volume: 66
  start-page: 222
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 26906_CR60
  publication-title: Mater. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2011.08.081
– volume: 3
  start-page: 542
  year: 2015
  ident: 26906_CR71
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. A
  doi: 10.1039/C4TA05483K
SSID ssj0000529419
Score 2.5377448
Snippet Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the environment, and...
Abstract Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized in this study by hydrothermally treating cow milk. The procedure is simple, non-hazardous to the...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 22495
SubjectTerms 639/766
639/925
Animals
Biocompatibility
Carbon
Carbon - chemistry
Chemicals
Cow's milk
Emissions
Graphene
Humanities and Social Sciences
Lignin
Luminescence
Luminescence quenching
Milk
multidisciplinary
Nanoparticles
Nitrogen
Nitrogen - chemistry
Oxidation
Photons
Quantum dots
Quantum Dots - chemistry
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Ultraviolet radiation
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZQpUpcEG8CBRmJG41KHMePY1tRVUhwgUq9WXY8pivapNpsqbZX_jhjOxt2eV647W4cy_LMeL5Zz3xDyCvLbMVBQFk3UJe8FbpUIqBAAH1ho7lXNv418P6DOD7h706b07VWXzEnLNMD543bA-7Rhata8Aq4C1YFBBnWBe-DFjL4ePqiz1sLpjKrN9O80mOVzJta7Q3oqWI1GcZeLJLzlnzDEyXC_t-hzF-TJX-6MU2O6OguuTMiSLqfV36P3ILuPtnOPSWXD8i3j8sOQd0wG3ZpO7Ex52JLajtPL_tFzBDCKYaYvN59pmuX2LQPtLVzh58wXB3oME52A55-nVmKX-jZ0s9T3dYFzjElqqc3-2t6MTv_8pCcHL39dHhcjp0WyhYR26IEAKcta71yIjhA0GYr7WKnb8d544P0DWAkCa1ykinVMKkcArfW4ab6CLIeka2u7-AJoWjTLlLEOC5QdC26glqBFVx4G7QEVpBqteumHWnIYzeMc5Ouw2tlsqQMSsokSRlekNfTO5eZhOOvow-iMKeRkUA7_YBqZUa1Mv9Sq4LsrFTBjFY9GIbBFZ7HUtYFeTk9RnuMlyy2g_4qjdEIMvFsLMjjrDnTSmrRSInxXUHkhk5tLHXzSTc7S5zfWmqJ4LQguyvt-7GsP2_F0_-xFc_IbRbNpop1_DtkazG_gueIxBbuRTK671ygMx0
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELagCIkL4k2gICNxo1FJ4vhxQoCoKiS4QKW9WX62K9pk2WxBy5U_zozjTVkeve1uHMvrmbE_e2a-IeS5qU3FAg9l04amZI6rUvIIAgmwF7aKeWnwauDDR354xN7P2lm-cBtyWOVmTUwLte8d3pHv1wBswRaEaF4tvpZYNQq9q7mExlVyDanLUKvFTEx3LOjFYpXKuTIvG7k_wH6FOWVwAquRordkW_tRou3_F9b8O2TyD79p2o4ObpGbGUfS16Pgb5MrobtDro-VJdd3yc9P6w6g3TAf9qibOJnHlEtqOk8X_QrjhKCLAUPYu2P6myub9pE6s7TwCQ6tAx1yZz-Cp9_mhsIXerL2y5S9dQZ9TOHq6c3-Oz2bn365R44O3n1-e1jmegulA9y2KkMIVpnaeWl5tAGgm6mUxXrflrHWR-HbAOfJ4KQVtZRtLaQF-OYsTKpHqHWf7HR9Fx4SCpZtkSjGMh4YTJqtGhkMZ9ybqESoC1JtZl27TEaONTFOdXKKN1KPktIgKZ0kpVlBXkzvLEYqjktbv0FhTi2RRjv90C-PdbZKDWMDfCgbzqrAbDQyAoI1NnofFRfRF2R3owo62_agLzSxIM-mx2CV6GoxXejPUxsFUBNWyII8GDVnGknDWyHglFcQsaVTW0PdftLNTxLztxJKAEQtyN5G-y6G9f-peHT5v3hMbtRoEBXm6e-SndXyPDwBpLWyT5M5_QIVWCll
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Springer Nature HAS Fully OA
  dbid: AAJSJ
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwEB6VVkhcEG9SCjISNxpBHMeP44KoqpXgUir1Ztmx3a5ok2qzBW2v_HHGzgMWChK3zca2Rp6x_U1m5jPAK0NNwTz3eVn5Mmc1V7nkARXi8SysFHPSxE8DHz_xw2M2P6lOtoCOtTApaT9RWqZteswOe9PhQROLwdB1opFbN2e3YCdStaNt78xm86P59GUlxq5YoYYKmbelvKHzximUyPpvQph_Jkr-Fi1Nh9DBPbg7oEcy6-W9D1u-eQC3-_sk1w_h-9G6QUDXLbp9Uk9MzH2hJTGNI5ftKmYH4RBdTFxvTskvAWzSBlKbpcVf6Kp2pBsGu_aOfF0Ygg_kbO2WqWbrAseYktRTz_YbuVicf3kExwcfPr8_zIdbFvIa0doq995bZWjtpOXBegRsplA23vJtGatcEK7y6EX6WlpBpayokBZBW21xUl0EWI9hu2kb_xQIrmcb6WEs457hpNmilN5wxp0JSniaQTHOuq4HCvJ4E8a5TqHwUupeUxo1pZOmNMvg9dTnsifg-Gfrd1GZU8tInp3-aJenejAmjbIhKpQlZ4VnNhgZELcaG5wLiovgMtgbTUEPK7rTFB0r3IuFKDN4Ob3GtRgDLKbx7VVqoxBg4r6YwZPeciZJSl4Jgb5dBmLDpjZE3XzTLM4S37cSSiAwzWB_tL6fYv19Knb_r_kzuEPjAilitf4ebK-WV_454q2VfTEssB8kkyh6
  priority: 102
  providerName: Springer Nature
Title Synthesis, characterization and potential sensing application of carbon dots synthesized via the hydrothermal treatment of cow milk
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-022-26906-4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36577768
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2758763773
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2759264040
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9797560
https://doaj.org/article/e4d39283641e4bfa8f054abfddf967fd
Volume 12
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwEB71ISQuiDeBsjISNxpQEsePA0LbVatqpVaIstLeIjt22lW3SUm2wHLljzN2soGFBYlTXrZlzSPzje2ZAXipYhVRy2yYpDYJac5kKFiBDLFoC1NJjVBuaeDklB1P6HiaTrdgVe6oI2Cz0bVz9aQm9fz110_Ld6jwb9uQcfGmQSPkAsXQrYpd3t2QbsMuWibuKhqcdHC_zfUdSxrJLnZmc9c1--TT-G_Cnn8eofxtH9Wbp6O7cKfDlWTYCsI92LLlfbjVVppcPoDvZ8sSoV4za_ZJ3udobkMwiSoNua4W7twQDtG4I-3lOflla5tUBclVrfEOndiGNN1g36whn2eK4AO5WJraR3Nd4Rj98XXfs_pCrmbzy4cwOTr8ODoOu_oLYY44bhFaa7VUcW6EZoW2COVUJLWr_60pTU3BTWrRv7S50DwWIo250Ajnco1ENQ56PYKdsirtEyCo6doljtGUWYpE01EirGKUGVVIbuMAohXVs7xLTu5qZMwzv0meiKzlVIacyjynMhrAq77PdZua45-tDxwz-5YurbZ_UdXnWaelGc4N8aJIGI0s1YUSBSJapQtjCsl4YQLYW4lCthLVLEaXC__SnCcBvOg_o5a6rRdV2urGt5EIPfGPGcDjVnL6mSQs5Ry9vgD4mkytTXX9Szm78JnAJZccIWsA-yvp-zmtv5Pi6f81fwa3Y6cgkYvj34OdRX1jnyMSW-gBbPMpH8DucDg-G-P14PD0_Qd8O2KjgV_dGHgF_AE5Tjac
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VIgQXVF4lUIqR4ESjNoljOweEoFBt6eNCK-3N2LHTrmiTZbOlWq79P_xGxs6jLI_eessmtuX1jGe-8XhmAF6qWEXUMhsmqU1CmrMsFKxAgljUhWlGjVDuaGBvnw0O6adhOlyAn10sjLtW2clEL6hNlbsz8vUYgS3uBc6Tt-Nvoasa5byrXQmNhi127OwcTbb6zfYHpO-rON76eLA5CNuqAmGO6GQaWmt1puLcCM0KbRGgqCjTrqq1pjQ1BTepRavJ5kLzWIg05kIjSMk1qjrjAAWOewNuouLdcMYeH_L-TMd5zWiUtbE5G4lYr7GTi2FDiy92KYFDOqf_fJmAf2Hbv69o_uGn9epvawnutriVvGsY7R4s2PI-3GoqWc4ewMXnWYlQsh7VayTvc0A3IZ5ElYaMq6m7l4RD1O7KfHlEfnOdk6oguZpofEIjuSZ1O9gPa8j3kSL4gxzPzMRHi53iGP31eN-zOieno5OvD-HwWijxCBbLqrSPgaAk0S4xjabMUlw0HSXCKkaZUUXGbRxA1K26zNvk564Gx4n0TvhEyIZSEiklPaUkDeB132fcpP64svV7R8y-pUvb7V9UkyPZSgGJc0M8KhJGI0t1oUSBiFnpwpgiY7wwAax0rCBbWVLLS84P4EX_GaWAc-2o0lZnvk2G0BYlcgDLDef0M0lYyjlalQHwOZ6am-r8l3J07DONZzzjCIkDWOu473Ja_1-KJ1f_i-dwe3Cwtyt3t_d3nsKd2G2OyOUIWIHF6eTMPkOUN9WrfmsR-HLde_kXT1pmdA
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VrUBcEG8CBYwEJxotSRzbOSBEaVcthVUFVOrN2LHdrmiTstlSLVf-Fb-OcV5lefTWWzaxLa_n4W884xmApypWEbXMhklqk5DmLAsFc0gQi3thmlEjlD8aeD9mm7v07V66twQ_u7swPqyy04m1ojZl7s_IhzECW5QFzpOha8MidtZHr46_hr6ClPe0duU0GhbZtvNTNN-ql1vrSOtncTza-PRmM2wrDIQ5IpVZaK3VmYpzIzRz2iJYUVGmfYVrTWlqHDepRQvK5kLzWIg05kIjYMk1bnvGgwsc9xIsc28VDWB5bWO886E_4fE-NBpl7U2dF4kYVtjN32hD-y_2CYJDurAb1kUD_oV0_w7Y_MNrW2-Go-twrUWx5HXDdjdgyRY34XJT13J-C358nBcILKtJtUryPiN0c-GTqMKQ43Lmo5RwiMoH0Bf75DdHOikdydVU4xOazBWp2sG-W0O-TRTBH-Rgbqb13bEjHKMPlq97lqfkaHL45TbsXggt7sCgKAt7DwjqFe3T1GjKLMVF01EirGKUGeUybuMAom7VZd6mQvcVOQ5l7ZJPhGwoJZFSsqaUpAE87_scN4lAzm295onZt_RJvOsX5XRftjpB4twQnYqE0chS7ZRwiJ-Vdsa4jHFnAljpWEG2mqWSZ3IQwJP-M-oE7-hRhS1P6jYZAl3UzwHcbTinn0nCUs7RxgyAL_DUwlQXvxSTgzrveMYzjgA5gNWO-86m9f-luH_-v3gMV1CO5but8fYDuBp72Yh8woAVGMymJ_YhQr6ZftTKFoHPFy3OvwAGXmwP
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Synthesis%2C+characterization+and+potential+sensing+application+of+carbon+dots+synthesized+via+the+hydrothermal+treatment+of+cow+milk&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Avinash&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Ishant&rft.au=Gathania%2C+Arvind+K.&rft.date=2022-12-28&rft.pub=Nature+Publishing+Group+UK&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41598-022-26906-4&rft.externalDocID=10_1038_s41598_022_26906_4
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon