Health behaviors among breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors: a US population-based case-control study, with comparisons by cancer type and gender

• Published in: Journal of cancer survivorship Vol. 8; no. 3; pp. 336 - 348
• Main Authors: LeMasters, Traci J., Madhavan, Sundareswaran S., Sambamoorthi, Usha, Kurian, Sobha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.09.2014; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Breast cancer; Breast Neoplasms - mortality; Breast Neoplasms - psychology; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms - mortality; Colorectal Neoplasms - psychology; Exercise; Female; Gender; Health Behavior; Health Informatics; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Humans; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Oncology; Primary Care Medicine; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality; Prostatic Neoplasms - psychology; Public Health; Quality of Life Research; Sex Characteristics; Survivor; Survivors; Cancer survivors; Colorectal cancer; Population-based study; Health behaviors; Breast cancer; Gender differences; Prostate cancer; Case-control
• DOI: 10.1007/s11764-014-0347-5
• ISSN: 1932-2259

Purpose The aim of this study is to compare health behaviors between breast, prostate, female, and male colorectal cancer survivors to noncancer controls, stratified by short- and long-term survivors, and between cancer types and genders. Methods A 3:1 population-based sample of breast (6,259), prostate (3,609), female colorectal (1,082), and male colorectal (816) cancer survivors from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were matched to noncancer controls on age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, insurance, and region of the US. The likelihood of flu immunization, physical check-up, cholesterol check, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, diet (5-A-Day), smoking, and alcohol use were compared between groups using binomial logistic regression models. Results Short-term breast cancer survivors were significantly more likely to meet multiple behavioral recommendations, than controls, but the likelihood decreased in the long term. Breast and female colorectal cancer survivors were up to 2.27 (95 % CI 1.90, 2.71) and 1.89 times more likely (95 % CI 1.60, 2.24) to meet the 5-A-Day and BMI recommendations, up to 0.54 times less likely (95 % CI 0.46, 0.64) to drink any alcohol, but were 0.68 times less likely (95 % CI 0.49, 0.95) to meet the physical activity recommendation, compared to prostate and male colorectal cancer survivors. Conclusions Some cancer survivors may engage in better health behaviors shortly after diagnosis, but the majority of cancer survivors do not have better health behaviors than individuals without a history of cancer. However, a consistent pattern of behavioral differences exist between male and female cancer survivors. Implications for Cancer Survivors Gender differences in health behaviors among cancer survivors may be influenced by perceptions of masculinity/femininity and disease risk. Ongoing health behavioral promotion and disease prevention efforts could be improved by addressing these perceptions.