The sequences of 150,119 genomes in the UK Biobank

Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequenci...

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Published inNature (London) Vol. 607; no. 7920; pp. 732 - 740
Main Authors Halldorsson, Bjarni V., Eggertsson, Hannes P., Moore, Kristjan H. S., Hauswedell, Hannes, Eiriksson, Ogmundur, Ulfarsson, Magnus O., Palsson, Gunnar, Hardarson, Marteinn T., Oddsson, Asmundur, Jensson, Brynjar O., Kristmundsdottir, Snaedis, Sigurpalsdottir, Brynja D., Stefansson, Olafur A., Beyter, Doruk, Holley, Guillaume, Tragante, Vinicius, Gylfason, Arnaldur, Olason, Pall I., Zink, Florian, Asgeirsdottir, Margret, Sverrisson, Sverrir T., Sigurdsson, Brynjar, Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A., Sigurdsson, Gunnar T., Halldorsson, Gisli H., Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Norland, Kristjan, Styrkarsdottir, Unnur, Magnusdottir, Droplaug N., Snorradottir, Steinunn, Kristinsson, Kari, Sobech, Emilia, Jonsson, Helgi, Geirsson, Arni J., Olafsson, Isleifur, Jonsson, Palmi, Pedersen, Ole Birger, Erikstrup, Christian, Brunak, Søren, Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Jonsson, Frosti, Melsted, Pall, Jonsdottir, Ingileif, Rafnar, Thorunn, Holm, Hilma, Stefansson, Hreinn, Saemundsdottir, Jona, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Magnusson, Olafur T., Masson, Gisli, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Helgason, Agnar, Jonsson, Hakon, Sulem, Patrick, Stefansson, Kari
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 28.07.2022
Nature Publishing Group
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Abstract Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing of large cohorts with rich phenotypic data 1 , 2 . Here we describe the analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank 3 . This constitutes a set of high-quality variants, including 585,040,410 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, representing 7.0% of all possible human single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 58,707,036 indels. This large set of variants allows us to characterize selection based on sequence variation within a population through a depletion rank score of windows along the genome. Depletion rank analysis shows that coding exons represent a small fraction of regions in the genome subject to strong sequence conservation. We define three cohorts within the UK Biobank: a large British Irish cohort, a smaller African cohort and a South Asian cohort. A haplotype reference panel is provided that allows reliable imputation of most variants carried by three or more sequenced individuals. We identified 895,055 structural variants and 2,536,688 microsatellites, groups of variants typically excluded from large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies. Using this formidable new resource, we provide several examples of trait associations for rare variants with large effects not found previously through studies based on whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation. To measure selection on variants, whole-genome sequencing of approximately 150,000 individuals from the UK Biobank is used to rank sequence variants by their level of depletion.
AbstractList Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing of large cohorts with rich phenotypic data 1 , 2 . Here we describe the analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank 3 . This constitutes a set of high-quality variants, including 585,040,410 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, representing 7.0% of all possible human single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 58,707,036 indels. This large set of variants allows us to characterize selection based on sequence variation within a population through a depletion rank score of windows along the genome. Depletion rank analysis shows that coding exons represent a small fraction of regions in the genome subject to strong sequence conservation. We define three cohorts within the UK Biobank: a large British Irish cohort, a smaller African cohort and a South Asian cohort. A haplotype reference panel is provided that allows reliable imputation of most variants carried by three or more sequenced individuals. We identified 895,055 structural variants and 2,536,688 microsatellites, groups of variants typically excluded from large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies. Using this formidable new resource, we provide several examples of trait associations for rare variants with large effects not found previously through studies based on whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation. To measure selection on variants, whole-genome sequencing of approximately 150,000 individuals from the UK Biobank is used to rank sequence variants by their level of depletion.
Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing of large cohorts with rich phenotypic data1,2. Here we describe the analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank3. This constitutes a set of high-quality variants, including 585,040,410 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, representing 7.0% of all possible human single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 58,707,036 indels. This large set of variants allows us to characterize selection based on sequence variation within a population through a depletion rank score of windows along the genome. Depletion rank analysis shows that coding exons represent a small fraction of regions in the genome subject to strong sequence conservation. We define three cohorts within the UK Biobank: a large British Irish cohort, a smaller African cohort and a South Asian cohort. A haplotype reference panel is provided that allows reliable imputation of most variants carried by three or more sequenced individuals. We identified 895,055 structural variants and 2,536,688 microsatellites, groups of variants typically excluded from large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies. Using this formidable new resource, we provide several examples of trait associations for rare variants with large effects not found previously through studies based on whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation.Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing of large cohorts with rich phenotypic data1,2. Here we describe the analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank3. This constitutes a set of high-quality variants, including 585,040,410 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, representing 7.0% of all possible human single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 58,707,036 indels. This large set of variants allows us to characterize selection based on sequence variation within a population through a depletion rank score of windows along the genome. Depletion rank analysis shows that coding exons represent a small fraction of regions in the genome subject to strong sequence conservation. We define three cohorts within the UK Biobank: a large British Irish cohort, a smaller African cohort and a South Asian cohort. A haplotype reference panel is provided that allows reliable imputation of most variants carried by three or more sequenced individuals. We identified 895,055 structural variants and 2,536,688 microsatellites, groups of variants typically excluded from large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies. Using this formidable new resource, we provide several examples of trait associations for rare variants with large effects not found previously through studies based on whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation.
Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing of large cohorts with rich phenotypic data1,2. Here we describe the analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank3. This constitutes a set of high-quality variants, including 585,040,410 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, representing 7.0% of all possible human single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 58,707,036 indels. This large set ofvariants allows us to characterize selection based on sequence variation within a population through a depletion rank score of windows along the genome. Depletion rank analysis shows that coding exons represent a small fraction of regions in the genome subject to strong sequence conservation. We define three cohorts within the UK Biobank: a large British Irish cohort, a smaller African cohort and a South Asian cohort. A haplotype reference panel is provided that allows reliable imputation of most variants carried by three or more sequenced individuals. We identified 895,055 structural variants and 2,536,688 microsatellites, groups ofvariants typically excluded from large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies. Using this formidable new resource, we provide several examples oftrait associations for rare variants with large effects not found previously through studies based on whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation.
Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing of large cohorts with rich phenotypic data . Here we describe the analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank . This constitutes a set of high-quality variants, including 585,040,410 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, representing 7.0% of all possible human single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 58,707,036 indels. This large set of variants allows us to characterize selection based on sequence variation within a population through a depletion rank score of windows along the genome. Depletion rank analysis shows that coding exons represent a small fraction of regions in the genome subject to strong sequence conservation. We define three cohorts within the UK Biobank: a large British Irish cohort, a smaller African cohort and a South Asian cohort. A haplotype reference panel is provided that allows reliable imputation of most variants carried by three or more sequenced individuals. We identified 895,055 structural variants and 2,536,688 microsatellites, groups of variants typically excluded from large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies. Using this formidable new resource, we provide several examples of trait associations for rare variants with large effects not found previously through studies based on whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation.
Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing of large cohorts with rich phenotypic data 1,2 . Here we describe the analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank 3 . This constitutes a set of high-quality variants, including 585,040,410 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, representing 7.0% of all possible human single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 58,707,036 indels. This large set of variants allows us to characterize selection based on sequence variation within a population through a depletion rank score of windows along the genome. Depletion rank analysis shows that coding exons represent a small fraction of regions in the genome subject to strong sequence conservation. We define three cohorts within the UK Biobank: a large British Irish cohort, a smaller African cohort and a South Asian cohort. A haplotype reference panel is provided that allows reliable imputation of most variants carried by three or more sequenced individuals. We identified 895,055 structural variants and 2,536,688 microsatellites, groups of variants typically excluded from large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies. Using this formidable new resource, we provide several examples of trait associations for rare variants with large effects not found previously through studies based on whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation.
Author Masson, Gisli
Magnusdottir, Droplaug N.
Thorleifsson, Gudmar
Olason, Pall I.
Moore, Kristjan H. S.
Sigurdsson, Gunnar T.
Hauswedell, Hannes
Melsted, Pall
Kristinsson, Kari
Halldorsson, Bjarni V.
Sobech, Emilia
Jonsson, Helgi
Asgeirsdottir, Margret
Pedersen, Ole Birger
Olafsson, Isleifur
Rafnar, Thorunn
Brunak, Søren
Beyter, Doruk
Eggertsson, Hannes P.
Eiriksson, Ogmundur
Kristmundsdottir, Snaedis
Stefansson, Kari
Jonsdottir, Ingileif
Gylfason, Arnaldur
Geirsson, Arni J.
Styrkarsdottir, Unnur
Sigurdsson, Brynjar
Jonsson, Frosti
Hardarson, Marteinn T.
Oddsson, Asmundur
Erikstrup, Christian
Sveinbjornsson, Gardar
Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur
Jonsson, Hakon
Jonsson, Palmi
Halldorsson, Gisli H.
Ostrowski, Sisse Rye
Snorradottir, Steinunn
Holm, Hilma
Palsson, Gunnar
Norland, Kristjan
Gudbjartsson, Daniel F.
Tragante, Vinicius
Jensson, Brynjar O.
Helgason, Agnar
Sulem, Patrick
Sverrisson, Sverrir T.
Saemundsdottir, Jona
Holley, Guillaume
Zink, Florian
Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A.
Ulfarsson, Magnus O.
Sigurpalsdottir, Brynja D.
Magnusson, Olafur T.
Stefans
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35859178$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
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Nyegaard, Mette
Brun, Mie Topholm
Banasik, Karina
Sækmose, Susanne
Larsen, Margit Anita Hørup
Mikkelsen, Susan
Burgdorf, Kristoffer
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Hjalgrim, Henrik
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Dinh, Khoa Manh
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Nielsen, Kasper Rene
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Copyright The Author(s) 2022
2022. The Author(s).
Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jul 28, 2022
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Exons
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Haplotypes
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Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
INDEL Mutation
Ireland - ethnology
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multidisciplinary
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Nucleotides
Phenotypic variations
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Single-nucleotide polymorphism
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Whole Genome Sequencing
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Title The sequences of 150,119 genomes in the UK Biobank
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