Chemical composition of rainwater in a karstic agricultural area, Southwest China: The impact of urbanization

The chemical composition of rainwater has been studied in a karstic agricultural area, Southwest China. Rainwater pH and major ions were measured in samples collected from the town of Puding, Guizhou province, during the rainy season, between March and October 2008. The pH of samples varied between...

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Published inAtmospheric research Vol. 111; pp. 71 - 78
Main Authors Wu, Qixin, Han, Guilin, Tao, Faxiang, Tang, Yang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.07.2012
Elsevier
Subjects
Agricultural area
Agricultural chemicals
Chemical composition
China
Concentration (composition)
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Karst
Karstic areas
Meteorology
Rainwater
Rock
Southwest
Southwest China
Southwest China
Far East
Asia
China
China, People's Rep., Guizhou Prov
Rainwater
Chemical composition
Karst
Southwest China
Agricultural area
atmospheric precipitation
aerosols
neutralization
Backward trajectory
rain water
urban areas
urbanization
Ion composition
Sulfur dioxide
desertification
acidity
Correlation analysis
pH
acid rains
Rainy season
chemical composition
dust
Comparative study
Anthropogenic factor
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Abstract The chemical composition of rainwater has been studied in a karstic agricultural area, Southwest China. Rainwater pH and major ions were measured in samples collected from the town of Puding, Guizhou province, during the rainy season, between March and October 2008. The pH of samples varied between 4.6 and 7.1, with a volume-weighted mean (VWM) of 5.4. These relatively high-pH values do not signify a lack of acid components in the precipitation; instead, they demonstrate neutralization of acidity. Ca2+ and NH4+ were the dominant cations in the rainwater, with VWM concentrations of 156 and 33μeq/L, respectively. SO42− was the predominant anion, with a VWM concentration of 152μeq/L, followed by NO3− (17μeq/L). Our results show that most of the acidity in the collected samples was neutralized by Ca2+-rich alkaline soil dusts. We compared our findings with other areas of China that experience acid rain. The concentration of ions in Puding rainwater generally exceeded that reported in southern China but was lower than in northern China. This is probably due to karst rock desertification, which could provide the atmosphere with a source of alkaline dust. From back-trajectory analysis, correlation studies, and a comparison of major ion composition with other selected sites worldwide, we conclude that the rainwater ion composition of Puding is more significantly influenced by terrestrial and anthropogenic sources (mainly due to industrial and traffic emissions in surrounding large cities), rather than by marine sources. ► The chemical composition of rainwater collected in a typical agricultural site in China. ► The pH value was higher than expected due to neutralization by alkaline dust particles. ► Rock desertification of karst may provide the alkaline dust to the atmosphere. ► Results suggest the pollution transported from cities in the surrounding area.
AbstractList The chemical composition of rainwater has been studied in a karstic agricultural area, Southwest China. Rainwater pH and major ions were measured in samples collected from the town of Puding, Guizhou province, during the rainy season, between March and October 2008. The pH of samples varied between 4.6 and 7.1, with a volume-weighted mean (VWM) of 5.4. These relatively high-pH values do not signify a lack of acid components in the precipitation; instead, they demonstrate neutralization of acidity. Ca2+ and NH4 + were the dominant cations in the rainwater, with VWM concentrations of 156 and 33 mu eq/L, respectively. SO4 2- was the predominant anion, with a VWM concentration of 152 mu eq/L, followed by NO3 - (17 mu eq/L). Our results show that most of the acidity in the collected samples was neutralized by Ca2+-rich alkaline soil dusts. We compared our findings with other areas of China that experience acid rain. The concentration of ions in Puding rainwater generally exceeded that reported in southern China but was lower than in northern China. This is probably due to karst rock desertification, which could provide the atmosphere with a source of alkaline dust. From back-trajectory analysis, correlation studies, and a comparison of major ion composition with other selected sites worldwide, we conclude that the rainwater ion composition of Puding is more significantly influenced by terrestrial and anthropogenic sources (mainly due to industrial and traffic emissions in surrounding large cities), rather than by marine sources.
The chemical composition of rainwater has been studied in a karstic agricultural area, Southwest China. Rainwater pH and major ions were measured in samples collected from the town of Puding, Guizhou province, during the rainy season, between March and October 2008. The pH of samples varied between 4.6 and 7.1, with a volume-weighted mean (VWM) of 5.4. These relatively high-pH values do not signify a lack of acid components in the precipitation; instead, they demonstrate neutralization of acidity. Ca2+ and NH4+ were the dominant cations in the rainwater, with VWM concentrations of 156 and 33 mu eq/L, respectively. SO42- was the predominant anion, with a VWM concentration of 152 mu eq/L, followed by NO3- (17 mu eq/L). Our results show that most of the acidity in the collected samples was neutralized by Ca2+-rich alkaline soil dusts. We compared our findings with other areas of China that experience acid rain. The concentration of ions in Puding rainwater generally exceeded that reported in southern China but was lower than in northern China. This is probably due to karst rock desertification, which could provide the atmosphere with a source of alkaline dust. From back-trajectory analysis, correlation studies, and a comparison of major ion composition with other selected sites worldwide, we conclude that the rainwater ion composition of Puding is more significantly influenced by terrestrial and anthropogenic sources (mainly due to industrial and traffic emissions in surrounding large cities), rather than by marine sources.
The chemical composition of rainwater has been studied in a karstic agricultural area, Southwest China. Rainwater pH and major ions were measured in samples collected from the town of Puding, Guizhou province, during the rainy season, between March and October 2008. The pH of samples varied between 4.6 and 7.1, with a volume-weighted mean (VWM) of 5.4. These relatively high-pH values do not signify a lack of acid components in the precipitation; instead, they demonstrate neutralization of acidity. Ca2+ and NH4+ were the dominant cations in the rainwater, with VWM concentrations of 156 and 33μeq/L, respectively. SO42− was the predominant anion, with a VWM concentration of 152μeq/L, followed by NO3− (17μeq/L). Our results show that most of the acidity in the collected samples was neutralized by Ca2+-rich alkaline soil dusts. We compared our findings with other areas of China that experience acid rain. The concentration of ions in Puding rainwater generally exceeded that reported in southern China but was lower than in northern China. This is probably due to karst rock desertification, which could provide the atmosphere with a source of alkaline dust. From back-trajectory analysis, correlation studies, and a comparison of major ion composition with other selected sites worldwide, we conclude that the rainwater ion composition of Puding is more significantly influenced by terrestrial and anthropogenic sources (mainly due to industrial and traffic emissions in surrounding large cities), rather than by marine sources. ► The chemical composition of rainwater collected in a typical agricultural site in China. ► The pH value was higher than expected due to neutralization by alkaline dust particles. ► Rock desertification of karst may provide the alkaline dust to the atmosphere. ► Results suggest the pollution transported from cities in the surrounding area.
Author Tao, Faxiang
Wu, Qixin
Han, Guilin
Tang, Yang
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Qixin
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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  givenname: Guilin
  surname: Han
  fullname: Han, Guilin
  email: hanguilin@vip.skleg.cn
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  givenname: Faxiang
  surname: Tao
  fullname: Tao, Faxiang
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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  givenname: Yang
  surname: Tang
  fullname: Tang, Yang
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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Keywords Rainwater
Chemical composition
Karst
Southwest China
Agricultural area
atmospheric precipitation
aerosols
neutralization
Backward trajectory
rain water
urban areas
urbanization
Ion composition
Sulfur dioxide
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acid rains
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chemical composition
dust
Comparative study
Anthropogenic factor
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Snippet The chemical composition of rainwater has been studied in a karstic agricultural area, Southwest China. Rainwater pH and major ions were measured in samples...
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SubjectTerms Agricultural area
Agricultural chemicals
Chemical composition
China
Concentration (composition)
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Karst
Karstic areas
Meteorology
Rainwater
Rock
Southwest
Southwest China
Title Chemical composition of rainwater in a karstic agricultural area, Southwest China: The impact of urbanization
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.002
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1017982345
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Volume 111
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