Evidence towards a continuum of impairment across neurodevelopmental disorders from basic ocular-motor tasks

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 16521 - 17
• Main Authors: Canu, Daniela, Ioannou, Chara, Müller, Katarina, Martin, Berthold, Fleischhaker, Christian, Biscaldi, Monica, Beauducel, André, Smyrnis, Nikolaos, van Elst, Ludger Tebartz, Klein, Christoph
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 03.10.2022; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/477/2811; 692/699/476; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autism; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain research; Child & adolescent psychiatry; Cognition & reasoning; Cognitive ability; Cognitive Dysfunction; Comorbidity; Eye movements; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Hyperactivity; Hypotheses; Inhibition, Psychological; Memory; Mental disorders; multidisciplinary; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Pathophysiology; Psychotherapy; Schizophrenia; Science; Science (multidisciplinary)
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19661-z

Findings of genetic overlap between Schizophrenia, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) contributed to a renewed conceptualization of these disorders as laying on a continuum based on aetiological, pathophysiological and neurodevelopmental features. Given that cognitive impairments are core to their pathophysiology, we compared patients with schizophrenia, ADHD, ASD, and controls on ocular-motor and manual-motor tasks, challenging crucial cognitive processes. Group comparisons revealed inhibition deficits common to all disorders, increased intra-subject variability in schizophrenia and, to a lesser extent, ADHD as well as slowed processing in schizophrenia. Patterns of deviancies from controls exhibited strong correlations, along with differences that posited schizophrenia as the most impaired group, followed by ASD and ADHD. While vector correlations point towards a common neurodevelopmental continuum of impairment, vector levels suggest differences in the severity of such impairment. These findings argue towards a dimensional approach to Neurodevelopmental Disorders’ pathophysiological mechanisms.