Cognitive frailty is a robust predictor of falls, injuries, and disability among community-dwelling older adults
Abstract Background Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there is limited information if cognitive frailty predicts the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. In this study, we aimed to d...
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Published in | BMC geriatrics Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 1 - 593 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London
BioMed Central Ltd
25.10.2021
BioMed Central BMC |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | Abstract
Background
Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there is limited information if cognitive frailty predicts the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. In this study, we aimed to determine the ability of cognitive frailty in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries and disability among multi-ethnic older adults in Malaysia at 5 years follow-up.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study, a total of 400 participants aged 60 years and above were successfully followed up at 5 years. Participants’ socio-demographic, medical history, psycho-social, physical, cognitive and dietary intake information was obtained. Cognitive frailty was defined as comorbid physical frailty (
>
1 Fried criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Petersen criteria). Univariate analysis was performed for all variables, followed by hierarchical binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis to identify the ability of CF in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. The significant value was set at
p
< 0.05.
Results
Cognitive frailty was found to be associated with greater risk of adverse consequences after adjusting for covariates. Both cognitive frailty (Adjusted Odd ratio (Adj OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78–4.99,
p
< 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.19–6.99, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of incidence of falls. Risk of injuries was also significantly increased with the presence of cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.23–7.60, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.75–5.28, p < 0.05). In addition, cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.11–24.21, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.11–22.57, p < 0.05) were shown to significantly predict the incidence of disability among older adults.
Conclusion
Cognitive frailty is a robust predictor of falls, injuries, and disability in older adults. Possible early multi-domain preventive and management strategies of cognitive frailty that contribute to adverse consequences are required to decrease further functional decline and promote independence in older adults. |
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AbstractList | Abstract
Background
Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there is limited information if cognitive frailty predicts the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. In this study, we aimed to determine the ability of cognitive frailty in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries and disability among multi-ethnic older adults in Malaysia at 5 years follow-up.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study, a total of 400 participants aged 60 years and above were successfully followed up at 5 years. Participants’ socio-demographic, medical history, psycho-social, physical, cognitive and dietary intake information was obtained. Cognitive frailty was defined as comorbid physical frailty (
>
1 Fried criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Petersen criteria). Univariate analysis was performed for all variables, followed by hierarchical binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis to identify the ability of CF in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. The significant value was set at
p
< 0.05.
Results
Cognitive frailty was found to be associated with greater risk of adverse consequences after adjusting for covariates. Both cognitive frailty (Adjusted Odd ratio (Adj OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78–4.99,
p
< 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.19–6.99, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of incidence of falls. Risk of injuries was also significantly increased with the presence of cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.23–7.60, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.75–5.28, p < 0.05). In addition, cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.11–24.21, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.11–22.57, p < 0.05) were shown to significantly predict the incidence of disability among older adults.
Conclusion
Cognitive frailty is a robust predictor of falls, injuries, and disability in older adults. Possible early multi-domain preventive and management strategies of cognitive frailty that contribute to adverse consequences are required to decrease further functional decline and promote independence in older adults. Background Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there is limited information if cognitive frailty predicts the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. In this study, we aimed to determine the ability of cognitive frailty in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries and disability among multi-ethnic older adults in Malaysia at 5 years follow-up. Methods In this prospective cohort study, a total of 400 participants aged 60 years and above were successfully followed up at 5 years. Participants' socio-demographic, medical history, psycho-social, physical, cognitive and dietary intake information was obtained. Cognitive frailty was defined as comorbid physical frailty ( 1 Fried criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Petersen criteria). Univariate analysis was performed for all variables, followed by hierarchical binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis to identify the ability of CF in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. The significant value was set at p < 0.05. Results Cognitive frailty was found to be associated with greater risk of adverse consequences after adjusting for covariates. Both cognitive frailty (Adjusted Odd ratio (Adj OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-4.99, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.19-6.99, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of incidence of falls. Risk of injuries was also significantly increased with the presence of cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.23-7.60, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.75-5.28, p < 0.05). In addition, cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.11-24.21, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.11-22.57, p < 0.05) were shown to significantly predict the incidence of disability among older adults. Conclusion Cognitive frailty is a robust predictor of falls, injuries, and disability in older adults. Possible early multi-domain preventive and management strategies of cognitive frailty that contribute to adverse consequences are required to decrease further functional decline and promote independence in older adults. Keywords: Cognitive frailty, Falls, Injuries, Disability, Incidence, Predictors, Older adults Abstract Background Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there is limited information if cognitive frailty predicts the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. In this study, we aimed to determine the ability of cognitive frailty in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries and disability among multi-ethnic older adults in Malaysia at 5 years follow-up. Methods In this prospective cohort study, a total of 400 participants aged 60 years and above were successfully followed up at 5 years. Participants’ socio-demographic, medical history, psycho-social, physical, cognitive and dietary intake information was obtained. Cognitive frailty was defined as comorbid physical frailty (> 1 Fried criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Petersen criteria). Univariate analysis was performed for all variables, followed by hierarchical binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis to identify the ability of CF in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. The significant value was set at p < 0.05. Results Cognitive frailty was found to be associated with greater risk of adverse consequences after adjusting for covariates. Both cognitive frailty (Adjusted Odd ratio (Adj OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78–4.99, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.19–6.99, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of incidence of falls. Risk of injuries was also significantly increased with the presence of cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.23–7.60, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.75–5.28, p < 0.05). In addition, cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.11–24.21, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.11–22.57, p < 0.05) were shown to significantly predict the incidence of disability among older adults. Conclusion Cognitive frailty is a robust predictor of falls, injuries, and disability in older adults. Possible early multi-domain preventive and management strategies of cognitive frailty that contribute to adverse consequences are required to decrease further functional decline and promote independence in older adults. Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there is limited information if cognitive frailty predicts the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. In this study, we aimed to determine the ability of cognitive frailty in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries and disability among multi-ethnic older adults in Malaysia at 5 years follow-up. In this prospective cohort study, a total of 400 participants aged 60 years and above were successfully followed up at 5 years. Participants' socio-demographic, medical history, psycho-social, physical, cognitive and dietary intake information was obtained. Cognitive frailty was defined as comorbid physical frailty ( 1 Fried criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Petersen criteria). Univariate analysis was performed for all variables, followed by hierarchical binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis to identify the ability of CF in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. The significant value was set at p < 0.05. Cognitive frailty was found to be associated with greater risk of adverse consequences after adjusting for covariates. Both cognitive frailty (Adjusted Odd ratio (Adj OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-4.99, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.19-6.99, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of incidence of falls. Risk of injuries was also significantly increased with the presence of cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.23-7.60, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.75-5.28, p < 0.05). In addition, cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.11-24.21, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.11-22.57, p < 0.05) were shown to significantly predict the incidence of disability among older adults. Cognitive frailty is a robust predictor of falls, injuries, and disability in older adults. Possible early multi-domain preventive and management strategies of cognitive frailty that contribute to adverse consequences are required to decrease further functional decline and promote independence in older adults. BACKGROUNDCognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there is limited information if cognitive frailty predicts the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. In this study, we aimed to determine the ability of cognitive frailty in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries and disability among multi-ethnic older adults in Malaysia at 5 years follow-up. METHODSIn this prospective cohort study, a total of 400 participants aged 60 years and above were successfully followed up at 5 years. Participants' socio-demographic, medical history, psycho-social, physical, cognitive and dietary intake information was obtained. Cognitive frailty was defined as comorbid physical frailty (> 1 Fried criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Petersen criteria). Univariate analysis was performed for all variables, followed by hierarchical binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis to identify the ability of CF in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. The significant value was set at p < 0.05. RESULTSCognitive frailty was found to be associated with greater risk of adverse consequences after adjusting for covariates. Both cognitive frailty (Adjusted Odd ratio (Adj OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-4.99, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.19-6.99, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of incidence of falls. Risk of injuries was also significantly increased with the presence of cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.23-7.60, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.75-5.28, p < 0.05). In addition, cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.11-24.21, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.11-22.57, p < 0.05) were shown to significantly predict the incidence of disability among older adults. CONCLUSIONCognitive frailty is a robust predictor of falls, injuries, and disability in older adults. Possible early multi-domain preventive and management strategies of cognitive frailty that contribute to adverse consequences are required to decrease further functional decline and promote independence in older adults. Background Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there is limited information if cognitive frailty predicts the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. In this study, we aimed to determine the ability of cognitive frailty in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries and disability among multi-ethnic older adults in Malaysia at 5 years follow-up. Methods In this prospective cohort study, a total of 400 participants aged 60 years and above were successfully followed up at 5 years. Participants’ socio-demographic, medical history, psycho-social, physical, cognitive and dietary intake information was obtained. Cognitive frailty was defined as comorbid physical frailty (> 1 Fried criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Petersen criteria). Univariate analysis was performed for all variables, followed by hierarchical binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis to identify the ability of CF in predicting the incidence of falls, injuries, and disability. The significant value was set at p < 0.05. Results Cognitive frailty was found to be associated with greater risk of adverse consequences after adjusting for covariates. Both cognitive frailty (Adjusted Odd ratio (Adj OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78–4.99, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.19–6.99, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of incidence of falls. Risk of injuries was also significantly increased with the presence of cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.23–7.60, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.75–5.28, p < 0.05). In addition, cognitive frailty (Adj OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.11–24.21, p < 0.05) and physical frailty (Adj OR = 4.99, 95% CI: 1.11–22.57, p < 0.05) were shown to significantly predict the incidence of disability among older adults. Conclusion Cognitive frailty is a robust predictor of falls, injuries, and disability in older adults. Possible early multi-domain preventive and management strategies of cognitive frailty that contribute to adverse consequences are required to decrease further functional decline and promote independence in older adults. |
ArticleNumber | 593 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Rajab, Nor Fadilah Singh, Devinder Kaur Ajit Shahar, Suzana Din, Normah Che Wen, Goh Jing Rivan, Nurul Fatin Malek Mahadzir, Hazlina Kamaruddin, Mohd Zul Amin |
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References | KH Lim (2525_CR20) 2014; 9 LP Fried (2525_CR1) 2001; 56 NF Malek Rivan (2525_CR39) 2019; 14 2525_CR19 M Michaud (2525_CR56) 2013; 14 K Uusi-Rasi (2525_CR47) 2015; 175 A Mirelman (2525_CR51) 2012; 7 2525_CR16 2525_CR11 S Shahar (2525_CR38) 2000; 6 LK Lee (2525_CR28) 2012; 54 D Zhao (2525_CR52) 2020; 66 NA Ahmad (2525_CR50) 2017; 17 2525_CR4 World Health Organization (2525_CR14) 2007 JA Haagsma (2525_CR21) 2020; 26 AMK Harmsen (2525_CR45) 2016; 28 SG Sazlina (2525_CR53) 2018; 9 TM Gill (2525_CR48) 2013; 178 NFM Rivan (2525_CR13) 2019; 14 ME Hughes (2525_CR32) 2004; 26 K Tsutsumimoto (2525_CR24) 2020; 24 DF Hultsch (2525_CR34) 1999; 2 R Razali (2525_CR35) 2014; 55 CJ Jones (2525_CR37) 2002; 1 2525_CR41 BL Fischer (2525_CR54) 2014; 94 2525_CR9 DKA Singh (2525_CR17) 2019; 19 C Graf (2525_CR33) 2008; 108 RA Washburn (2525_CR29) 1993; 46 S Pengpid (2525_CR23) 2018; 2018 RR Murukesu (2525_CR57) 2020; 8 S Shahar (2525_CR26) 2015; 28 V Solfrizzi (2525_CR55) 2017; 25 2525_CR31 NFM Rivan (2525_CR12) 2020; 17 K Tsutsumimoto (2525_CR22) 2018; 22 G Andrews (2525_CR30) 2009; 4 MM Montero-Odasso (2525_CR40) 2016; 71 RC Petersen (2525_CR27) 2014; 275 DKA Singh (2525_CR44) 2015; 10 A Ibrahim (2525_CR15) 2017; 10 F Panza (2525_CR3) 2015; 47 M Roppolo (2525_CR7) 2017; 21 A Clegg (2525_CR2) 2013; 381 UY Yeong (2525_CR6) 2016; 11 H Makizako (2525_CR8) 2015; 5 N Deshpande (2525_CR43) 2008; 56 K Spaniolas (2525_CR49) 2010; 69 H Shimada (2525_CR5) 2016; 11 JS Williams (2525_CR18) 2015; 13 2525_CR25 L Feng (2525_CR10) 2017; 72 H Blain (2525_CR46) 2014; 81 D Wechsler (2525_CR36) 1994 BJ Jefferis (2525_CR42) 2014; 14 |
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Background
Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults.... Background Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there... Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there is limited... BACKGROUNDCognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults. However, there... Abstract Background Cognitive frailty, a combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is associated with functional decline in older adults.... |
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SubjectTerms | Activities of daily living Body composition Cognition disorders in old age Cognitive ability Cognitive frailty Complications and side effects Dementia Dietary intake Disability Falls Falls (Accidents) Frail elderly Frailty Geriatrics Health aspects Incidence Injuries Muscle weakness Older people Predictors Psychological aspects Questionnaires Risk factors Wounds and injuries |
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Title | Cognitive frailty is a robust predictor of falls, injuries, and disability among community-dwelling older adults |
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