Genome and transcriptome profiling of spontaneous preterm birth phenotypes

Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm birth following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study aimed to identify ear...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inScientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 1003 - 10
Main Authors Gupta, Juhi K., Care, Angharad, Goodfellow, Laura, Alfirevic, Zarko, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Alfirevic, Ana
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 19.01.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
631/208
631/553
692/308/2056
692/53
Adult
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Birth
Female
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture - blood
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture - diagnosis
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture - genetics
Forkhead Transcription Factors - genetics
Foxp3 protein
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene mapping
Genetic analysis
Genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomes
Gestation
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immune response
Inflammation
MicroRNAs
miRNA
multidisciplinary
Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics
Phenotypes
PPAR gamma - genetics
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Outcome
Premature birth
Premature Birth - blood
Premature Birth - diagnosis
Premature Birth - genetics
Quantitative Trait Loci
Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics
Risk factors
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Transcription
Transcriptomes
Transcriptomics
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm birth following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study aimed to identify early pregnancy biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM from the maternal genome and transcriptome. Pregnant women were recruited at the Liverpool Women’s Hospital. Pregnancy outcomes were categorised as SPTB, PPROM (≤ 34 weeks gestation, n = 53), high-risk term (HTERM, ≥ 37 weeks, n = 126) or low-risk (no history of SPTB/PPROM) term (LTERM, ≥ 39 weeks, n = 188). Blood samples were collected at 16 and 20 weeks gestation from which, genome (UK Biobank Axiom array) and transcriptome (Clariom D Human assay) data were acquired. PLINK and R were used to perform genetic association and differential expression analyses and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Several significant molecular signatures were identified across the analyses in preterm cases. Genome-wide significant SNP rs14675645 ( ASTN1 ) was associated with SPTB whereas microRNA-142 transcript and PPARG1-FOXP3 gene set were associated with PPROM at week 20 of gestation and is related to inflammation and immune response. This study has determined genomic and transcriptomic candidate biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM that require validation in diverse populations.
AbstractList Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm birth following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study aimed to identify early pregnancy biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM from the maternal genome and transcriptome. Pregnant women were recruited at the Liverpool Women's Hospital. Pregnancy outcomes were categorised as SPTB, PPROM (≤ 34 weeks gestation, n = 53), high-risk term (HTERM, ≥ 37 weeks, n = 126) or low-risk (no history of SPTB/PPROM) term (LTERM, ≥ 39 weeks, n = 188). Blood samples were collected at 16 and 20 weeks gestation from which, genome (UK Biobank Axiom array) and transcriptome (Clariom D Human assay) data were acquired. PLINK and R were used to perform genetic association and differential expression analyses and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Several significant molecular signatures were identified across the analyses in preterm cases. Genome-wide significant SNP rs14675645 (ASTN1) was associated with SPTB whereas microRNA-142 transcript and PPARG1-FOXP3 gene set were associated with PPROM at week 20 of gestation and is related to inflammation and immune response. This study has determined genomic and transcriptomic candidate biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM that require validation in diverse populations.
Abstract Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm birth following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study aimed to identify early pregnancy biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM from the maternal genome and transcriptome. Pregnant women were recruited at the Liverpool Women’s Hospital. Pregnancy outcomes were categorised as SPTB, PPROM (≤ 34 weeks gestation, n = 53), high-risk term (HTERM, ≥ 37 weeks, n = 126) or low-risk (no history of SPTB/PPROM) term (LTERM, ≥ 39 weeks, n = 188). Blood samples were collected at 16 and 20 weeks gestation from which, genome (UK Biobank Axiom array) and transcriptome (Clariom D Human assay) data were acquired. PLINK and R were used to perform genetic association and differential expression analyses and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Several significant molecular signatures were identified across the analyses in preterm cases. Genome-wide significant SNP rs14675645 (ASTN1) was associated with SPTB whereas microRNA-142 transcript and PPARG1-FOXP3 gene set were associated with PPROM at week 20 of gestation and is related to inflammation and immune response. This study has determined genomic and transcriptomic candidate biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM that require validation in diverse populations.
Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm birth following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study aimed to identify early pregnancy biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM from the maternal genome and transcriptome. Pregnant women were recruited at the Liverpool Women’s Hospital. Pregnancy outcomes were categorised as SPTB, PPROM (≤ 34 weeks gestation, n = 53), high-risk term (HTERM, ≥ 37 weeks, n = 126) or low-risk (no history of SPTB/PPROM) term (LTERM, ≥ 39 weeks, n = 188). Blood samples were collected at 16 and 20 weeks gestation from which, genome (UK Biobank Axiom array) and transcriptome (Clariom D Human assay) data were acquired. PLINK and R were used to perform genetic association and differential expression analyses and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Several significant molecular signatures were identified across the analyses in preterm cases. Genome-wide significant SNP rs14675645 ( ASTN1 ) was associated with SPTB whereas microRNA-142 transcript and PPARG1-FOXP3 gene set were associated with PPROM at week 20 of gestation and is related to inflammation and immune response. This study has determined genomic and transcriptomic candidate biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM that require validation in diverse populations.
Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm birth following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study aimed to identify early pregnancy biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM from the maternal genome and transcriptome. Pregnant women were recruited at the Liverpool Women’s Hospital. Pregnancy outcomes were categorised as SPTB, PPROM (≤ 34 weeks gestation, n = 53), high-risk term (HTERM, ≥ 37 weeks, n = 126) or low-risk (no history of SPTB/PPROM) term (LTERM, ≥ 39 weeks, n = 188). Blood samples were collected at 16 and 20 weeks gestation from which, genome (UK Biobank Axiom array) and transcriptome (Clariom D Human assay) data were acquired. PLINK and R were used to perform genetic association and differential expression analyses and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Several significant molecular signatures were identified across the analyses in preterm cases. Genome-wide significant SNP rs14675645 (ASTN1) was associated with SPTB whereas microRNA-142 transcript and PPARG1-FOXP3 gene set were associated with PPROM at week 20 of gestation and is related to inflammation and immune response. This study has determined genomic and transcriptomic candidate biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM that require validation in diverse populations.
Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm birth following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study aimed to identify early pregnancy biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM from the maternal genome and transcriptome. Pregnant women were recruited at the Liverpool Women's Hospital. Pregnancy outcomes were categorised as SPTB, PPROM (≤ 34 weeks gestation, n = 53), high-risk term (HTERM, ≥ 37 weeks, n = 126) or low-risk (no history of SPTB/PPROM) term (LTERM, ≥ 39 weeks, n = 188). Blood samples were collected at 16 and 20 weeks gestation from which, genome (UK Biobank Axiom array) and transcriptome (Clariom D Human assay) data were acquired. PLINK and R were used to perform genetic association and differential expression analyses and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Several significant molecular signatures were identified across the analyses in preterm cases. Genome-wide significant SNP rs14675645 (ASTN1) was associated with SPTB whereas microRNA-142 transcript and PPARG1-FOXP3 gene set were associated with PPROM at week 20 of gestation and is related to inflammation and immune response. This study has determined genomic and transcriptomic candidate biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM that require validation in diverse populations.Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and preterm birth following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). This study aimed to identify early pregnancy biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM from the maternal genome and transcriptome. Pregnant women were recruited at the Liverpool Women's Hospital. Pregnancy outcomes were categorised as SPTB, PPROM (≤ 34 weeks gestation, n = 53), high-risk term (HTERM, ≥ 37 weeks, n = 126) or low-risk (no history of SPTB/PPROM) term (LTERM, ≥ 39 weeks, n = 188). Blood samples were collected at 16 and 20 weeks gestation from which, genome (UK Biobank Axiom array) and transcriptome (Clariom D Human assay) data were acquired. PLINK and R were used to perform genetic association and differential expression analyses and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. Several significant molecular signatures were identified across the analyses in preterm cases. Genome-wide significant SNP rs14675645 (ASTN1) was associated with SPTB whereas microRNA-142 transcript and PPARG1-FOXP3 gene set were associated with PPROM at week 20 of gestation and is related to inflammation and immune response. This study has determined genomic and transcriptomic candidate biomarkers of SPTB and PPROM that require validation in diverse populations.
ArticleNumber 1003
Author Goodfellow, Laura
Müller-Myhsok, Bertram
Gupta, Juhi K.
Alfirevic, Ana
Care, Angharad
Alfirevic, Zarko
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Juhi K.
  surname: Gupta
  fullname: Gupta, Juhi K.
  email: J.Gupta@liverpool.ac.uk
  organization: Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Harris-Wellbeing Research Centre, University Department, Liverpool Women’s Hospital
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Angharad
  surname: Care
  fullname: Care, Angharad
  organization: Harris-Wellbeing Research Centre, University Department, Liverpool Women’s Hospital
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Laura
  surname: Goodfellow
  fullname: Goodfellow, Laura
  organization: Harris-Wellbeing Research Centre, University Department, Liverpool Women’s Hospital
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Zarko
  surname: Alfirevic
  fullname: Alfirevic, Zarko
  organization: Harris-Wellbeing Research Centre, University Department, Liverpool Women’s Hospital
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Bertram
  surname: Müller-Myhsok
  fullname: Müller-Myhsok, Bertram
  organization: Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Ana
  surname: Alfirevic
  fullname: Alfirevic, Ana
  organization: Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Harris-Wellbeing Research Centre, University Department, Liverpool Women’s Hospital
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35046466$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kk1PHSEUhkljU631D3TRTNJNN1P5Htg0aUxrNSbduCfAMPdyMwNT4Dbx38vc0VZdyALI4X0fDofzHhyFGBwAHxH8iiAR55kiJkULMW4hFQK18A04wZCyFhOMj57sj8FZzjtYB8OSIvkOHBMGKaecn4DrSxfi5Bod-qYkHbJNfi5LZE5x8KMPmyYOTZ5jKDq4uM_1wBWXpsb4VLbNvK2Acje7_AG8HfSY3dnDegpuf_64vfjV3vy-vLr4ftNaRmFpuw4aDK2Wg3WEd0QKUieOXTf0SDI7EIEZ6qUjhjvMGOkNssIIox2TkJFTcLVi-6h3ak5-0ulORe3VIRDTRulUvB2dgqg3tTQIamhox7ChvMdkEP2AuLRIVta3lTXvzeR660KtwfgM-vwk-K3axL9K1Fd0mFbAlwdAin_2Lhc1-WzdOK61UphjxDnu-HLX5xfSXdynUCt1UCEooYBV9elpRv9SefyxKhCrwKaYc3KDsr7o4uOSoB8VgmrpD7X2h6r9oQ79oRY2fmF9pL9qIqspV3HYuPQ_7Vdc974fzIU
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_ijtm4010002
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0294948
crossref_primary_10_1007_s43032_023_01287_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eurox_2025_100371
crossref_primary_10_3233_NPM_230228
crossref_primary_10_1002_ijgo_16056
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42979_024_02901_6
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms252011192
crossref_primary_10_1007_s43032_022_01087_7
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0316297
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejogrb_2023_03_003
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12940_023_01027_1
crossref_primary_10_1017_erm_2022_13
crossref_primary_10_3390_genes13122255
Cites_doi 10.1080/14767058.2020.1745178
10.1038/ng2088
10.1038/s41598-017-00713-8
10.1371/journal.pone.0079231
10.1080/15592294.2015.1006498
10.1038/ng.3679
10.1056/NEJMoa1612665
10.1001/jama.283.12.1591
10.1002/mpr.1608
10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4
10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00215-9
10.1038/nrg1379
10.1186/s13742-015-0047-8
10.1038/ng.3656
10.1134/S0006297919090062
10.1126/science.1251816
10.1038/cmi.2014.46
10.1093/bioinformatics/bts163
10.4049/jimmunol.1500758
10.1093/bioinformatics/btq419
10.1093/hmg/ddt669
10.1038/nature11132
10.1186/s12859-017-1559-2
10.1038/sj.jp.7211806
10.1093/bioinformatics/btq431
10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181dffcdb
10.1038/ng.3312
10.2217/epi-2017-0082
10.1038/nprot.2010.116
10.1038/nrg2796
10.1038/s41467-017-01261-5
10.1097/NNR.0000000000000200
10.1371/journal.pone.0108578
10.1038/nature05911
10.1136/archdischild-2015-309581
10.1016/S0002-9378(16)30277-0
10.1038/s41598-019-42166-1
10.1002/uog.19118
10.1186/1471-2164-10-22
10.1016/0002-9378(92)91636-O
10.1093/nar/gkv007
10.1186/s12884-016-0823-1
10.1016/j.ajog.2006.09.002
10.1016/j.clp.2017.01.003
10.1080/00016340802005126
10.3389/fgene.2019.00034
10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70111-0
10.5114/aoms.2010.14467
10.1007/s00439-008-0547-z
10.1038/ncomms9234
10.21105/joss.00731
10.1038/nature04226
10.2217/pgs.11.185
10.1016/j.ajog.2006.03.059
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00625.x
10.1093/nar/gkx1132
10.1042/BST0361224
10.1038/nature02168
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2022. corrected publication 2022
2022. The Author(s).
The Author(s) 2022. corrected publication 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2022. corrected publication 2022
– notice: 2022. The Author(s).
– notice: The Author(s) 2022. corrected publication 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7X7
7XB
88A
88E
88I
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M2P
M7P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-04881-0
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Biology Database (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Science Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection (ProQuest)
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database
Science Database
Biological Science Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Open Access Full Text
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Science Journals
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE


CrossRef

Publicly Available Content Database
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: C6C
  name: Springer Nature OA Free Journals
  url: http://www.springeropen.com/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 3
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 5
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 2045-2322
EndPage 10
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_01db88110a0b4752b46d23f8df169c19
PMC8770724
35046466
10_1038_s41598_022_04881_0
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Wellbeing of Women
  grantid: Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth Centre
  funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000325
– fundername: Wellbeing of Women
  grantid: Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth Centre
– fundername: Wellcome Trust
– fundername: Wellcome Trust
  grantid: 090532/Z/09/Z
– fundername: ;
  grantid: Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth Centre
GroupedDBID 0R~
3V.
4.4
53G
5VS
7X7
88A
88E
88I
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
AAFWJ
AAJSJ
AAKDD
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACGFS
ACSMW
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AENEX
AEUYN
AFKRA
AJTQC
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
AZQEC
BAWUL
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
DIK
DWQXO
EBD
EBLON
EBS
ESX
FYUFA
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
KQ8
LK8
M0L
M1P
M2P
M48
M7P
M~E
NAO
OK1
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RNT
RNTTT
RPM
SNYQT
UKHRP
AASML
AAYXX
AFPKN
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7XB
8FK
K9.
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
AARCD
5PM
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-770b20ca9fce367398373962e7fd195cf38251d9e3b6e2553db1c8b8bae59053
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 2045-2322
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:26:16 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:43:12 EDT 2025
Tue Aug 05 11:10:49 EDT 2025
Sat Aug 23 12:46:13 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:09:29 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:09:40 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 01:34:17 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:40:21 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License 2022. The Author(s).
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c540t-770b20ca9fce367398373962e7fd195cf38251d9e3b6e2553db1c8b8bae59053
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1038/s41598-022-04881-0
PMID 35046466
PQID 2621109080
PQPubID 2041939
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_01db88110a0b4752b46d23f8df169c19
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8770724
proquest_miscellaneous_2621662769
proquest_journals_2621109080
pubmed_primary_35046466
crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_s41598_022_04881_0
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_04881_0
springer_journals_10_1038_s41598_022_04881_0
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-01-19
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-01-19
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-01-19
  day: 19
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
PublicationTitle Scientific reports
PublicationTitleAbbrev Sci Rep
PublicationTitleAlternate Sci Rep
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
– name: Nature Portfolio
References Lappalainen, Almeida-King, Kumanduri, Senf, Spalding, Ur-Rehman (CR45) 2015; 47
Langmia, Apalasamy, Omar, Mohamed (CR11) 2016; 29
(CR49) 2003; 426
Arpón, Milagro, Laja, Segura, de Pipaón, Riezu-Boj (CR32) 2018; 10
Marees, de Kluiver, Stringer, Vorspan, Curis, Marie-Claire (CR47) 2018; 27
Luu, Rehman Mian, Nuyt (CR2) 2017; 44
Smedley, Haider, Ballester, Holland, London, Thorisson (CR57) 2009; 10
Turner (CR28) 2018; 3
Sanders, Burris, Just, Motta, Svensson, Mercado-Garcia (CR23) 2015; 10
Gomez-Lopez, StLouis, Lehr, Sanchez-Rodriguez, Arenas-Hernandez (CR33) 2014; 11
Steffen, Cooper, Shi, Caprau, Simhan, Dagle (CR9) 2007; 27
Fabregat, Jupe, Matthews, Sidiropoulos, Gillespie, Garapati (CR61) 2018; 46
Adams, Elam-Evans, Wilson, Gilbertz (CR4) 2000; 283
Loh, Danecek, Palamara, Fuchsberger, Reshef, Finucane (CR52) 2016; 48
Frey, Stout, Pearson, Tuuli, Cahill, Strauss (CR10) 2016; 215
Skarn, Baroy, Stratford, Myklebost (CR41) 2013; 8
Ramos, Mendes, Tanikawa, Amador, dos Santos, dos Santos (CR14) 2016; 16
Marchini, Howie, Myers, McVean, Donnelly (CR54) 2007; 39
Ritchie, Phipson, Wu, Hu, Law, Shi (CR30) 2015; 43
Nadeau-Vallée, Quiniou, Palacios, Hou, Erfani, Madaan (CR40) 2015; 195
CR3
Johnson, Marlow (CR1) 2017; 102
Care, Muller-Myhsok, Olearo, Todros, Caradeux, Goya (CR19) 2019; 53
Chang, Chow, Tellier, Vattikuti, Purcell, Lee (CR48) 2015; 4
Menon, Velez, Morgan, Lombardi, Fortunato, Williams (CR12) 2008; 124
Romero, Dey, Fisher (CR17) 2014; 345
He, Hannon (CR26) 2004; 5
Fabregat, Sidiropoulos, Viteri, Forner, Marin-Garcia, Arnau (CR62) 2017; 18
Lawrenson, Li, Kar, Seo, Tyrer, Spindler (CR27) 2015; 6
Elovitz, Brown, Anton, Gilstrop, Heiser, Bastek (CR21) 2014; 210
Belousova, Svitich, Timokhina, Strizhakov, Bogomazova (CR35) 2019; 84
Menon (CR8) 2008; 87
CR59
Marchini, Howie (CR55) 2010; 11
Cipolletta, Feuerer, Li, Kamei, Lee, Shoelson (CR42) 2012; 486
Schurz, Müller, van Helden, Tromp, Hoal, Kinnear (CR53) 2019; 10
Bitner, Kalinka (CR36) 2010; 6
Murtha, Nieves, Hauser, Swamy, Yonish, Sinclair (CR39) 2006; 195
Shabalin (CR43) 2012; 28
Lionel, Tammimies, Vaags, Rosenfeld, Ahn, Merico (CR31) 2014; 23
Goldenberg, Culhane, Iams, Romero (CR16) 2008; 371
Chaves, Babayan, Bezerra Cde, Linhares, Witkin (CR37) 2008; 60
Carvalho, Irizarry (CR58) 2010; 26
Cook, Bennett, Kim, Teoh, Sykes, Kindinger (CR20) 2019; 9
Bhattacharya, Amalraj Raja, Ruiz Mirazo, Campbell, Lee, Norman (CR5) 2010; 115
Menon, Velez, Simhan, Ryckman, Jiang, Thorsen (CR13) 2006; 194
(CR50) 2005; 437
Zhang, Feenstra, Bacelis, Liu, Muglia, Juodakis (CR15) 2017; 377
Anderson, Pettersson, Clarke, Cardon, Morris, Zondervan (CR46) 2010; 5
(CR56) 2007; 447
Wright, Shabalin, Rusyn (CR44) 2012; 13
Cannell, Kong, Bushell (CR25) 2008; 36
Gray, McCowan, Patel, Taylor, Vickers (CR22) 2017; 7
Pruim, Welch, Sanna, Teslovich, Chines, Gliedt (CR29) 2010; 26
Das, Forer, Schönherr, Sidore, Locke, Kwong (CR51) 2016; 48
CR60
Mercer, Goldenberg, Moawad, Meis, Iams, Das (CR6) 1999; 181
Romero, Mazor, Sepulveda, Avila, Copeland, Williams (CR34) 1992; 166
Gillespie, Neal, Christian, Szalacha, McCarthy, Salsberry (CR38) 2017; 66
Watanabe, Taskesen, van Bochoven, Posthuma (CR63) 2017; 8
Capece, Vasieva, Meher, Alfirevic, Alfirevic (CR18) 2014; 9
Porter, Fraser, Hunter, Ward, Varner (CR7) 1997; 90
Zhou, Holzman, Heng, Kibschull, Lye (CR24) 2020
A Care (4881_CR19) 2019; 53
MA Elovitz (4881_CR21) 2014; 210
A Fabregat (4881_CR62) 2017; 18
MM Adams (4881_CR4) 2000; 283
AP Sanders (4881_CR23) 2015; 10
RJ Pruim (4881_CR29) 2010; 26
R Romero (4881_CR17) 2014; 345
A Bitner (4881_CR36) 2010; 6
M Nadeau-Vallée (4881_CR40) 2015; 195
S Das (4881_CR51) 2016; 48
G Zhou (4881_CR24) 2020
C Gray (4881_CR22) 2017; 7
FA Wright (4881_CR44) 2012; 13
4881_CR60
G Zhang (4881_CR15) 2017; 377
J Cook (4881_CR20) 2019; 9
I Lappalainen (4881_CR45) 2015; 47
J Marchini (4881_CR55) 2010; 11
K Watanabe (4881_CR63) 2017; 8
R Menon (4881_CR12) 2008; 124
A Fabregat (4881_CR61) 2018; 46
KM Steffen (4881_CR9) 2007; 27
J Marchini (4881_CR54) 2007; 39
4881_CR59
N Gomez-Lopez (4881_CR33) 2014; 11
SL Gillespie (4881_CR38) 2017; 66
International HapMap Consortium (4881_CR50) 2005; 437
A Arpón (4881_CR32) 2018; 10
D Cipolletta (4881_CR42) 2012; 486
AA Shabalin (4881_CR43) 2012; 28
L He (4881_CR26) 2004; 5
R Menon (4881_CR8) 2008; 87
S Johnson (4881_CR1) 2017; 102
H Schurz (4881_CR53) 2019; 10
D Smedley (4881_CR57) 2009; 10
IM Langmia (4881_CR11) 2016; 29
TF Porter (4881_CR7) 1997; 90
BS Carvalho (4881_CR58) 2010; 26
RL Goldenberg (4881_CR16) 2008; 371
CA Anderson (4881_CR46) 2010; 5
AT Marees (4881_CR47) 2018; 27
R Menon (4881_CR13) 2006; 194
AC Lionel (4881_CR31) 2014; 23
International HapMap Consortium (4881_CR49) 2003; 426
AP Murtha (4881_CR39) 2006; 195
HA Frey (4881_CR10) 2016; 215
TM Luu (4881_CR2) 2017; 44
BM Mercer (4881_CR6) 1999; 181
CC Chang (4881_CR48) 2015; 4
SD Turner (4881_CR28) 2018; 3
VS Belousova (4881_CR35) 2019; 84
Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (4881_CR56) 2007; 447
4881_CR3
S Bhattacharya (4881_CR5) 2010; 115
JH Chaves (4881_CR37) 2008; 60
M Skarn (4881_CR41) 2013; 8
K Lawrenson (4881_CR27) 2015; 6
PR Loh (4881_CR52) 2016; 48
BR Ramos (4881_CR14) 2016; 16
ME Ritchie (4881_CR30) 2015; 43
A Capece (4881_CR18) 2014; 9
R Romero (4881_CR34) 1992; 166
IG Cannell (4881_CR25) 2008; 36
35105937 - Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 1;12(1):1986
References_xml – volume: 377
  start-page: 1156
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1167
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Genetic associations with gestational duration and spontaneous preterm birth
  publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med.
– volume: 195
  start-page: 3402
  year: 2015
  end-page: 3415
  ident: CR40
  article-title: Novel noncompetitive IL-1 receptor-biased ligand prevents infection- and inflammation-induced preterm birth
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
– volume: 46
  start-page: D649
  issue: D1
  year: 2018
  end-page: D655
  ident: CR61
  article-title: The reactome pathway knowledgebase
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2363
  year: 2010
  end-page: 2367
  ident: CR58
  article-title: A framework for oligonucleotide microarray preprocessing
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
– volume: 36
  start-page: 1224
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1231
  ident: CR25
  article-title: How do microRNAs regulate gene expression?
  publication-title: Biochem. Soc. Trans.
– volume: 124
  start-page: 243
  year: 2008
  end-page: 253
  ident: CR12
  article-title: Genetic regulation of amniotic fluid TNF-alpha and soluble TNF receptor concentrations affected by race and preterm birth
  publication-title: Hum. Genet.
– volume: 48
  start-page: 1284
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1287
  ident: CR51
  article-title: Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods
  publication-title: Nat. Genet.
– volume: 283
  start-page: 1591
  year: 2000
  end-page: 1596
  ident: CR4
  article-title: Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery
  publication-title: JAMA
– volume: 27
  start-page: e1608
  year: 2018
  ident: CR47
  article-title: A tutorial on conducting genome-wide association studies: Quality control and statistical analysis
  publication-title: Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res.
– volume: 29
  start-page: 3347
  year: 2016
  end-page: 3350
  ident: CR11
  article-title: Interleukin 1 receptor type 2 gene polymorphism is associated with reduced risk of preterm birth
  publication-title: J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med.
– volume: 18
  start-page: 142
  year: 2017
  ident: CR62
  article-title: Reactome pathway analysis: A high-performance in-memory approach
  publication-title: BMC Bioinform.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 22
  year: 2009
  ident: CR57
  article-title: BioMart—Biological queries made easy
  publication-title: BMC Genomics
– volume: 345
  start-page: 760
  year: 2014
  end-page: 765
  ident: CR17
  article-title: Preterm labor: One syndrome, many causes
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 10
  start-page: 221
  year: 2015
  end-page: 228
  ident: CR23
  article-title: MicroRNA expression in the cervix during pregnancy is associated with length of gestation
  publication-title: Epigenetics
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1040
  year: 2019
  end-page: 1046
  ident: CR35
  article-title: Polymorphism of the IL-1β, TNF, IL-1RA and IL-4 cytokine genes significantly increases the risk of preterm birth
  publication-title: Biochemistry (Mosc.)
– volume: 87
  start-page: 590
  year: 2008
  end-page: 600
  ident: CR8
  article-title: Spontaneous preterm birth, a clinical dilemma: Etiologic, pathophysiologic and genetic heterogeneities and racial disparity
  publication-title: Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.
– volume: 181
  start-page: 1216
  year: 1999
  end-page: 1221
  ident: CR6
  article-title: The preterm prediction study: effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent obstetric outcome. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
– volume: 215
  start-page: e1
  year: 2016
  end-page: e8
  ident: CR10
  article-title: Genetic variation associated with preterm birth in African-American women
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2336
  year: 2010
  end-page: 2337
  ident: CR29
  article-title: LocusZoom: Regional visualization of genome-wide association scan results
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1353
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1358
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Matrix eQTL: Ultra fast eQTL analysis via large matrix operations
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1826
  year: 2017
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations with FUMA
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
– volume: 437
  start-page: 1299
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1320
  ident: CR50
  article-title: A haplotype map of the human genome
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 5
  start-page: 522
  year: 2004
  end-page: 531
  ident: CR26
  article-title: MicroRNAs: Small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Genet.
– volume: 166
  start-page: 1576
  year: 1992
  end-page: 1587
  ident: CR34
  article-title: Tumor necrosis factor in preterm and term labor
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
– volume: 16
  start-page: 30
  year: 2016
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Ancestry informative markers and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes on preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes: A case control study
  publication-title: BMC Pregn. Childbirth
– volume: 3
  start-page: 731
  year: 2018
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Qqman: An R package for visualizing GWAS results using Q-Q and manhattan plots
  publication-title: J. Open Source Softw.
– volume: 195
  start-page: 1249
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1253
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Association of maternal IL-1 receptor antagonist intron 2 gene polymorphism and preterm birth
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
– ident: CR60
– volume: 7
  start-page: 815
  year: 2017
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Maternal plasma miRNAs as biomarkers during mid-pregnancy to predict later spontaneous preterm birth: A pilot study
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
– volume: 486
  start-page: 549
  year: 2012
  end-page: 553
  ident: CR42
  article-title: PPAR-γ is a major driver of the accumulation and phenotype of adipose tissue Treg cells
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 53
  start-page: 529
  year: 2019
  end-page: 534
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Should phenotype of previous preterm birth influence management of women with short cervix in subsequent pregnancy? Comparison of vaginal progesterone and Arabin pessary
  publication-title: Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol.
– volume: 194
  start-page: 1616
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1624
  ident: CR13
  article-title: Multilocus interactions at maternal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor genes predict spontaneous preterm labor in European-American women
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1564
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1573
  ident: CR46
  article-title: Data quality control in genetic case-control association studies
  publication-title: Nat. Protoc.
– volume: 90
  start-page: 63
  year: 1997
  end-page: 67
  ident: CR7
  article-title: The risk of preterm birth across generations
  publication-title: Obstet. Gynecol.
– volume: 43
  start-page: e47
  year: 2015
  ident: CR30
  article-title: limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
– volume: 371
  start-page: 75
  year: 2008
  end-page: 84
  ident: CR16
  article-title: Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth
  publication-title: Lancet
– volume: 9
  start-page: 5861
  year: 2019
  ident: CR20
  article-title: First trimester circulating microRNA biomarkers predictive of subsequent preterm delivery and cervical shortening
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
– volume: 115
  start-page: 1125
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1133
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Inherited predisposition to spontaneous preterm delivery
  publication-title: Obstet. Gynecol.
– volume: 9
  start-page: e108578
  year: 2014
  ident: CR18
  article-title: Pathway analysis of genetic factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth and pre-labor preterm rupture of membranes
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
– volume: 13
  start-page: 343
  year: 2012
  end-page: 352
  ident: CR44
  article-title: Computational tools for discovery and interpretation of expression quantitative trait loci
  publication-title: Pharmacogenomics
– volume: 66
  start-page: 95
  year: 2017
  end-page: 104
  ident: CR38
  article-title: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist polymorphism and birth timing: Pathway analysis among African American women
  publication-title: Nurs. Res.
– volume: 4
  start-page: 7
  year: 2015
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Second-generation PLINK: Rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets
  publication-title: Gigascience
– volume: 11
  start-page: 571
  year: 2014
  end-page: 581
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Immune cells in term and preterm labor
  publication-title: Cell Mol. Immunol.
– volume: 102
  start-page: 97
  year: 2017
  end-page: 102
  ident: CR1
  article-title: Early and long-term outcome of infants born extremely preterm
  publication-title: Arch. Dis. Child.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 8234
  year: 2015
  ident: CR27
  article-title: Cis-eQTL analysis and functional validation of candidate susceptibility genes for high-grade serous ovarian cancer
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 34
  year: 2019
  ident: CR53
  article-title: Evaluating the accuracy of imputation methods in a five-way admixed population
  publication-title: Front. Genet.
– year: 2020
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Maternal blood EBF1-based microRNA transcripts as biomarkers for detecting risk of spontaneous preterm birth: A nested case-control study
  publication-title: J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med.
  doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1745178
– volume: 6
  start-page: 552
  year: 2010
  end-page: 557
  ident: CR36
  article-title: IL-1β, IL-6 promoter, TNF-α promoter and IL-1RA gene polymorphisms and the risk of preterm delivery due to preterm premature rupture of membranes in a population of Polish women
  publication-title: Arch. Med. Sci.
– volume: 426
  start-page: 789
  year: 2003
  end-page: 796
  ident: CR49
  article-title: The International HapMap Project
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 39
  start-page: 906
  year: 2007
  end-page: 913
  ident: CR54
  article-title: A new multipoint method for genome-wide association studies by imputation of genotypes
  publication-title: Nat. Genet.
– volume: 11
  start-page: 499
  year: 2010
  end-page: 511
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Genotype imputation for genome-wide association studies
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Genet.
– volume: 44
  start-page: 305
  year: 2017
  end-page: 314
  ident: CR2
  article-title: Long-term impact of preterm birth: Neurodevelopmental and physical health outcomes
  publication-title: Clin. Perinatol.
– ident: CR3
– volume: 447
  start-page: 661
  year: 2007
  end-page: 678
  ident: CR56
  article-title: Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 10
  start-page: 91
  year: 2018
  end-page: 103
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Methylation changes and pathways affected in preterm birth: A role for SLC6A3 in neurodevelopment
  publication-title: Epigenomics
– volume: 47
  start-page: 692
  year: 2015
  end-page: 695
  ident: CR45
  article-title: The European Genome-phenome archive of human data consented for biomedical research
  publication-title: Nat. Genet.
– volume: 60
  start-page: 312
  year: 2008
  end-page: 317
  ident: CR37
  article-title: Maternal and neonatal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genotype and pregnancy outcome in a population with a high rate of pre-term birth
  publication-title: Am. J. Reprod. Immunol.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 672
  year: 2007
  end-page: 680
  ident: CR9
  article-title: Maternal and fetal variation in genes of cholesterol metabolism is associated with preterm delivery
  publication-title: J. Perinatol.
– volume: 48
  start-page: 1443
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1448
  ident: CR52
  article-title: Reference-based phasing using the haplotype reference consortium panel
  publication-title: Nat. Genet.
– ident: CR59
– volume: 210
  start-page: e1
  issue: 221
  year: 2014
  end-page: e11
  ident: CR21
  article-title: Distinct cervical microRNA profiles are present in women destined to have a preterm birth
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
– volume: 8
  start-page: e79231
  year: 2013
  ident: CR41
  article-title: Epigenetic regulation and functional characterization of microRNA-142 in mesenchymal cells
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
– volume: 23
  start-page: 2752
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2768
  ident: CR31
  article-title: Disruption of the ASTN2/TRIM32 locus at 9q33.1 is a risk factor in males for autism spectrum disorders, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental phenotypes
  publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet.
– volume: 29
  start-page: 3347
  year: 2016
  ident: 4881_CR11
  publication-title: J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 906
  year: 2007
  ident: 4881_CR54
  publication-title: Nat. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/ng2088
– volume: 210
  start-page: e1
  issue: 221
  year: 2014
  ident: 4881_CR21
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 815
  year: 2017
  ident: 4881_CR22
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00713-8
– volume: 8
  start-page: e79231
  year: 2013
  ident: 4881_CR41
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079231
– volume: 10
  start-page: 221
  year: 2015
  ident: 4881_CR23
  publication-title: Epigenetics
  doi: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1006498
– volume: 48
  start-page: 1443
  year: 2016
  ident: 4881_CR52
  publication-title: Nat. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/ng.3679
– volume: 377
  start-page: 1156
  year: 2017
  ident: 4881_CR15
  publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med.
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612665
– volume: 283
  start-page: 1591
  year: 2000
  ident: 4881_CR4
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.283.12.1591
– ident: 4881_CR59
– volume: 27
  start-page: e1608
  year: 2018
  ident: 4881_CR47
  publication-title: Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res.
  doi: 10.1002/mpr.1608
– volume: 371
  start-page: 75
  year: 2008
  ident: 4881_CR16
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4
– volume: 90
  start-page: 63
  year: 1997
  ident: 4881_CR7
  publication-title: Obstet. Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00215-9
– volume: 5
  start-page: 522
  year: 2004
  ident: 4881_CR26
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/nrg1379
– volume: 4
  start-page: 7
  year: 2015
  ident: 4881_CR48
  publication-title: Gigascience
  doi: 10.1186/s13742-015-0047-8
– volume: 48
  start-page: 1284
  year: 2016
  ident: 4881_CR51
  publication-title: Nat. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/ng.3656
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1040
  year: 2019
  ident: 4881_CR35
  publication-title: Biochemistry (Mosc.)
  doi: 10.1134/S0006297919090062
– volume: 345
  start-page: 760
  year: 2014
  ident: 4881_CR17
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1251816
– volume: 11
  start-page: 571
  year: 2014
  ident: 4881_CR33
  publication-title: Cell Mol. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/cmi.2014.46
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1353
  year: 2012
  ident: 4881_CR43
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts163
– volume: 195
  start-page: 3402
  year: 2015
  ident: 4881_CR40
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500758
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2336
  year: 2010
  ident: 4881_CR29
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq419
– volume: 23
  start-page: 2752
  year: 2014
  ident: 4881_CR31
  publication-title: Hum. Mol. Genet.
  doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt669
– year: 2020
  ident: 4881_CR24
  publication-title: J. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med.
  doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1745178
– volume: 486
  start-page: 549
  year: 2012
  ident: 4881_CR42
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature11132
– volume: 18
  start-page: 142
  year: 2017
  ident: 4881_CR62
  publication-title: BMC Bioinform.
  doi: 10.1186/s12859-017-1559-2
– volume: 27
  start-page: 672
  year: 2007
  ident: 4881_CR9
  publication-title: J. Perinatol.
  doi: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211806
– volume: 26
  start-page: 2363
  year: 2010
  ident: 4881_CR58
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq431
– volume: 115
  start-page: 1125
  year: 2010
  ident: 4881_CR5
  publication-title: Obstet. Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181dffcdb
– ident: 4881_CR60
– volume: 47
  start-page: 692
  year: 2015
  ident: 4881_CR45
  publication-title: Nat. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/ng.3312
– volume: 10
  start-page: 91
  year: 2018
  ident: 4881_CR32
  publication-title: Epigenomics
  doi: 10.2217/epi-2017-0082
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1564
  year: 2010
  ident: 4881_CR46
  publication-title: Nat. Protoc.
  doi: 10.1038/nprot.2010.116
– volume: 11
  start-page: 499
  year: 2010
  ident: 4881_CR55
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/nrg2796
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1826
  year: 2017
  ident: 4881_CR63
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01261-5
– volume: 66
  start-page: 95
  year: 2017
  ident: 4881_CR38
  publication-title: Nurs. Res.
  doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000200
– volume: 9
  start-page: e108578
  year: 2014
  ident: 4881_CR18
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108578
– volume: 447
  start-page: 661
  year: 2007
  ident: 4881_CR56
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature05911
– volume: 102
  start-page: 97
  year: 2017
  ident: 4881_CR1
  publication-title: Arch. Dis. Child.
  doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309581
– volume: 215
  start-page: e1
  year: 2016
  ident: 4881_CR10
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)30277-0
– volume: 9
  start-page: 5861
  year: 2019
  ident: 4881_CR20
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42166-1
– ident: 4881_CR3
– volume: 53
  start-page: 529
  year: 2019
  ident: 4881_CR19
  publication-title: Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1002/uog.19118
– volume: 10
  start-page: 22
  year: 2009
  ident: 4881_CR57
  publication-title: BMC Genomics
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-22
– volume: 166
  start-page: 1576
  year: 1992
  ident: 4881_CR34
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(92)91636-O
– volume: 43
  start-page: e47
  year: 2015
  ident: 4881_CR30
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv007
– volume: 16
  start-page: 30
  year: 2016
  ident: 4881_CR14
  publication-title: BMC Pregn. Childbirth
  doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0823-1
– volume: 195
  start-page: 1249
  year: 2006
  ident: 4881_CR39
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.09.002
– volume: 44
  start-page: 305
  year: 2017
  ident: 4881_CR2
  publication-title: Clin. Perinatol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2017.01.003
– volume: 87
  start-page: 590
  year: 2008
  ident: 4881_CR8
  publication-title: Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.
  doi: 10.1080/00016340802005126
– volume: 10
  start-page: 34
  year: 2019
  ident: 4881_CR53
  publication-title: Front. Genet.
  doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00034
– volume: 181
  start-page: 1216
  year: 1999
  ident: 4881_CR6
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70111-0
– volume: 6
  start-page: 552
  year: 2010
  ident: 4881_CR36
  publication-title: Arch. Med. Sci.
  doi: 10.5114/aoms.2010.14467
– volume: 124
  start-page: 243
  year: 2008
  ident: 4881_CR12
  publication-title: Hum. Genet.
  doi: 10.1007/s00439-008-0547-z
– volume: 6
  start-page: 8234
  year: 2015
  ident: 4881_CR27
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms9234
– volume: 3
  start-page: 731
  year: 2018
  ident: 4881_CR28
  publication-title: J. Open Source Softw.
  doi: 10.21105/joss.00731
– volume: 437
  start-page: 1299
  year: 2005
  ident: 4881_CR50
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature04226
– volume: 13
  start-page: 343
  year: 2012
  ident: 4881_CR44
  publication-title: Pharmacogenomics
  doi: 10.2217/pgs.11.185
– volume: 194
  start-page: 1616
  year: 2006
  ident: 4881_CR13
  publication-title: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.03.059
– volume: 60
  start-page: 312
  year: 2008
  ident: 4881_CR37
  publication-title: Am. J. Reprod. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00625.x
– volume: 46
  start-page: D649
  issue: D1
  year: 2018
  ident: 4881_CR61
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res.
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1132
– volume: 36
  start-page: 1224
  year: 2008
  ident: 4881_CR25
  publication-title: Biochem. Soc. Trans.
  doi: 10.1042/BST0361224
– volume: 426
  start-page: 789
  year: 2003
  ident: 4881_CR49
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature02168
– reference: 35105937 - Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 1;12(1):1986
SSID ssj0000529419
Score 2.426399
Snippet Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for...
Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been reported for...
Abstract Preterm birth (PTB) occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors include genetics and infection/inflammation. Different mechanisms have been...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 1003
SubjectTerms 631/208
631/553
692/308/2056
692/53
Adult
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Birth
Female
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture - blood
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture - diagnosis
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture - genetics
Forkhead Transcription Factors - genetics
Foxp3 protein
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene mapping
Genetic analysis
Genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomes
Gestation
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immune response
Inflammation
MicroRNAs
miRNA
multidisciplinary
Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics
Phenotypes
PPAR gamma - genetics
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Outcome
Premature birth
Premature Birth - blood
Premature Birth - diagnosis
Premature Birth - genetics
Quantitative Trait Loci
Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics
Risk factors
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Transcription
Transcriptomes
Transcriptomics
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Open Access Full Text
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NaxUxEB-kIPRS_Kjt2loieNOlu_na5KhiLQU9VegtbD6WFnSf9K0H__vOJPuefWrrxWuSDWFmkvnNZvIbgFdK4YGHuLrWXsZacqlr32gMVnqBaFyrGCQ9cP70WZ9-kWcX6uJWqS_KCSv0wEVwx00bvTHopPrGy05xL3XkYjBxaLUNmfCTo8-7FUwVVm9uZWvnVzKNMMdL9FT0mgxjLzJajKE3PFEm7P8byvwzWfK3G9PsiE4ewc6MINnbsvLH8CCNT-BhqSn58ymcfUzj4lti_RjZRI4oHwvUUspz45xsMTDKjEVcmDDwZ5RziAc081fX0yWjpK8F_Zld7sL5yYfz96f1XDChDgi8JkTKjedN6O0QktCdsBh9Cqt56obYWhUGQQ9Vo03C64SxhIi-DcYb3ydlcTc-g61xMaZ9YBxxifLJDw1P0vfWIC7xth8C514lIypoV7JzYSYTp5oWX12-1BbGFXk7lLfL8nZNBa_X33wvVBr3jn5HKlmPJBrs3IDG4WbjcP8yjgoOVwp1895cOq4p6LUIlSt4ue7GXUVXJUXweQxR42ucYq_of70Soeg6WOsKug3L2FjqZs94dZmZuw1qqOOygjcrG_q1rLtF8fx_iOIAtnk2_rZu7SFsTdc_0gvEU5M_ylvnBqklGO0
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Jb9UwELagCIkLYidQkJG4QVTviU8IEKWqBKcivZsVL6GVICnvhUP_fWccv1SPpdfYiZzZ_I1nPEPIa63B4AGuro1XsVZCmdozA85KJwGNGx2DwgvOX76ao2_qeKVX5cBtU9IqtzYxG-o4BjwjPxAGXRULAOfd-a8au0ZhdLW00LhJbmHpMpTqZtUsZywYxVLclrsyTLYHG9iv8E4ZeGAouuBJ7-xHuWz_v7Dm3ymTf8RN83Z0eI_cLTiSvp8Zf5_cSMMDcnvuLHnxkBx_TsP4M9FuiHTC7SgbB3wyN-mGb9Kxp5gfC-gwgftPMfMQzDT1Z-vplGLq14jns5tH5OTw08nHo7q0TagDwK8J8DLzgoXO9iFJ00gLPqi0RqSmj0Ck0Eu8rhptkt4k8Chk9Dy0vvVd0hZ08jHZG8YhPSVUADrRPvmeiaR8Z1tAJ952fRDC69TKivAt7VwoJcWxs8UPl0PbsnUzvR3Q22V6O1aRN8s753NBjWtnf0CWLDOxGHZ-MK6_u6JbjvHoYTZnHfOq0cIrE4Xs29hzYwO3FdnfMtQVDd24K3mqyKtlGHQLAyYz4fMcLJBv4BNPZv4vK5Eag8LGVKTZkYydpe6ODGenuX53CxxqhKrI260MXS3r_6R4dv1fPCd3RBZrXnO7T_am9e_0AvDS5F9mpbgEUd8REw
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Springer Nature HAS Fully OA
  dbid: AAJSJ
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Jb9UwEB6VVkhcEHvTFhQkbhARr4mPD0SpngQXitSbFS-hlSCp3gsH_j0zzoIeFCSu9tiyZsb2N57FAC-UwgMPcXWhnQyF5FIXrtRorDQC0bhWwUtKcP7wUZ99lusLdbEHfM6FSUH7qaRlOqbn6LDXW7xoKBkMTSfSOTSBb8EBlWpH3T5Yrdaf1svLCvmuJDNThkwp6hsG79xCqVj_TQjzz0DJ37yl6RI6vQd3J_SYr8b13oe92D2A2-N_kj8ewvp97PpvMW-6kA90CaUjgVrGr7lxzrxvc4qKRUwY0ejPKd4QD-fcXW2Gy5wCvnp6ld0-gvPTd-dvz4rps4TCI-gaECWXjpe-Ma2PQlfCoOUpjOaxagMzyreCklSDicLpiHaECI752tWuicrgTnwM-13fxUPIOWIS5aJrSx6la0yNmMSZpvWcOxVrkQGbeWf9VEic_rP4apNDW9R25LdFftvEb1tm8HIZcz2W0fgn9RsSyUJJJbBTQ7_5YieVsCULDqlZ2ZROVoo7qQMXbR1apo1nJoOTWaB22pdbyzUZvAZhcgbPl27cUeQmGRmfaKgsvsYpnozyX1YiFLmCtc6g2tGMnaXu9nRXl6lqd40SqrjM4NWsQ7-W9XdWHP0f-THc4UnNWcHMCewPm-_xKaKmwT2btslPR3QQUA
  priority: 102
  providerName: Springer Nature
Title Genome and transcriptome profiling of spontaneous preterm birth phenotypes
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-022-04881-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35046466
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2621109080
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2621662769
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8770724
https://doaj.org/article/01db88110a0b4752b46d23f8df169c19
Volume 12
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3da9wwDBf9YLCX0n1n7Y4M9rZlS_yV-GGM69GuHLSMrYV7M3HirIU2ae9SWP_7SU5y47bbYE8BWzFGlqyfbEsCeCMlbniIqyNlRRkJJlRkY4XOSs4RjStZFoICnE9O1fG5mM7kbAOGckc9AxdrXTuqJ3U-v3r_4_b-Eyr8xy5kPPuwQCNEgWLoVpE8onu8CdtomVKqaHDSw_0u1zfTwtf6oCTsEYIJ1sfRrB9mxVb5lP7rcOifzyl_u1P1pupoF3Z6jBmOO6F4BBuufgwPuqqT909g-tnVzbUL87oMWzJVfuOglq6AN44ZNlVIb2cRObrmbhHSq0TcwkN7OW8vQnoW1tDZ7eIpnB0dnk2Oo76kQlQgNGsRS8eWxUWuq8JxlXKN_inXirm0KhMti4pTKGupHbfKobfBS5sUmc1s7qRGfX0GW3VTuxcQMkQu0jpbxcwJm-sMkYvVeVUwZqXLeADJwDtT9OnGqerFlfHX3jwzHb8N8tt4fps4gLfLf266ZBv_pD6gJVlSUqJs39DMv5te70yclBapkziPrUgls0KVjFdZWSVKF4kOYH9YUDMIn2GK3GKNYDqA18tu1Du6TOkY72koeb7CIZ5367-cCZd0YaxUAOmKZKxMdbWnvrzwub0zXKGUiQDeDTL0a1p_Z8XL_2LcHjxkXsqTKNH7sNXO79wrhFatHcFmOktHsD0eT79N8XtwePrlK7ZO1GTkjytGXqN-AuTrH9Q
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Jb9UwELaqIgSXir2BAkGCE0R17NiJDwixldf19JDezYqX0Eo0KS-pUH8U_5EZZ6keS2-9Jn6R36zfeMYzhLwUAgwe4OpEmswlGctkYqiEYKXkgMalcDbDC86HR3L2NdtbiMUa-TXehcGyytEmBkPtGotn5NtMYqiiAOC8O_uR4NQozK6OIzR6sdj3Fz8hZGvf7n4C_r5ibOfz_OMsGaYKJBbQSQdwkhpGbakq67nMuYIQjSvJfF65VAlbcbzN6ZTnRnoA3NyZ1BamMKUXiuKQCLD4N8DvUoz18kU-Helg0ixL1XA1h_JiuwX3iFfYIOBDTYHAfcX9hSkB_4K2f1do_pGmDd5v5w7ZGGBr_L6Xs7tkzdf3yM1-kOXFfbL3xdfNqY_L2sUder9gi_BJPxMcvhk3VYzluABGfXPexljoCF4hNifL7jjGSrMGj4PbB2R-HfR8SNbrpvabJGYAhoTxpqLMZ6ZUBYAho8rKMmaEL3hE0pF22g4dzHGQxncdMum80D29NdBbB3prGpHX02_O-v4dV67-gCyZVmLv7fCgWX7TgyprmjoDq1NaUpPlgplMOsarwlWpVDZVEdkaGaoHg9DqS_GNyIvpNagy5md6woc12I9fwice9fyfdsIF5qCljEi-IhkrW119U58ch3bhBXAoZ1lE3owydLmt_5Pi8dX_4jm5NZsfHuiD3aP9J-Q2CyKeJqnaIuvd8tw_BajWmWdBQWKir1khfwPRskyw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB5VW4G4IN6kFAgSnCCqYztOfECI0i59wKpCRerNihOHVqJJ2U2F-tP4d8w4j2p59NZr4o288_zGM54BeJkkaPAQV0fKyjKSXKrIMoXBSi4QjaukLCRdcP48Uztf5d5RcrQCv4a7MFRWOdhEb6jLpqAz8g2uKFTR1AWx6ssiDram785-RDRBijKtwziNTkT23cVPDN8Wb3e3kNevOJ9uH37YifoJA1GBSKVFaMksZ0Wuq8IJlQqN4ZrQiru0KmOdFJWgm52ldsIqh-BblDYuMpvZ3CWa0cAItP6rKQVFE1jd3J4dfBkPeCiFJmPdX9RhIttYoLOkC20Y_pHeYBi_5Az9zIB_Ad2_6zX_SNp6Xzi9A7d7EBu-76TuLqy4-h7c6MZaXtyHvY-ubk5dmNdl2JIv9JaJnnQTwvGbYVOFVJyL0NQ154uQyh7RR4T2ZN4eh1R31tDh8OIBHF4HRR_CpG5q9xhCjtAosc5WjDtpc50hNLI6rwrObeIyEUA80M4UfT9zGqvx3fi8ushMR2-D9Dae3oYF8Hr8zVnXzePK1ZvEknEldeL2D5r5N9MrtmFxaXF1zHJmZZpwK1XJRZWVVax0EesA1geGmt48LMylMAfwYnyNik3Zmo7wfg1151f4iUcd_8ediIQy0koFkC5JxtJWl9_UJ8e-eXiGHEq5DODNIEOX2_o_Kdau_hfP4SYqo_m0O9t_Are4l_A4ivU6TNr5uXuKuK21z3oNCcFcs07-BiimUks
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genome+and+transcriptome+profiling+of+spontaneous+preterm+birth+phenotypes&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Juhi+K.&rft.au=Care%2C+Angharad&rft.au=Goodfellow%2C+Laura&rft.au=Alfirevic%2C+Zarko&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41598-022-04881-0&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1038_s41598_022_04881_0
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon