Energy-Efficient Train Operation Using Nature-Inspired Algorithms

A train operation optimization by minimizing its traction energy subject to various constraints is carried out using nature-inspired evolutionary algorithms. The optimization process results in switching points that initiate cruising and coasting phases of the driving. Due to nonlinear optimization...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of advanced transportation Vol. 2017; no. 2017; pp. 1 - 12
Main Authors Keskin, Kemal, Karamancioglu, Abdurrahman
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2017
Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Wiley
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract A train operation optimization by minimizing its traction energy subject to various constraints is carried out using nature-inspired evolutionary algorithms. The optimization process results in switching points that initiate cruising and coasting phases of the driving. Due to nonlinear optimization formulation of the problem, nature-inspired evolutionary search methods, Genetic Simulated Annealing, Firefly, and Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithms were employed in this study. As a case study a real-like train and test track from a part of Eskisehir light rail network were modeled. Speed limitations, various track alignments, maximum allowable trip time, and changes in train mass were considered, and punctuality was put into objective function as a penalty factor. Results have shown that all three evolutionary methods generated effective and consistent solutions. However, it has also been shown that each one has different accuracy and convergence characteristics.
AbstractList A train operation optimization by minimizing its traction energy subject to various constraints is carried out using nature-inspired evolutionary algorithms. The optimization process results in switching points that initiate cruising and coasting phases of the driving. Due to nonlinear optimization formulation of the problem, nature-inspired evolutionary search methods, Genetic Simulated Annealing, Firefly, and Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithms were employed in this study. As a case study a real-like train and test track from a part of Eskisehir light rail network were modeled. Speed limitations, various track alignments, maximum allowable trip time, and changes in train mass were considered, and punctuality was put into objective function as a penalty factor. Results have shown that all three evolutionary methods generated effective and consistent solutions. However, it has also been shown that each one has different accuracy and convergence characteristics.
A train operation optimization by minimizing its traction energy subject to various constraints is carried out using nature-inspired evolutionary algorithms. The optimization process results in switching points that initiate cruising and coasting phases of the driving. Due to nonlinear optimization formulation of the problem, nature-inspired evolutionary search methods, Genetic Simulated Annealing, Firefly, and Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithms were employed in this study. As a case study a real-like train and test track from a part of Eskisehir light rail network were mo deled. Speed limitations, various track alignments, maximum allowable trip time, and changes in train mass were considered, and punctuality was put into objective function as a penalty factor. Results have shown that all three evolutionary methods generated effective and consistent solutions. However, it has also been shown that each one has different accuracy and convergence characteristics.
Audience Academic
Author Karamancioglu, Abdurrahman
Keskin, Kemal
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Keskin, Kemal
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Karamancioglu, Abdurrahman
BookMark eNqFkktrGzEUhYeSQp20u66Loct2Er01WprgNobQbJK10OgxlhlLrqSh5N9HzqRJCylFIMHlu-dcju5pcxJisE3zEYJzCCm9QADyCwY55oK-aRYIENRiKOhJswBQ8JZxJN41pznvAMCCCrJoVutg03Dfrp3z2ttQlrdJ-bC8Odikio9heZd9GJY_VJmSbTchH3yyZrkah5h82e7z--atU2O2H57es-bu2_r28qq9vvm-uVxdt5oSUFpmGeih0cAY6AjQkBkorMCOYQg6gxmmPWPG9YhqbhTBwnGnidM9sD1SCJ81m1nXRLWTh-T3Kt3LqLx8LMQ0SJWK16OVgCNtIFaUc0h4x3pqul4QpjCFvLNHrc-z1iHFn5PNRe7ilEIdXyICOMMdRaBS7UwNqor64GJJSg-2JqbGmrzztbyihFYTRrvKn7_C12Ps3utXG77-0dBPNWmb65X9sC15UFPOf-NoxnWKOSfrpPbl8ZOqjx8lBPK4BvK4BvJpDV48npt-R_cP_MuMb30w6pf_H_1ppm1lrFMvNOSgIxA_AKRyyOc
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_en14227593
crossref_primary_10_1155_2019_4324605
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trc_2018_08_009
crossref_primary_10_51513_jitsa_1099941
crossref_primary_10_1080_0305215X_2024_2385583
crossref_primary_10_1177_03611981231205876
crossref_primary_10_3390_en13071836
crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_7905820
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2023_109196
crossref_primary_10_3390_su14148645
crossref_primary_10_1080_03081060_2025_2457048
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conengprac_2021_104901
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tre_2021_102323
crossref_primary_10_31593_ijeat_799129
crossref_primary_10_1049_itr2_12093
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isatra_2021_04_036
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2918938
crossref_primary_10_1061_JTEPBS_0000590
crossref_primary_10_3390_en11102660
crossref_primary_10_1155_2024_5964428
crossref_primary_10_1080_0305215X_2020_1746782
crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_4735397
crossref_primary_10_3390_app13137403
crossref_primary_10_3390_en11112946
Cites_doi 10.1002/tee.21782
10.1002/tee.20528
10.1016/j.eswa.2015.06.024
10.1080/00207720412331203633
10.1049/iet-epa:20070381
10.1016/j.tra.2003.07.001
10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000246
10.1109/tits.2014.2323116
10.3233/sav-130773
10.1016/0005-1098(92)90017-a
10.1016/j.eswa.2014.10.053
10.1080/0305215X.2015.1018677
10.1109/tvt.2012.2187225
10.1007/978-3-540-88636-5_69
10.1109/9.867018
10.1109/TITS.2014.2320757
10.1016/j.engappai.2013.12.015
10.1109/TITS.2013.2244885
10.1016/j.autcon.2008.10.007
10.1109/TAC.1975.1101058
10.1109/tits.2013.2285737
10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2007)133:7(999)
10.1016/S0305-0548(99)00137-9
10.1155/2012/251624
10.1299/jsme1958.11.857
10.1109/TITS.2014.2319233
10.1049/iet-cta:20050272
10.1016/j.eswa.2012.04.019
10.1016/j.engappai.2012.02.006
10.1109/TITS.2014.2303146
10.1016/j.advengsoft.2005.04.005
10.1109/TITS.2012.2219620
10.1016/j.jrtpm.2013.12.001
10.1023/a:1019235819716
10.1049/ip-epa:19970797
10.1017/S0334270000006780
10.1016/j.engappai.2014.07.019
10.1109/tits.2013.2292712
10.1109/TITS.2012.2234118
10.1016/j.automatica.2009.07.028
10.1016/j.omega.2011.12.001
10.1080/0305215X.2014.933823
10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000160
10.1109/tits.2014.2334061
10.1016/0005-1098(95)00184-0
10.1109/71.663870
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2017 Kemal Keskin and Abdurrahman Karamancioglu.
COPYRIGHT 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Copyright © 2017 Kemal Keskin and Abdurrahman Karamancioglu. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2017 Kemal Keskin and Abdurrahman Karamancioglu.
– notice: COPYRIGHT 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
– notice: Copyright © 2017 Kemal Keskin and Abdurrahman Karamancioglu. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID ADJCN
AHFXO
RHU
RHW
RHX
AAYXX
CITATION
N95
3V.
7ST
7WY
7WZ
7XB
87Z
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FK
8FL
ABJCF
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BEZIV
BGLVJ
C1K
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
FRNLG
F~G
HCIFZ
K60
K6~
KR7
L.-
L6V
M0C
M7S
P5Z
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQBIZ
PQBZA
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
Q9U
SOI
DOA
DOI 10.1155/2017/6173795
DatabaseName الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals
معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete
Hindawi Publishing Complete
Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals
Hindawi Publishing Open Access
CrossRef
Gale Business: Insights
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Environment Abstracts
ABI/INFORM Collection
ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni)
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Business Premium Collection
Technology Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
Business Premium Collection (Alumni)
ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Business Collection
Civil Engineering Abstracts
ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced
ProQuest Engineering Collection
ABI/INFORM Global
Engineering Database
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Business
ProQuest One Business (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
Environment Abstracts
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)
ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Business
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ABI/INFORM Complete
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest Central
ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
ABI/INFORM Complete (Alumni Edition)
Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Business Premium Collection
Civil Engineering Abstracts
ABI/INFORM Global
Engineering Database
ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Business Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest One Business (Alumni)
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Environment Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
Business Premium Collection (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList
Publicly Available Content Database

CrossRef


Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RHX
  name: Hindawi Publishing Open Access
  url: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 3
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2042-3195
Editor D’Ariano, Andrea
Editor_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Andrea
  surname: D’Ariano
  fullname: D’Ariano, Andrea
EndPage 12
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_072cd13a57714786b5d8b946a35178e2
A545147658
10_1155_2017_6173795
1170841
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Eskisehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Foundation
  grantid: 2015-772
GroupedDBID -~X
..I
05W
0R~
1OC
24P
29J
31~
3SF
4.4
52U
5GY
7WY
8-1
8FL
AAESR
AAEVG
AAFWJ
AAJEY
AAONW
AAZKR
ABDBF
ABDPE
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACBWZ
ACIWK
ACNCT
ACXQS
ADBBV
ADIZJ
ADJCN
AEIMD
AENEX
AFBPY
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
AHFXO
AI.
AJXKR
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMBMR
ARAPS
ASPBG
ATUGU
AVWKF
AZFZN
AZVAB
BAAKF
BCNDV
BDRZF
BENPR
BEZIV
BGLVJ
BHBCM
BNHUX
BOGZA
BRXPI
CCPQU
DU5
DWQXO
EBS
EJD
ESX
FEDTE
FRNLG
G-S
GODZA
GROUPED_DOAJ
H13
HCIFZ
HVGLF
HZ~
I-F
IAO
ICW
IOF
ITC
LITHE
LPU
M0C
M7S
MY~
N95
O9-
OK1
P2P
PIMPY
PQBIZ
PQBZA
PTHSS
PV9
RHX
RIWAO
RJQFR
RZL
SUPJJ
TN5
TUS
VH1
WBKPD
WH7
WIH
XI7
RHU
RHW
AANHP
AAYXX
ACCMX
ACRPL
ACUHS
ACYXJ
ADNMO
AEUYN
AGQPQ
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
PMFND
3V.
7ST
7XB
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FK
AAMMB
AEFGJ
AGXDD
AIDQK
AIDYY
AZQEC
C1K
FR3
K60
K6~
KR7
L.-
L6V
P62
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
SOI
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-6e60b1dc0dd1f40c16d19e93f63108d3635b66dfb25c7da439f7fc4fcb0eb2a23
IEDL.DBID BENPR
ISSN 0197-6729
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:30:51 EDT 2025
Sun Jul 13 04:51:04 EDT 2025
Fri Jun 13 00:05:35 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 21:02:43 EDT 2025
Fri May 23 02:37:06 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 00:33:46 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:11:33 EDT 2025
Sun Jun 02 18:47:27 EDT 2024
Tue Nov 26 17:07:09 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2017
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c540t-6e60b1dc0dd1f40c16d19e93f63108d3635b66dfb25c7da439f7fc4fcb0eb2a23
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0002-3969-2396
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2407638520?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID 2407638520
PQPubID 1006382
PageCount 12
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_072cd13a57714786b5d8b946a35178e2
proquest_journals_2407638520
gale_infotracgeneralonefile_A545147658
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A545147658
gale_businessinsightsgauss_A545147658
crossref_citationtrail_10_1155_2017_6173795
crossref_primary_10_1155_2017_6173795
hindawi_primary_10_1155_2017_6173795
emarefa_primary_1170841
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2017-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2017-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2017
  text: 2017-01-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Cairo, Egypt
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Cairo, Egypt
– name: London
PublicationTitle Journal of advanced transportation
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Wiley
Publisher_xml – name: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
– name: Hindawi
– name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
– name: Wiley
References 44
45
46
47
48
(54) 2006
(2) 1975; 20
51
52
53
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
(50) 2008
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
(34) 2000
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
(35) 1982
30
31
32
33
37
39
(55) 2005
40
41
42
43
References_xml – ident: 20
  doi: 10.1002/tee.21782
– ident: 16
  doi: 10.1002/tee.20528
– ident: 52
  doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2015.06.024
– year: 2008
  ident: 50
– ident: 11
  doi: 10.1080/00207720412331203633
– year: 2006
  ident: 54
– ident: 12
  doi: 10.1049/iet-epa:20070381
– ident: 10
  doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2003.07.001
– ident: 15
  doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000246
– ident: 27
  doi: 10.1109/tits.2014.2323116
– year: 2005
  ident: 55
– ident: 48
  doi: 10.3233/sav-130773
– ident: 6
  doi: 10.1016/0005-1098(92)90017-a
– ident: 51
  doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2014.10.053
– ident: 53
  doi: 10.1080/0305215X.2015.1018677
– ident: 17
  doi: 10.1109/tvt.2012.2187225
– year: 1982
  ident: 35
– ident: 47
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-88636-5_69
– ident: 5
  doi: 10.1109/9.867018
– ident: 31
  doi: 10.1109/TITS.2014.2320757
– ident: 32
  doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2013.12.015
– ident: 18
  doi: 10.1109/TITS.2013.2244885
– ident: 40
  doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2008.10.007
– volume: 20
  start-page: 590
  issue: 5
  year: 1975
  ident: 2
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
  doi: 10.1109/TAC.1975.1101058
– ident: 25
  doi: 10.1109/tits.2013.2285737
– ident: 45
  doi: 10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2007)133:7(999)
– ident: 39
  doi: 10.1016/S0305-0548(99)00137-9
– year: 2000
  ident: 34
– ident: 37
  doi: 10.1155/2012/251624
– ident: 1
  doi: 10.1299/jsme1958.11.857
– ident: 30
  doi: 10.1109/TITS.2014.2319233
– ident: 46
  doi: 10.1049/iet-cta:20050272
– ident: 41
  doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.04.019
– ident: 19
  doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2012.02.006
– ident: 26
  doi: 10.1109/TITS.2014.2303146
– ident: 44
  doi: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2005.04.005
– ident: 23
  doi: 10.1109/TITS.2012.2219620
– ident: 28
  doi: 10.1016/j.jrtpm.2013.12.001
– ident: 9
  doi: 10.1023/a:1019235819716
– ident: 8
  doi: 10.1049/ip-epa:19970797
– ident: 3
  doi: 10.1017/S0334270000006780
– ident: 33
  doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2014.07.019
– ident: 29
  doi: 10.1109/tits.2013.2292712
– ident: 24
  doi: 10.1109/TITS.2012.2234118
– ident: 13
  doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2009.07.028
– ident: 21
  doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2011.12.001
– ident: 43
  doi: 10.1080/0305215X.2014.933823
– ident: 14
  doi: 10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000160
– ident: 22
  doi: 10.1109/tits.2014.2334061
– ident: 7
  doi: 10.1016/0005-1098(95)00184-0
– ident: 42
  doi: 10.1109/71.663870
SSID ssj0039594
Score 2.2352407
Snippet A train operation optimization by minimizing its traction energy subject to various constraints is carried out using nature-inspired evolutionary algorithms....
SourceID doaj
proquest
gale
crossref
hindawi
emarefa
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Algorithms
Case studies
Coasting
Computer simulation
Driving ability
Dynamic programming
Energy consumption
Energy efficiency
Energy use
Evolutionary algorithms
Genetic algorithms
Heuristic
Infrastructure
Integer programming
Light rail transit
Management
Mathematical optimization
Methods
Objective function
Optimization
Railroads
Simulated annealing
Studies
Trains
Transportation
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LSxxBEG6CEIiHkKfZxIQ5GHMIg93br-njJqyYQPSi4K2Zfq2CruKs-Pet6u7drCTBSy4DMxTTM9XVVV_14ytCdnyQJlEp2xSZaAVXBvxgRCJkGXEhxsQOTyP_OlQHJ-LnqTxdK_WFe8IKPXBR3B7VYx8Y76XWTOhOORk6Z4TquWS6i9n7QsxbJlPFB3MjTWH1NrpVgB-XW96lhGyf6T2I21xjTYm1YJQ5-_PB3B7u-5WPfnqG2fHd-R_eOoeg_RfkecWOzaR880vyJM5fkc01RsHXZDLNZ_naaWaGgIDSHGMNiOboOpaubvIegeYw83m2P-a40B5DM7mYXd2cL84uhzfkZH96_P2grVUSWg9oa9GqqKhjwdMQWBLUMxWYiYYnBcitCxwQhVMqJDeWXoceAEjSyYvkHYWsuh_zt2RjfjWP70iTHIs6GZo4dSJ68MmCR-Y7j8XIYKyOyNeluqyvFOJYyeLC5lRCSovKtVW5I_J5JX1dqDP-IfcNNb-SQcLr_ADMwFYzsI-ZwYhs1X773RbTtBMMPgP70dainnAZcNpjmPW3w2AngCDhhYDDRuRLlsOBDT_l-3o-AVSDFFkPJHcfSM4KQfjfBHeq7TyigO2lYdnqQQaLmTb4Rjmm7_-Hfj6QZ9hkmTzaJhuLm9v4EeDUwn3KI-cel6oUiA
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Hindawi Publishing Open Access
  dbid: RHX
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwELZoJSQ4oJbntgXlUOCAIuz4FR8XtNWCRLm00t6s-LWtVLZVsxV_vzOOd2EpFVwiOZo4yYw9800cf0PIoQ_SJCplnSITteDKgB-MSIQsIy7EmNjibuRvx2p6Kr7O5KyQJPV3l_Ah2kF6zvRHCLRcG7lFtmCAYVI-na0cLjfSDBTeRtcKwOLq__Y_rt2IPJmgP-_C7aDdrR3ywzNMhX-e33HNOd4c7ZAnBShW48Gyu-RBXDwlj3-jD3xGxpO8ca-eZBoIiB7VCRZ8qL5fxcGuVf4hoDrO5J31lwWuqsdQjS_ml9fny7Mf_XNyejQ5-TytS0mE2gO0WtYqKupY8DQElgT1TAVmouFJAUxrAwf44JQKyTXS69AB2kg6eZG8o5BCdw1_QbYXl4v4ilTJsaiToYlTJ6IHByx4ZL71WHkMJuaIfFipy_rCF45lKy5szhuktKhcW5Q7Im_X0lcDT8Y9cp9Q82sZZLfOJ8DitkwWS3XjA-Od1JoJ3SonQ-uMUB2XTLexGZGXxW6_7sU0bQWDx0A72lLBEw49fuPo591N39sxwEXoEEDXiLzPcjiL4aV8VzYjgGqQD2tD8t2G5HxgA_-b4GEZO_9QwMFqYNniLnqLaTU4QtnQvf_rZZ88wubwLeiAbC-vb-JrQEdL9ybPjVvKwgMx
  priority: 102
  providerName: Hindawi Publishing
Title Energy-Efficient Train Operation Using Nature-Inspired Algorithms
URI https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1170841
https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6173795
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2407638520
https://doaj.org/article/072cd13a57714786b5d8b946a35178e2
Volume 2017
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1bb9MwFLbYJiR4QNwpjCoPAx5QNDu-JU-oQy0FiYKmTeqblfjSIY22LJ34-5zjON0mbi-R2h6lybH9-TvH9ncIObBOVoFKmQfPRC64qgAHPQohS48LMZUv8TTy55manopPczlPCbc2bavsMTECtVtZzJEfYuQBfUUW9N36R45Vo3B1NZXQ2CF7AMElBF97R-PZ1-Mei3klq07du9K5Ah7Zb32XEqJ-pg9h_uYaa0tcm5Sidn88oFvD53qL1bfPMEr--e031I5T0eQ-uZc4ZDbqGv0BueWXD8nda8qCj8hoHM_05eOoEAETS3aCtSCyL2vfNXkW9wpks6jrmX9c4oK7d9nofAEvvTn73j4mp5Pxyftpnqol5BZY1yZXXtGGOUudY0FQy5Rjla94UMDgSseBWTRKudAU0mpXAxEJOlgRbEMhuq4L_oTsLldL_4xkoWFeh4oGThvhLWCz4J7Z0mJRMhizA_K2d5exSUocK1qcmxhSSGnQuSY5d0Beba3XnYTGX-yO0PNbGxS-jl-sLhYmjSNDdWEd47XUmgldqka6sqmEqrlkuvTFgDxN7Xb1X0zTUjB4DGxHk4p7wqXF9Ee7qC_b1oyAScINgY8NyJtohwMcXsrW6ZwCuAalsm5Yvr5hueiEwv9keJD6zn8csN93LJOQpDVX_f75v39-Qe7gzbr00D7Z3Vxc-pdAmDbNkOyUkw_DNDaGMe0A1-Pp_BeVMBGp
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEF5VRQg4IN4ECvjQwgFZ9Xpf3gNCAVIS2oZLKvW22PtIkUoS6lQVf4rfyMzaTlvxOvViyfbIj9l57u58Q8imdUKHTIg0eMpTzqQGO-gRCFl4XIjRvsBq5P2xHB7wT4ficI387GphcFtlZxOjoXZzi3Pk25h5gKyIPHu7-J5i1yhcXe1aaDRiset_nEHKVr8ZfYDx3crzncHk_TBtuwqkFqKTZSq9zCrqbOYcDTyzVDqqvWZBQqRTOAYeuJLShSoXVrkSHHZQwfJgqwyy0BKBDsDkX-OMadSoYudjZ_mZFrrBEtcqlRC1dhvthdjOEacaogWmsJPFBRcYOwXEcuASzsuVZ7h-hDn52dfffER0fDt3yO02Yk36jYjdJWt-do_cuoBjeJ_0B7GCMB1EPApwY8kEO08knxe-EbAk7kxIxhFFNB3NcHnfu6R_PAUWL4--1Q_IwZVw8SFZn81n_jFJQkW9CjoLLKu4t-AJOPPUFhZboIGF6JHXHbuMbYHLsX_GsYkJjBAGmWta5vbI1op60QB2_IXuHXJ-RYMw2_HC_GRqWq01mcqto6wUSlGuClkJV1Say5IJqgqf98ijdtzO30VVVnAKn4HjaNpWonCocbKlnpandW36ELfCAyH665FXkQ7NCfyULduqCGANAnNdonx5iXLawJL_iXCzlZ3_MGCjEyzT2q3anGvZk3_ffkFuDCf7e2ZvNN59Sm7ig5uJqQ2yvjw59c8gVFtWz6N-JOTLVSvkLw36S1s
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwELaqrUBwQLzZUiCHFg4oWjuJ7eSA0JbuqkthqVAr9eYmfmyR2t2l2arir_HrmHGcbStep14iJRnlMZ6n7fmGkA1teOEo57GzLIuzVBRgBy0CIXOLCzGFzbEa-fNY7BxkHw_54Qr52dbC4LbK1iZ6Q21mGufIe5h5gKzwhPZc2Baxtz18P_8eYwcpXGlt22k0IrJrf1xA-la_G23DWG8myXCw_2EnDh0GYg2RyiIWVtCKGU2NYS6jmgnDClukTkDUk5sUvHElhHFVwrU0JThvJ53OnK4oZKQlgh6A-V-V8G20Q1a3BuO9r60fSAteNMjihYwFxLDttnvOewmiVkPskErsa3HFIfq-Ab44uITzcuknbh1jhn7x7TeP4d3g8D65F-LXqN8I3AOyYqcPyd0rqIaPSH_g6wnjgUenAKcW7WMfiujL3DbiFvl9CtHYY4rGoyku9lsT9U8mwOTF8Wn9mBzcCB-fkM50NrXPSOQqZqUrqEtplVkNfiFLLdO5xoZoYC-65G3LLqUDjDl20zhRPp3hXCFzVWBul2wuqecNfMdf6LaQ80saBN32F2ZnExV0WFGZaMPSkkvJMpmLipu8KjJRppzJ3CZd8jSM2-W7mKR5xuAzcBxVaCwKhxqnXupJeV7Xqg9RLDwQYsEueePp0LjAT-ky1EgAaxCm6xrl62uUkwak_E-EG0F2_sOA9VawVLBitbrUubV_335FboMyqk-j8e5zcgef28xSrZPO4uzcvoC4bVG9DAoSkaOb1slfTUNQ7Q
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Energy-Efficient+Train+Operation+Using+Nature-Inspired+Algorithms&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+advanced+transportation&rft.au=Keskin%2C+Kemal&rft.au=Karamancioglu%2C+Abdurrahman&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc&rft.issn=0197-6729&rft.volume=2017&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155%2F2017%2F6173795&rft.externalDBID=N95&rft.externalDocID=A545147658
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0197-6729&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0197-6729&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0197-6729&client=summon