A national cohort study (2000–2018) of long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia in older adults in the United States

Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000–2018), combined with...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 6754 - 9
Main Authors Shi, Liuhua, Steenland, Kyle, Li, Haomin, Liu, Pengfei, Zhang, Yuhan, Lyles, Robert H., Requia, Weeberb J., Ilango, Sindana D., Chang, Howard H., Wingo, Thomas, Weber, Rodney J., Schwartz, Joel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 19.11.2021
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
692/617/375/132/1283
704/844/4081
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Air Pollutants - adverse effects
Air pollution
Air Pollution - adverse effects
Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data
Alzheimer's disease
Chronic conditions
Cohort analysis
Confidence intervals
Dementia
Dementia - epidemiology
Dementia - etiology
Dementia disorders
Environmental Exposure - adverse effects
Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data
Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data
Exposure
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Incidence
Male
multidisciplinary
Neurodegenerative diseases
Nitrogen dioxide
Older people
Particulate matter
Particulate Matter - adverse effects
Pollutants
Population studies
Risk Factors
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
United States - epidemiology
United States
United States > US
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000–2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases ( N  = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases ( N  = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM 2.5 (3.2 µg/m 3 ), NO 2 (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O 3 (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM 2.5 and NO 2 were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM 2.5 and NO 2 are associated with incidence of dementia and AD. Air pollution has been linked to neurodegenerative disease. Here the authors carried out a population-based cohort study to investigate the association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and warm-season O 3 on dementia and Alzheimer’s disease incidence in the United States.
AbstractList Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000-2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases (N = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases (N = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM2.5 (3.2 µg/m3), NO2 (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O3 (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM2.5 and NO2 were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with incidence of dementia and AD.Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000-2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases (N = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases (N = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM2.5 (3.2 µg/m3), NO2 (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O3 (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM2.5 and NO2 were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with incidence of dementia and AD.
Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000–2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases ( N  = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases ( N  = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM 2.5 (3.2 µg/m 3 ), NO 2 (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O 3 (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM 2.5 and NO 2 were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM 2.5 and NO 2 are associated with incidence of dementia and AD.
Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000–2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases (N = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases (N = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM2.5 (3.2 µg/m3), NO2 (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O3 (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM2.5 and NO2 were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with incidence of dementia and AD.Air pollution has been linked to neurodegenerative disease. Here the authors carried out a population-based cohort study to investigate the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and warm-season O3 on dementia and Alzheimer’s disease incidence in the United States.
Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000-2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM ), nitrogen dioxide (NO ), and ozone (O ) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases (N = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases (N = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM (3.2 µg/m ), NO (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM and NO were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM and NO are associated with incidence of dementia and AD.
Air pollution has been linked to neurodegenerative disease. Here the authors carried out a population-based cohort study to investigate the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and warm-season O3 on dementia and Alzheimer’s disease incidence in the United States.
Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000–2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases ( N  = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases ( N  = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM 2.5 (3.2 µg/m 3 ), NO 2 (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O 3 (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM 2.5 and NO 2 were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM 2.5 and NO 2 are associated with incidence of dementia and AD. Air pollution has been linked to neurodegenerative disease. Here the authors carried out a population-based cohort study to investigate the association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and warm-season O 3 on dementia and Alzheimer’s disease incidence in the United States.
ArticleNumber 6754
Author Schwartz, Joel
Zhang, Yuhan
Ilango, Sindana D.
Shi, Liuhua
Chang, Howard H.
Steenland, Kyle
Lyles, Robert H.
Weber, Rodney J.
Requia, Weeberb J.
Wingo, Thomas
Liu, Pengfei
Li, Haomin
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  surname: Steenland
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  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Haomin
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-7564-3364
  surname: Requia
  fullname: Requia, Weeberb J.
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  surname: Ilango
  fullname: Ilango, Sindana D.
  organization: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
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  givenname: Howard H.
  surname: Chang
  fullname: Chang, Howard H.
  organization: Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
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  givenname: Joel
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6168-378X
  surname: Schwartz
  fullname: Schwartz, Joel
  organization: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34799599$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we...
Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we...
Air pollution has been linked to neurodegenerative disease. Here the authors carried out a population-based cohort study to investigate the association between...
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StartPage 6754
SubjectTerms 692/617/375/132/1283
704/844/4081
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Air Pollutants - adverse effects
Air pollution
Air Pollution - adverse effects
Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data
Alzheimer's disease
Chronic conditions
Cohort analysis
Confidence intervals
Dementia
Dementia - epidemiology
Dementia - etiology
Dementia disorders
Environmental Exposure - adverse effects
Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data
Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data
Exposure
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Incidence
Male
multidisciplinary
Neurodegenerative diseases
Nitrogen dioxide
Older people
Particulate matter
Particulate Matter - adverse effects
Pollutants
Population studies
Risk Factors
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
United States - epidemiology
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Title A national cohort study (2000–2018) of long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia in older adults in the United States
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-021-27049-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34799599
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8604909
https://doaj.org/article/0217894086a24a33aac44e1c8bc87b9f
Volume 12
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