Evidence of plasma biomarkers indicating high risk of dementia in cognitively normal subjects

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 1192 - 7
• Main Authors: Pai, Ming-Chyi, Wu, Chau-Chung, Hou, Yi-Chou, Jeng, Jiann-Shing, Tang, Sung-Chun, Lin, Wei-Che, Lu, Cheng-Hsien, Chiu, Ming-Jang, Chen, Ta-Fu, Yan, Sui-Hing, Hu, Chaur-Jong, Yang, Shieh-Yueh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 24.01.2022; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/378; 692/499; 692/53; 692/617; 692/699; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides - blood; Apnea; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Case-Control Studies; Cognition; Dementia; Dementia - blood; Dementia - etiology; Dementia disorders; Diabetes; Diabetes Complications - blood; Diabetes mellitus; End-stage renal disease; Female; Genetics; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Kidney diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic - blood; Kidney Failure, Chronic - complications; Male; Middle Aged; multidisciplinary; Neurodegeneration; Neurodegenerative diseases; Peptide Fragments - blood; Plasma; Plasma levels; Risk Assessment; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sleep apnea; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - blood; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - complications; Sleep disorders; Stroke; Stroke - blood; Stroke - complications; Tau protein; tau Proteins - blood
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05177-z

Subjects with comorbidities are at risk for neurodegeneration. There is a lack of a direct relationship between comorbidities and neurodegeneration. In this study, immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assays were utilized to assay plasma Aβ 1–42 and total tau protein (T-Tau) levels in poststroke (PS, n = 27), family history of Alzheimer’s disease (ADFH, n = 35), diabetes (n = 21), end-stage renal disease (ESRD, n = 41), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, n = 20), Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 65). Thirty-seven healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The measured concentrations of plasma Aβ 1–42 were 14.26 ± 1.42, 15.43 ± 1.76, 15.52 ± 1.60, 16.15 ± 1.05, 16.52 ± 0.59, 15.97 ± 0.54 and 20.06 ± 3.09 pg/mL in HC, PS, ADFH, diabetes, ESRD, OSA and AD groups, respectively. The corresponding concentrations of plasma T-Tau were 15.13 ± 3.62, 19.29 ± 8.01, 17.93 ± 6.26, 19.74 ± 2.92, 21.54 ± 2.72, 20.17 ± 2.77 and 41.24 ± 14.64 pg/mL. The plasma levels of Aβ 1–42 and T-Tau in were significantly higher in the PS, ADFH, diabetes, ESRD and OSA groups than controls (Aβ 1–42 in PS: 15.43 ± 1.76 pg/mL vs. 14.26 ± 1.42 pg/mL, p < 0.005; T-Tau in PS: 19.29 ± 8.01 vs. 15.13 ± 3.62 pg/mL, p < 0.005, Aβ 1–42 in ADFH: 15.52 ± 1.60 pg/mL vs. 14.26 ± 1.42 pg/mL, p < 0.001; T-Tau in ADFH: 17.93 ± 6.26 vs. 15.13 ± 3.62 pg/mL, p < 0.005, Aβ 1–42 in diabetes: 16.15 ± 1.05 pg/mL vs. 14.26 ± 1.42 pg/mL, p < 0.001; T-Tau in diabetes: 19.74 ± 2.92 vs. 15.13 ± 3.62 pg/mL, p < 0.001, Aβ 1–42 in ESRD: 16.52 ± 0.59 pg/mL vs. 14.26 ± 1.42 pg/mL, p < 0.001; T-Tau in ESRD: 21.54 ± 2.72 vs. 15.13 ± 3.62 pg/mL, p < 0.001, Aβ 1–42 in OSA: 15.97 ± 0.54 pg/mL vs. 14.26 ± 1.42 pg/mL, p < 0.001; T-Tau in OSA: 20.17 ± 2.77 vs. 15.13 ± 3.62 pg/mL, p < 0.001). This evidence indicates the high risk for dementia in these groups from the perspective of plasma biomarkers.