Human Migration, Protected Areas, and Conservation Outreach in Tanzania

A recent discussion debates the extent of human in‐migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to bordering areas to access conservation outreach benefits. A counter proposal maintains that PAs have largely negative effects on local popula...

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Published inConservation biology Vol. 28; no. 3; pp. 841 - 850
Main Authors SALERNO, JONATHAN D, MULDER, MONIQUE BORGERHOFF, KEFAUVER, SHAWN C
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hoboken, NJ Blackwell Science, Inc 01.06.2014
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Wiley Periodicals Inc
Wiley-Blackwell
Subjects
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Behavioral sciences
Biodiversity conservation
Biological and medical sciences
community-based conservation
conservación basada en la comunidad
conservation areas
Conservation biology
Conservation of Natural Resources
Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife
Contributed Papers
crecimiento de la población
Demecology
Demography
East Africa
Fertility rates
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Geography
Human Migration
Humans
Information Dissemination
issues and policy
Land productivity
Mathematical models
migrantes rurales
Migration
Models, Theoretical
National parks
outreach
Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking
parques nacionales
Population density
Population Dynamics
population growth
Population growth rate
Protected areas
Rural areas
rural migrants
Tanzania
tropics
vegetation
África Oriental
Tanzania
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Africa
Africa
Human
rural migrants
Population growth
Rural environment
Tropical zone
Migration
Conservation
Protected area
National park
Migratory
community-based conservation
Community
East Africa
Environmental protection
national parks
África Oriental
parques nacionales
crecimiento de la población
migrantes rurales
conservación basada en la comunidad
population growth
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Abstract A recent discussion debates the extent of human in‐migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to bordering areas to access conservation outreach benefits. A counter proposal maintains that PAs have largely negative effects on local populations and that outreach initiatives even if successful present insufficient benefits to drive in‐migration. Using data from Tanzania, we examined merits of statistical tests and spatial methods used previously to evaluate migration near PAs and applied hierarchical modeling with appropriate controls for demographic and geographic factors to advance the debate. Areas bordering national parks in Tanzania did not have elevated rates of in‐migration. Low baseline population density and high vegetation productivity with low interannual variation rather than conservation outreach explained observed migration patterns. More generally we argue that to produce results of conservation policy significance, analyses must be conducted at appropriate scales, and we caution against use of demographic data without appropriate controls when drawing conclusions about migration dynamics. La Migración Humana, Áreas Protegidas y el Alcance de la Conservación en Tanzania
AbstractList A recent discussion debates the extent of human in-migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to bordering areas to access conservation outreach benefits. A counter proposal maintains that PAs have largely negative effects on local populations and that outreach initiatives even if successful present insufficient benefits to drive in-migration. Using data from Tanzania, we examined merits of statistical tests and spatial methods used previously to evaluate migration near PAs and applied hierarchical modeling with appropriate controls for demographic and geographic factors to advance the debate. Areas bordering national parks in Tanzania did not have elevated rates of in-migration. Low baseline population density and high vegetation productivity with low interannual variation rather than conservation outreach explained observed migration patterns. More generally we argue that to produce results of conservation policy significance, analyses must be conducted at appropriate scales, and we caution against use of demographic data without appropriate controls when drawing conclusions about migration dynamics.
A recent discussion debates the extent of human in‐migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to bordering areas to access conservation outreach benefits. A counter proposal maintains that PAs have largely negative effects on local populations and that outreach initiatives even if successful present insufficient benefits to drive in‐migration. Using data from Tanzania, we examined merits of statistical tests and spatial methods used previously to evaluate migration near PAs and applied hierarchical modeling with appropriate controls for demographic and geographic factors to advance the debate. Areas bordering national parks in Tanzania did not have elevated rates of in‐migration. Low baseline population density and high vegetation productivity with low interannual variation rather than conservation outreach explained observed migration patterns. More generally we argue that to produce results of conservation policy significance, analyses must be conducted at appropriate scales, and we caution against use of demographic data without appropriate controls when drawing conclusions about migration dynamics. La Migración Humana, Áreas Protegidas y el Alcance de la Conservación en Tanzania Una discusión reciente debate la extensión de la inmigración humana en áreas protegidas en los trópicos. Un argumento propuesto es que los migrantes rurales se mudan a áreas fronterizas para acceder a los beneficios del alcance de la conservación. Una contrapropuesta mantiene que las áreas protegidas tienen un efecto negativo mayor sobre las poblaciones locales y que las iniciativas de alcance, aunque sean exitosas, presentan beneficios insuficientes para conducir la inmigración. Usando datos de Tanzania, examinamos los méritos de pruebas estadísticas y métodos espaciales usados previamente para evaluar la migración cerca de áreas protegidas y aplicamos un modelo jerárquico con controles apropiados para los factores demográficos y geográficos para avanzar el debate. Las áreas fronterizas en los parques nacionales en Tanzania no tuvieron tasas elevadas de inmigración. La baja densidad de población base y la alta productividad de vegetación con variación interanual baja más que explicar el alcance de la conservación, explicaron los patrones de migración. Más generalizado, discutimos que para producir resultados significativos de política de conservación, los análisis se deben hacer en escalas apropiadas y advertimos sobre el uso de datos demográficos sin un control apropiado al concluir sobre las dinámicas de migración.
A recent discussion debates the extent of human in-migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to bordering areas to access conservation outreach benefits. A counter proposal maintains that PAs have largely negative effects on local populations and that outreach initiatives even if successful present insufficient benefits to drive in-migration. Using data from Tanzania, we examined merits of statistical tests and spatial methods used previously to evaluate migration near PAs and applied hierarchical modeling with appropriate controls for demographic and geographic factors to advance the debate. Areas bordering national parks in Tanzania did not have elevated rates of in-migration. Low baseline population density and high vegetation productivity with low interannual variation rather than conservation outreach explained observed migration patterns. More generally we argue that to produce results of conservation policy significance, analyses must be conducted at appropriate scales, and we caution against use of demographic data without appropriate controls when drawing conclusions about migration dynamics.Original Abstract: La Migracion Humana, Areas Protegidas y el Alcance de la Conservacion en Tanzania Una discusion reciente debate la extension de la inmigracion humana en areas protegidas en los tropicos. Un argumento propuesto es que los migrantes rurales se mudan a areas fronterizas para acceder a los beneficios del alcance de la conservacion. Una contrapropuesta mantiene que las areas protegidas tienen un efecto negativo mayor sobre las poblaciones locales y que las iniciativas de alcance, aunque sean exitosas, presentan beneficios insuficientes para conducir la inmigracion. Usando datos de Tanzania, examinamos los meritos de pruebas estadisticas y metodos espaciales usados previamente para evaluar la migracion cerca de areas protegidas y aplicamos un modelo jerarquico con controles apropiados para los factores demograficos y geograficos para avanzar el debate. Las areas fronterizas en los parques nacionales en Tanzania no tuvieron tasas elevadas de inmigracion. La baja densidad de poblacion base y la alta productividad de vegetacion con variacion interanual baja mas que explicar el alcance de la conservacion, explicaron los patrones de migracion. Mas generalizado, discutimos que para producir resultados significativos de politica de conservacion, los analisis se deben hacer en escalas apropiadas y advertimos sobre el uso de datos demograficos sin un control apropiado al concluir sobre las dinamicas de migracion.
A recent discussion debates the extent of human in‐migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to bordering areas to access conservation outreach benefits. A counter proposal maintains that PAs have largely negative effects on local populations and that outreach initiatives even if successful present insufficient benefits to drive in‐migration. Using data from Tanzania, we examined merits of statistical tests and spatial methods used previously to evaluate migration near PAs and applied hierarchical modeling with appropriate controls for demographic and geographic factors to advance the debate. Areas bordering national parks in Tanzania did not have elevated rates of in‐migration. Low baseline population density and high vegetation productivity with low interannual variation rather than conservation outreach explained observed migration patterns. More generally we argue that to produce results of conservation policy significance, analyses must be conducted at appropriate scales, and we caution against use of demographic data without appropriate controls when drawing conclusions about migration dynamics. La Migración Humana, Áreas Protegidas y el Alcance de la Conservación en Tanzania Resumen Una discusión reciente debate la extensión de la inmigración humana en áreas protegidas en los trópicos. Un argumento propuesto es que los migrantes rurales se mudan a áreas fronterizas para acceder a los beneficios del alcance de la conservación. Una contrapropuesta mantiene que las áreas protegidas tienen un efecto negativo mayor sobre las poblaciones locales y que las iniciativas de alcance, aunque sean exitosas, presentan beneficios insuficientes para conducir la inmigración. Usando datos de Tanzania, examinamos los méritos de pruebas estadísticas y métodos espaciales usados previamente para evaluar la migración cerca de áreas protegidas y aplicamos un modelo jerárquico con controles apropiados para los factores demográficos y geográficos para avanzar el debate. Las áreas fronterizas en los parques nacionales en Tanzania no tuvieron tasas elevadas de inmigración. La baja densidad de población base y la alta productividad de vegetación con variación interanual baja más que explicar el alcance de la conservación, explicaron los patrones de migración. Más generalizado, discutimos que para producir resultados significativos de política de conservación, los análisis se deben hacer en escalas apropiadas y advertimos sobre el uso de datos demográficos sin un control apropiado al concluir sobre las dinámicas de migración.
A recent discussion debates the extent of human in-migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to bordering areas to access conservation outreach benefits. A counter proposal maintains that PAs have largely negative effects on local populations and that outreach initiatives even if successful present insufficient benefits to drive in-migration. Using data from Tanzania, we examined merits of statistical tests and spatial methods used previously to evaluate migration near PAs and applied hierarchical modeling with appropriate controls for demographic and geographic factors to advance the debate. Areas bordering national parks in Tanzania did not have elevated rates of in-migration. Low baseline population density and high vegetation productivity with low interannual variation rather than conservation outreach explained observed migration patterns. More generally we argue that to produce results of conservation policy significance, analyses must be conducted at appropriate scales, and we caution against use of demographic data without appropriate controls when drawing conclusions about migration dynamics. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
A recent discussion debates the extent of human in-migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to bordering areas to access conservation outreach benefits. A counter proposal maintains that PAs have largely negative effects on local populations and that outreach initiatives even if successful present insufficient benefits to drive in-migration. Using data from Tanzania, we examined merits of statistical tests and spatial methods used previously to evaluate migration near PAs and applied hierarchical modeling with appropriate controls for demographic and geographic factors to advance the debate. Areas bordering national parks in Tanzania did not have elevated rates of inmigration. Low baseline population density and high vegetation productivity with low interannual variation rather than conservation outreach explained observed migration patterns. More generally we argue that to produce results of conservation policy significance, analyses must be conducted at appropriate scales, and we caution against use of demographic data without appropriate controls when drawing conclusions about migration dynamics. Una discusión reciente debate la extensión de la inmigración humana en áreas protegidas en los trópicos. Un argumento propuesto es que los migrantes rurales se mudan a áreas fronterizas para acceder a los beneficios del alcance de la conservación. Una contrapropuesta mantiene que las áreas protegidas tienen un efecto negativo mayor sobre las poblaciones locales y que las iniciativas de alcance, aunque sean exitosas, presentan beneficios insuficientes para conducir la inmigración. Usando datos de Tanzania, examinamos los méritos de pruebas estadísticas y métodos espaciales usados previamente para evaluar la migración cerca de áreas protegidas y aplicamos un modelo jerárquico con controles apropiados para los factores demográficos y geográficos para avanzar el debate. Las áreas fronterizas en los parques nacionales en Tanzania no tuvieron tasas elevadas de inmigración. La baja densidad de población base y la alta productividad de vegetación con variación interanual baja más que explicar el alcance de la conservación, explicaron los patrones de migración. Más generalizado, discutimos que para producir resultados significativos de política de conservación, los análisis se deben hacer en escalas apropiadas y advertimos sobre el uso de datos demográficos sin un control apropiado al concluir sobre las dinámicas de migración.
A recent discussion debates the extent of human in‐migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to bordering areas to access conservation outreach benefits. A counter proposal maintains that PAs have largely negative effects on local populations and that outreach initiatives even if successful present insufficient benefits to drive in‐migration. Using data from Tanzania, we examined merits of statistical tests and spatial methods used previously to evaluate migration near PAs and applied hierarchical modeling with appropriate controls for demographic and geographic factors to advance the debate. Areas bordering national parks in Tanzania did not have elevated rates of in‐migration. Low baseline population density and high vegetation productivity with low interannual variation rather than conservation outreach explained observed migration patterns. More generally we argue that to produce results of conservation policy significance, analyses must be conducted at appropriate scales, and we caution against use of demographic data without appropriate controls when drawing conclusions about migration dynamics. La Migración Humana, Áreas Protegidas y el Alcance de la Conservación en Tanzania
Author MULDER, MONIQUE BORGERHOFF
SALERNO, JONATHAN D.
KEFAUVER, SHAWN C.
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Issue 3
Keywords Human
rural migrants
Population growth
Rural environment
Tropical zone
Migration
Conservation
Protected area
National park
Migratory
community-based conservation
Community
East Africa
Environmental protection
national parks
África Oriental
parques nacionales
crecimiento de la población
migrantes rurales
conservación basada en la comunidad
population growth
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
2014 Society for Conservation Biology.
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Notes http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12237
ark:/67375/WNG-BTHM4Z0Q-Z
ArticleID:COBI12237
Department of African American and African Studies at UC Davis
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National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
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OpenAccessLink https://escholarship.org/content/qt17d0m79m/qt17d0m79m.pdf?t=o42u7q
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  text: June 2014
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PublicationTitle Conservation biology
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Publisher Blackwell Science, Inc
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Wiley Periodicals Inc
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1993; 7
2012
2011
2006; 35
2010
2000; 21
2008; 18
1997; 25
2002; 8
2009
2008
2007
2005; 20
2006
2005
2012; 147
2005; 26
2008; 321
2007; 32
2010; 41
2003; 32
2001; 20
2012; 109
2009; 28
2011; 9
2012; 50
1994; 8
2006; 20
2010; 48
2010; 24
2002; 64
1997; 31
2001; 291
1995; 23
2006; 28
2000; 404
2003; 24
2005; 30
2012; 26
2009; 4
1995; 29
2011; 25
2008; 42
2005; 15
2007; 21
2012; 7
1998; 8
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Snippet A recent discussion debates the extent of human in‐migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to...
A recent discussion debates the extent of human in-migration around protected areas (PAs) in the tropics. One proposed argument is that rural migrants move to...
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SubjectTerms Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Behavioral sciences
Biodiversity conservation
Biological and medical sciences
community-based conservation
conservación basada en la comunidad
conservation areas
Conservation biology
Conservation of Natural Resources
Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife
Contributed Papers
crecimiento de la población
Demecology
Demography
East Africa
Fertility rates
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Geography
Human Migration
Humans
Information Dissemination
issues and policy
Land productivity
Mathematical models
migrantes rurales
Migration
Models, Theoretical
National parks
outreach
Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking
parques nacionales
Population density
Population Dynamics
population growth
Population growth rate
Protected areas
Rural areas
rural migrants
Tanzania
tropics
vegetation
África Oriental
Title Human Migration, Protected Areas, and Conservation Outreach in Tanzania
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-BTHM4Z0Q-Z/fulltext.pdf
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24480346
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fcobi.12237
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24476123
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1524264348
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1525765684
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1529957682
Volume 28
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