Urinary specific gravity measures in the U.S. population: Implications for the adjustment of non-persistent chemical urinary biomarker data
•Urinary biomarkers are subject to measurement error due to urine dilution.•Urine creatinine or specific gravity are often used to correct for dilution.•Urine creatinine and specific gravity vary systematically by several factors.•Methods to correct for dilution should account for these factors to m...
Saved in:
| Published in | Environment international Vol. 156; p. 106656 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2021
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0160-4120 1873-6750 1873-6750 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656 |
Cover
| Abstract | •Urinary biomarkers are subject to measurement error due to urine dilution.•Urine creatinine or specific gravity are often used to correct for dilution.•Urine creatinine and specific gravity vary systematically by several factors.•Methods to correct for dilution should account for these factors to minimize bias.
Urinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health conditions. It is unknown whether these factors similarly influence specific gravity.
To identify predictors of specific gravity and creatinine and compare methods for correcting estimated chemical concentrations for sample dilution using these measures.
We assessed predictors of urinary specific gravity and creatinine among NHANES 2007–2008 participants (n = 7257). We corrected concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) for dilution using two methods, each applied to both specific gravity and creatinine: correction using a sample mean of the dilution indicator (i.e., specific gravity or creatinine) and covariate-adjusted standardization. We compared distributions and assessed the agreement of uncorrected or corrected concentrations visually using Bland-Altman plots and statistically by Kendall’s τa. We stratified all analyses by age category (i.e., 6–19 or 20+ years of age).
Gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and height were associated with urinary specific gravity and creatinine. Distributions of corrected MnBP concentrations were comparable for both methods and dilution indicators, but agreement between methods was greater for specific gravity. Additionally, specific gravity- and creatinine-corrected MnBP concentrations had slightly greater agreement with each other when corrected using a covariate-adjusted standardization method.
Specific gravity, like creatinine, is associated with sociodemographic and body composition variables. Accounting for these factors as part of the dilution correction method may be important to minimize bias. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Urinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health conditions. It is unknown whether these factors similarly influence specific gravity. To identify predictors of specific gravity and creatinine and compare methods for correcting estimated chemical concentrations for sample dilution using these measures. We assessed predictors of urinary specific gravity and creatinine among NHANES 2007–2008 participants (n = 7257). We corrected concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) for dilution using two methods, each applied to both specific gravity and creatinine: correction using a sample mean of the dilution indicator (i.e., specific gravity or creatinine) and covariate-adjusted standardization. We compared distributions and assessed the agreement of uncorrected or corrected concentrations visually using Bland-Altman plots and statistically by Kendall’s τa. We stratified all analyses by age category (i.e., 6–19 or 20+ years of age). Gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and height were associated with urinary specific gravity and creatinine. Distributions of corrected MnBP concentrations were comparable for both methods and dilution indicators, but agreement between methods was greater for specific gravity. Additionally, specific gravity- and creatinine-corrected MnBP concentrations had slightly greater agreement with each other when corrected using a covariate-adjusted standardization method. Specific gravity, like creatinine, is associated with sociodemographic and body composition variables. Accounting for these factors as part of the dilution correction method may be important to minimize bias. Urinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health conditions. It is unknown whether these factors similarly influence specific gravity.BACKGROUNDUrinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health conditions. It is unknown whether these factors similarly influence specific gravity.To identify predictors of specific gravity and creatinine and compare methods for correcting estimated chemical concentrations for sample dilution using these measures.OBJECTIVESTo identify predictors of specific gravity and creatinine and compare methods for correcting estimated chemical concentrations for sample dilution using these measures.We assessed predictors of urinary specific gravity and creatinine among NHANES 2007-2008 participants (n = 7257). We corrected concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) for dilution using two methods, each applied to both specific gravity and creatinine: correction using a sample mean of the dilution indicator (i.e., specific gravity or creatinine) and covariate-adjusted standardization. We compared distributions and assessed the agreement of uncorrected or corrected concentrations visually using Bland-Altman plots and statistically by Kendall's τa. We stratified all analyses by age category (i.e., 6-19 or 20+ years of age).METHODSWe assessed predictors of urinary specific gravity and creatinine among NHANES 2007-2008 participants (n = 7257). We corrected concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) for dilution using two methods, each applied to both specific gravity and creatinine: correction using a sample mean of the dilution indicator (i.e., specific gravity or creatinine) and covariate-adjusted standardization. We compared distributions and assessed the agreement of uncorrected or corrected concentrations visually using Bland-Altman plots and statistically by Kendall's τa. We stratified all analyses by age category (i.e., 6-19 or 20+ years of age).Gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and height were associated with urinary specific gravity and creatinine. Distributions of corrected MnBP concentrations were comparable for both methods and dilution indicators, but agreement between methods was greater for specific gravity. Additionally, specific gravity- and creatinine-corrected MnBP concentrations had slightly greater agreement with each other when corrected using a covariate-adjusted standardization method.RESULTSGender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and height were associated with urinary specific gravity and creatinine. Distributions of corrected MnBP concentrations were comparable for both methods and dilution indicators, but agreement between methods was greater for specific gravity. Additionally, specific gravity- and creatinine-corrected MnBP concentrations had slightly greater agreement with each other when corrected using a covariate-adjusted standardization method.Specific gravity, like creatinine, is associated with sociodemographic and body composition variables. Accounting for these factors as part of the dilution correction method may be important to minimize bias.DISCUSSIONSpecific gravity, like creatinine, is associated with sociodemographic and body composition variables. Accounting for these factors as part of the dilution correction method may be important to minimize bias. Background: Urinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health conditions. It is unknown whether these factors similarly influence specific gravity. Objectives: To identify predictors of specific gravity and creatinine and compare methods for correcting estimated chemical concentrations for sample dilution using these measures. Methods: We assessed predictors of urinary specific gravity and creatinine among NHANES 2007–2008 participants (n = 7257). We corrected concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) for dilution using two methods, each applied to both specific gravity and creatinine: correction using a sample mean of the dilution indicator (i.e., specific gravity or creatinine) and covariate-adjusted standardization. We compared distributions and assessed the agreement of uncorrected or corrected concentrations visually using Bland-Altman plots and statistically by Kendall’s τa. We stratified all analyses by age category (i.e., 6–19 or 20+ years of age). Results: Gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and height were associated with urinary specific gravity and creatinine. Distributions of corrected MnBP concentrations were comparable for both methods and dilution indicators, but agreement between methods was greater for specific gravity. Additionally, specific gravity- and creatinine-corrected MnBP concentrations had slightly greater agreement with each other when corrected using a covariate-adjusted standardization method. Discussion: Specific gravity, like creatinine, is associated with sociodemographic and body composition variables. Accounting for these factors as part of the dilution correction method may be important to minimize bias. •Urinary biomarkers are subject to measurement error due to urine dilution.•Urine creatinine or specific gravity are often used to correct for dilution.•Urine creatinine and specific gravity vary systematically by several factors.•Methods to correct for dilution should account for these factors to minimize bias. Urinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health conditions. It is unknown whether these factors similarly influence specific gravity. To identify predictors of specific gravity and creatinine and compare methods for correcting estimated chemical concentrations for sample dilution using these measures. We assessed predictors of urinary specific gravity and creatinine among NHANES 2007–2008 participants (n = 7257). We corrected concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) for dilution using two methods, each applied to both specific gravity and creatinine: correction using a sample mean of the dilution indicator (i.e., specific gravity or creatinine) and covariate-adjusted standardization. We compared distributions and assessed the agreement of uncorrected or corrected concentrations visually using Bland-Altman plots and statistically by Kendall’s τa. We stratified all analyses by age category (i.e., 6–19 or 20+ years of age). Gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and height were associated with urinary specific gravity and creatinine. Distributions of corrected MnBP concentrations were comparable for both methods and dilution indicators, but agreement between methods was greater for specific gravity. Additionally, specific gravity- and creatinine-corrected MnBP concentrations had slightly greater agreement with each other when corrected using a covariate-adjusted standardization method. Specific gravity, like creatinine, is associated with sociodemographic and body composition variables. Accounting for these factors as part of the dilution correction method may be important to minimize bias. |
| ArticleNumber | 106656 |
| Author | Ferguson, Kelly K. Kuiper, Jordan R. O'Brien, Katie M. Buckley, Jessie P. |
| AuthorAffiliation | c Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA a Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA b Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: c Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA – name: a Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA – name: b Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jordan R. surname: Kuiper fullname: Kuiper, Jordan R. email: jkuiper1@jhmi.edu organization: Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Katie M. surname: O'Brien fullname: O'Brien, Katie M. organization: Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Kelly K. surname: Ferguson fullname: Ferguson, Kelly K. organization: Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Jessie P. surname: Buckley fullname: Buckley, Jessie P. organization: Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA |
| BookMark | eNqFUsuO0zAUjdAg5gF_wMJLNi1-JLYzCyQ04lFpJBbQtXXj3LQuSRxsp1K_gZ_GfbAYFszK9vU5577ObXE1-hGL4i2jS0aZfL9b4rh3Y1pyylkOSVnJF8UN00ospKroVXGTYXRRMk6vi9sYd5RSXurqVXEtSiq5qKub4vc6uBHCgcQJreucJZsAe5cOZECIc8BI3EjSFsl6-X1JJj_NPSTnx3uyGqbe2dMjks6HEwra3RzTgGMiviO55MWEIbqYjhG7xSEzejJfkjbODxB-YiAtJHhdvOygj_jmct4V68-ffjx8XTx--7J6-Pi4sJWo06JRjCoBrW45lR02jHb5ThEApQWlO4CGW25FicoCSEorVlpsNaOcNrUSd8XqrNt62JkpuFzDwXhw5hTwYWMgJGd7NA2ChVa1pZJ12SqheaNLVivFG6hrYbPWh7PWNDcDtja3GaB_Ivr0Z3Rbs_F7o4WmshZZ4N1FIPhfM8ZkBhct9j2M6OdoeFWxmmuVsz0PFbKUWgueofdnqA0-xoCdsS6dVpWLcL1h1BxNZHbmbCJzNJE5myiTy3_If9t5hnYZBebd7R0GE63DMU_eBbQpD9f9X-APjC_oLg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1039_D3AY01605F crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2022_114793 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2023_115741 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2022_113342 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2024_118633 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2024_119205 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2023_107922 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2025_120950 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2022_155596 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00467_025_06681_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_168119 crossref_primary_10_1097_EDE_0000000000001496 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2024_109227 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheh_2023_114115 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eti_2025_104111 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapediatrics_2022_2252 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_1c04926 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41370_023_00627_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2024_116400 crossref_primary_10_3390_children11091045 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2024_119910 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ntt_2023_107152 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2024_108726 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2023_121896 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2023_107898 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheh_2023_114142 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2022_135599 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_024_01548_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheh_2022_113993 crossref_primary_10_1289_EHP11760 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12940_022_00920_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12403_024_00626_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2022_130653 crossref_primary_10_1289_EHP13182 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4098346 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2022_113897 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxics10110692 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2022_159935 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e37722 crossref_primary_10_52420_umj_23_3_46 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamapsychiatry_2023_3542 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules28062505 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_1c08942 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2024_116414 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtemb_2024_127461 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_langmuir_4c00374 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2024_108912 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4195941 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2024_108678 crossref_primary_10_1289_EHP13937 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_168729 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40572_022_00366_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_163327 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_3c04043 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2023_107816 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheh_2024_114377 crossref_primary_10_1289_EHP11798 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2023_108194 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_therwi_2023_100063 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2023_139167 crossref_primary_10_1093_humrep_deae152 crossref_primary_10_3389_frph_2023_1304725 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2024_141330 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_172368 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12940_024_01065_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2023_123131 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_reprotox_2023_108350 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41370_022_00457_2 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_3c03401 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41370_023_00535_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2022_793278 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00769_024_01595_w crossref_primary_10_1038_s41370_023_00555_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2024_108866 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_36166_5 crossref_primary_10_1155_tsm2_8827027 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgad584 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxics10060311 crossref_primary_10_1289_EHP12831 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2021_126683 crossref_primary_10_1002_ajhb_24139 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2024_109071 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_4c13266 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1681/ASN.2008030287 10.1016/j.envres.2007.08.005 10.1080/1047322X.1990.10389587 10.1289/ehp.1510041 10.1093/biomet/30.1-2.81 10.1080/15298669391355134 10.1039/b921073c 10.1038/ki.2010.462 10.1007/s00420-011-0658-z 10.1007/s40572-017-0122-7 10.1186/s12940-017-0247-z 10.1289/ehp.7337 10.1080/0002889748507072 10.1289/ehp.1509693 10.1037/1082-989X.6.4.352 10.1038/s41370-018-0043-z 10.1186/1476-069X-13-43 10.1007/s004670000551 10.1038/jes.2008.48 10.1186/s12940-016-0152-x 10.1002/jcla.21693 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.009 10.1007/s004200000190 10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006 10.1186/s12940-020-00610-0 10.1186/1476-069X-8-8 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2021 The Author(s) Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2021 The Author(s) – notice: Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. |
| DBID | 6I. AAFTH AAYXX CITATION 7X8 7S9 L.6 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656 |
| DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | AGRICOLA MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Public Health Environmental Sciences |
| EISSN | 1873-6750 |
| EndPage | 106656 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_beacad7d47694d7382b8419772ba993c PMC8380693 10_1016_j_envint_2021_106656 S0160412021002816 |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M .~1 0R~ 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29G 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5GY 5VS 6I. 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAFTH AAFWJ AAHBH AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AATTM AAXKI AAXUO ABEFU ABFNM ABFYP ABJNI ABLST ABMAC ABWVN ABXDB ACDAQ ACGFS ACRLP ACRPL ADEZE ADMUD ADNMO ADVLN AEBSH AEGFY AEIPS AEKER AENEX AFJKZ AFPKN AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHEUO AHHHB AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AKIFW AKRWK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLECG BLXMC BNPGV CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA GROUPED_DOAJ HMC HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W K-O KCYFY KOM LY9 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OK1 OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG RNS ROL RPZ SCC SDF SDG SDP SEN SES SEW SSH SSJ SSZ T5K TN5 WUQ XPP ~02 ~G- AAYWO AAYXX ACVFH ADCNI AEUPX AFPUW AGCQF AGQPQ AGRNS AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKYEP APXCP CITATION 7X8 EFKBS 7S9 L.6 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-b71073ad8d206feb10fd8d0eaae6ca78faab2c2c34e7caa600514ced81020b973 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISSN | 0160-4120 1873-6750 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:07:51 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:38:40 EDT 2025 Thu Sep 04 23:52:35 EDT 2025 Thu Sep 04 21:47:27 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:38:11 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:01:25 EDT 2025 Sun Apr 06 06:53:49 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | CDC E Bias L Cr SD SG Urinary dilution mg kg CKD-EPI BMI Hg Creatinine eGFR LOD mm Specific gravity CI g dL cm MnBP IU m Non-persistent chemicals ng NHANES mL |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c539t-b71073ad8d206feb10fd8d0eaae6ca78faab2c2c34e7caa600514ced81020b973 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Author Statement All authors: Conceptualization and Methodology. Jordan R. Kuiper: Formal analysis and Writing-Original draft preparation. All authors: Writing-Reviewing and Editing. |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/beacad7d47694d7382b8419772ba993c |
| PMID | 34062395 |
| PQID | 2536468832 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 1 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_beacad7d47694d7382b8419772ba993c pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8380693 proquest_miscellaneous_2551928799 proquest_miscellaneous_2536468832 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_envint_2021_106656 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2021_106656 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_envint_2021_106656 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2021-11-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2021 text: 2021-11-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Environment international |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier |
| References | Elkins, Pagnotto, Smith (b0060) 1974; 35 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2009a. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NHCS). Stevens, Claybon, Schmid, Chen, Horio, Imai, Nelson, Van Deventer, Wang, Zuo, Zhang, Levey (b0150) 2011; 79 Akerstrom, Lundh, Barregard, Sallsten (b0005) 2012; 85 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2009b. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Laboratory Protocol. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Retrieved from Kendall (b0080) 1938; 30 World Health Organization, 1996. Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace: Guidelines. World Health Organization. Boeniger, Lowry, Rosenberg (b0020) 1993; 54 MacPherson, Arbuckle, Fisher (b0100) 2018; 28 Kuiper, Stapleton, Wills-Karp, Wang, Burd, Buckley (b0085) 2020; 19 O'Brien, Upson, Cook, Weinberg (b0120) 2016; 124 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2010. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Laboratory Protocol: Phthalate Metabolites. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hyattsvile, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 2010. Retrieved from Barr, Wilder, Caudill, Gonzalez, Needham, Pirkle (b0015) 2005; 113 Serrano, Braun, Trasande, Dills, Sathyanarayana (b0140) 2014; 13 Romano, Hawley, Eliot, Calafat, Jayatilaka, Kelsey, McGarvey, Phipps, Savitz, Werner, Braun (b0130) 2017; 16 Nermell, Lindberg, Rahman, Berglund, Persson, El Arifeen, Vahter (b0110) 2008; 106 Yeh, Lin, Kuo, Weidemann, Weaver, Fadrowski, Neu, Navas-Acien (b0165) 2015; 136 Calafat, Longnecker, Koch, Swan, Hauser, Goldman, Lanphear, Rudel, Engel, Teitelbaum, Whyatt, Wolff (b0025) 2015; 123 Pearson, Lu, Schmotzer, Waller, Riederer (b0125) 2009; 19 Enders (b0065) 2001; 6 Levey, Stevens, Schmid, Zhang, Castro, Feldman, Kusek, Eggers, Van Lente, Greene, Coresh (b0090) 2009; 150 Schwartz, Muñoz, Schneider, Mak, Kaskel, Warady, Furth (b0135) 2009; 20 Xia, Wong, Bunker, Bernert (b0160) 2014; 28 . Chadha, Garg, Alon (b0055) 2001; 16 Levine (b0095) 1945; 27 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2007. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Laboratory Procedures Manual. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NHCS). Retrieved from Gaines, Fent, Flack, Thomasen, Ball, Zhou, Whittaker, Nylander-French (b0070) 2010; 12 Hornung, Reed (b0075) 1990; 5 Middleton, Watts, Lark, Milne, Polya (b0105) 2016; 15 Smolders, Schramm, Nickmilder, Schoeters (b0145) 2009; 8 Altman, Bland (b0010) 1983; 32 O'Brien, Upson, Buckley (b0115) 2017; 4 Carrieri, Trevisan, Bartolucci (b0030) 2001; 74 Gaines (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0070) 2010; 12 MacPherson (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0100) 2018; 28 Smolders (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0145) 2009; 8 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0045 Middleton (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0105) 2016; 15 Xia (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0160) 2014; 28 Akerstrom (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0005) 2012; 85 Calafat (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0025) 2015; 123 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0040 Schwartz (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0135) 2009; 20 Serrano (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0140) 2014; 13 Chadha (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0055) 2001; 16 Yeh (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0165) 2015; 136 Carrieri (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0030) 2001; 74 Enders (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0065) 2001; 6 O'Brien (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0120) 2016; 124 Nermell (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0110) 2008; 106 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0035 Elkins (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0060) 1974; 35 Kendall (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0080) 1938; 30 Kuiper (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0085) 2020; 19 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0155 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0050 Altman (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0010) 1983; 32 Levey (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0090) 2009; 150 Stevens (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0150) 2011; 79 Pearson (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0125) 2009; 19 Boeniger (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0020) 1993; 54 Levine (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0095) 1945; 27 O'Brien (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0115) 2017; 4 Barr (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0015) 2005; 113 Hornung (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0075) 1990; 5 Romano (10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0130) 2017; 16 |
| References_xml | – volume: 28 start-page: 481 year: 2018 end-page: 493 ident: b0100 article-title: Adjusting urinary chemical biomarkers for hydration status during pregnancy publication-title: J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. – volume: 85 start-page: 189 year: 2012 end-page: 196 ident: b0005 article-title: Sampling of urinary cadmium: differences between 24-h urine and overnight spot urine sampling, and impact of adjustment for dilution publication-title: Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health – volume: 6 start-page: 352 year: 2001 end-page: 370 ident: b0065 article-title: The impact of nonnormality on full information maximum-likelihood estimation for structural equation models with missing data publication-title: Psychol. Methods – volume: 16 start-page: 374 year: 2001 end-page: 382 ident: b0055 article-title: Measurement of urinary concentration: a critical appraisal of methodologies publication-title: Pediatr. Nephrol. – reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2010. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Laboratory Protocol: Phthalate Metabolites. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hyattsvile, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 2010. Retrieved from: – reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2009a. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NHCS). – volume: 32 start-page: 307 year: 1983 end-page: 317 ident: b0010 article-title: Measurement in medicine: the analysis of method comparison studies publication-title: J R Stat Soc B – volume: 113 start-page: 192 year: 2005 end-page: 200 ident: b0015 article-title: Urinary creatinine concentrations in the U.S. population: implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. – volume: 19 start-page: 336 year: 2009 end-page: 342 ident: b0125 article-title: Evaluation of physiological measures for correcting variation in urinary output: Implications for assessing environmental chemical exposure in children publication-title: J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. – volume: 79 start-page: 555 year: 2011 end-page: 562 ident: b0150 article-title: Evaluation of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for estimating the glomerular filtration rate in multiple ethnicities publication-title: Kidney Int. – volume: 35 start-page: 559 year: 1974 end-page: 565 ident: b0060 article-title: Concentration adjustments in urinalysis publication-title: Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. – volume: 4 start-page: 44 year: 2017 end-page: 50 ident: b0115 article-title: Lipid and Creatinine Adjustment to Evaluate Health Effects of Environmental Exposures publication-title: Curr. Environ. Health Rep. – volume: 30 start-page: 81 year: 1938 end-page: 93 ident: b0080 article-title: A New Measure of Rank Correlation publication-title: Biometrika – volume: 28 start-page: 353 year: 2014 end-page: 363 ident: b0160 article-title: Comparison of creatinine and specific gravity for hydration corrections on measurement of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine publication-title: J. Clin. Lab. Anal. – reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2007. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Laboratory Procedures Manual. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NHCS). Retrieved from: – volume: 16 start-page: 40 year: 2017 ident: b0130 article-title: Variability and predictors of urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites among pregnant women in Rhode Island publication-title: Environ. Health – volume: 20 start-page: 629 year: 2009 end-page: 637 ident: b0135 article-title: New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD publication-title: J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. – volume: 13 year: 2014 ident: b0140 article-title: Phthalates and diet: a review of the food monitoring and epidemiology data publication-title: Environ. Health: Global Access Sci. Source – volume: 12 start-page: 591 year: 2010 end-page: 599 ident: b0070 article-title: Effect of creatinine and specific gravity normalization on urinary biomarker 1,6-hexamethylene diamine publication-title: J. Environ. Monit. – volume: 5 start-page: 46 year: 1990 end-page: 51 ident: b0075 article-title: Estimation of Average Concentration in the Presence of Nondetectable Values publication-title: Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. – volume: 106 start-page: 212 year: 2008 end-page: 218 ident: b0110 article-title: Urinary arsenic concentration adjustment factors and malnutrition publication-title: Environ. Res. – volume: 124 start-page: 220 year: 2016 end-page: 227 ident: b0120 article-title: Environmental Chemicals in Urine and Blood: Improving Methods for Creatinine and Lipid Adjustment publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. – volume: 74 start-page: 63 year: 2001 end-page: 67 ident: b0030 article-title: Adjustment to concentration-dilution of spot urine samples: correlation between specific gravity and creatinine publication-title: Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health – volume: 27 start-page: 217 year: 1945 end-page: 223 ident: b0095 article-title: Evaluation of urinary lead determinations. I. The significance of the specific gravity publication-title: J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. – volume: 123 start-page: A166 year: 2015 end-page: A168 ident: b0025 article-title: Optimal Exposure Biomarkers for Nonpersistent Chemicals in Environmental Epidemiology publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. – reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2009b. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Laboratory Protocol. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Retrieved from: – reference: . – volume: 8 start-page: 8 year: 2009 ident: b0145 article-title: Applicability of non-invasively collected matrices for human biomonitoring publication-title: Environ. Health – volume: 15 start-page: 68 year: 2016 ident: b0105 article-title: Assessing urinary flow rate, creatinine, osmolality and other hydration adjustment methods for urinary biomonitoring using NHANES arsenic, iodine, lead and cadmium data publication-title: Environ. Health – volume: 136 start-page: 482 year: 2015 end-page: 490 ident: b0165 article-title: Urine osmolality in the US population: implications for environmental biomonitoring publication-title: Environ. Res. – volume: 54 start-page: 615 year: 1993 end-page: 627 ident: b0020 article-title: Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments: a review publication-title: Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. – volume: 150 start-page: 604 year: 2009 end-page: 612 ident: b0090 article-title: A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate publication-title: Ann. Intern. Med. – reference: World Health Organization, 1996. Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace: Guidelines. World Health Organization. – volume: 19 start-page: 55 year: 2020 ident: b0085 article-title: Predictors and reproducibility of urinary organophosphate ester metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and associations with birth outcomes in an urban population publication-title: Environ Health – volume: 20 start-page: 629 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0135 article-title: New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD publication-title: J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008030287 – volume: 106 start-page: 212 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0110 article-title: Urinary arsenic concentration adjustment factors and malnutrition publication-title: Environ. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.08.005 – volume: 5 start-page: 46 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0075 article-title: Estimation of Average Concentration in the Presence of Nondetectable Values publication-title: Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. doi: 10.1080/1047322X.1990.10389587 – volume: 123 start-page: A166 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0025 article-title: Optimal Exposure Biomarkers for Nonpersistent Chemicals in Environmental Epidemiology publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1510041 – ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0045 – volume: 30 start-page: 81 year: 1938 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0080 article-title: A New Measure of Rank Correlation publication-title: Biometrika doi: 10.1093/biomet/30.1-2.81 – volume: 54 start-page: 615 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0020 article-title: Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments: a review publication-title: Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. doi: 10.1080/15298669391355134 – volume: 12 start-page: 591 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0070 article-title: Effect of creatinine and specific gravity normalization on urinary biomarker 1,6-hexamethylene diamine publication-title: J. Environ. Monit. doi: 10.1039/b921073c – volume: 79 start-page: 555 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0150 article-title: Evaluation of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for estimating the glomerular filtration rate in multiple ethnicities publication-title: Kidney Int. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.462 – volume: 85 start-page: 189 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0005 article-title: Sampling of urinary cadmium: differences between 24-h urine and overnight spot urine sampling, and impact of adjustment for dilution publication-title: Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health doi: 10.1007/s00420-011-0658-z – volume: 4 start-page: 44 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0115 article-title: Lipid and Creatinine Adjustment to Evaluate Health Effects of Environmental Exposures publication-title: Curr. Environ. Health Rep. doi: 10.1007/s40572-017-0122-7 – volume: 16 start-page: 40 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0130 article-title: Variability and predictors of urinary concentrations of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites among pregnant women in Rhode Island publication-title: Environ. Health doi: 10.1186/s12940-017-0247-z – volume: 113 start-page: 192 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0015 article-title: Urinary creatinine concentrations in the U.S. population: implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7337 – volume: 35 start-page: 559 year: 1974 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0060 article-title: Concentration adjustments in urinalysis publication-title: Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. doi: 10.1080/0002889748507072 – volume: 124 start-page: 220 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0120 article-title: Environmental Chemicals in Urine and Blood: Improving Methods for Creatinine and Lipid Adjustment publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1509693 – volume: 6 start-page: 352 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0065 article-title: The impact of nonnormality on full information maximum-likelihood estimation for structural equation models with missing data publication-title: Psychol. Methods doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.6.4.352 – volume: 28 start-page: 481 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0100 article-title: Adjusting urinary chemical biomarkers for hydration status during pregnancy publication-title: J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. doi: 10.1038/s41370-018-0043-z – volume: 13 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0140 article-title: Phthalates and diet: a review of the food monitoring and epidemiology data publication-title: Environ. Health: Global Access Sci. Source doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-43 – volume: 16 start-page: 374 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0055 article-title: Measurement of urinary concentration: a critical appraisal of methodologies publication-title: Pediatr. Nephrol. doi: 10.1007/s004670000551 – volume: 19 start-page: 336 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0125 article-title: Evaluation of physiological measures for correcting variation in urinary output: Implications for assessing environmental chemical exposure in children publication-title: J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. doi: 10.1038/jes.2008.48 – volume: 15 start-page: 68 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0105 article-title: Assessing urinary flow rate, creatinine, osmolality and other hydration adjustment methods for urinary biomonitoring using NHANES arsenic, iodine, lead and cadmium data publication-title: Environ. Health doi: 10.1186/s12940-016-0152-x – ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0040 – volume: 27 start-page: 217 year: 1945 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0095 article-title: Evaluation of urinary lead determinations. I. The significance of the specific gravity publication-title: J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. – ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0155 – volume: 28 start-page: 353 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0160 article-title: Comparison of creatinine and specific gravity for hydration corrections on measurement of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine publication-title: J. Clin. Lab. Anal. doi: 10.1002/jcla.21693 – volume: 136 start-page: 482 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0165 article-title: Urine osmolality in the US population: implications for environmental biomonitoring publication-title: Environ. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.009 – ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0035 – volume: 74 start-page: 63 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0030 article-title: Adjustment to concentration-dilution of spot urine samples: correlation between specific gravity and creatinine publication-title: Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health doi: 10.1007/s004200000190 – volume: 150 start-page: 604 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0090 article-title: A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate publication-title: Ann. Intern. Med. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006 – volume: 19 start-page: 55 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0085 article-title: Predictors and reproducibility of urinary organophosphate ester metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and associations with birth outcomes in an urban population publication-title: Environ Health doi: 10.1186/s12940-020-00610-0 – volume: 8 start-page: 8 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0145 article-title: Applicability of non-invasively collected matrices for human biomonitoring publication-title: Environ. Health doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-8-8 – volume: 32 start-page: 307 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0010 article-title: Measurement in medicine: the analysis of method comparison studies publication-title: J R Stat Soc B – ident: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656_b0050 |
| SSID | ssj0002485 |
| Score | 2.6039526 |
| Snippet | •Urinary biomarkers are subject to measurement error due to urine dilution.•Urine creatinine or specific gravity are often used to correct for dilution.•Urine... Urinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health conditions. It... Background: Urinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 106656 |
| SubjectTerms | Bias biomarkers body composition body mass index Creatinine environment gravity National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey nationalities and ethnic groups Non-persistent chemicals phthalates Specific gravity Urinary dilution |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals [SCFCJ] dbid: AIKHN link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lj9MwELaW7gWEEBRWlJeMxDXbxHb94LasdtUFsZel0t4s20mgK0irPn4Ff5qZ2CnJhZW4Ne64cTJjz2d35htCPkjveVCwyWF1zTIhQ5F55kxmhCg9F0Gblqz667WcL8Tn29ntETnvcmEwrDKt_XFNb1fr1DJNb3O6Xi6nN8iNJgqGmxZwkoV8QI4ZN3I2IsdnV1_m14cFGVm7IsV3nmGHLoOuDfPCfLIGgypZAU1SYiXrnodqifwHjqoHRIdhlD2_dPmUPEmAkp7FMT8jR1UzJo96NINjcnLxN5sNRNN03o7J43hoR2Mu0nPye7Fp03Mp5l9iDBHF6kSA0-mveJS4pcuGAmSki9ObU7o-FP_6SK96kekUgHAr5cq7_bYNY6ermjarJlvj8RwYFrSERFVA9-mmyASAwUIbimGrL8ji8uLb-TxL1RqyMONml3nAKoq7UpcslzW4gLyGz3nlXCWDU7p2zrPAAheVCs7JlnkdtKwB4uTeKH5CRjCQ6iWh8EqV8j4w6CBCmeuaY5XLupLKa6HLCeGdhmxIVOZYUeOn7WLW7mzUq0W92qjXCckOvdaRyuMe-U-o_IMsEnG3DavNd5ss0XpwXK5UpVDSiFJxzWCEBYBq5h1AvzAhqjMdO7Br-KnlPbd_31mahSmP_-O4plrtt5bNuBRSw1r8LxmA5rAbNgZGMDDTwfMMv2mWP1qCcc11Lg1_9d9jf00e4lXM2XxDRrvNvnoL4G3n36XJ-QfugEkp priority: 102 providerName: Elsevier |
| Title | Urinary specific gravity measures in the U.S. population: Implications for the adjustment of non-persistent chemical urinary biomarker data |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106656 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2536468832 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2551928799 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8380693 https://doaj.org/article/beacad7d47694d7382b8419772ba993c |
| Volume | 156 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lj9MwELZguYAQgsKK8qiMxDXFsV0_uC1oV10Qe4FKe7P8SERXkFZ9XPcP7J9mbCcludALt8iZNI5nPP7sznyD0HvhHPMSNjm0rmnBhS8LR60uNOfBMe6VTmTV367EfMG_XM-ue6W-YkxYpgfOA_fBgWewQQYuheZBMkWd4iWgFuosrK0-el-iSbeZan1wJOrKrN6k4CUlXdJciuyKKWRNjKOkJTQJEYtX9xalxN0_WJt62HMYOdlbii6eoicthsRnue_P0L2qGaFHPWbBETo9_5vABqLtDN6O0ON8Todz-tFzdLfYpIxcHFMuY9gQjgWJAJrj3_n0cIuXDQaUiBfT71O8PtT7-ogve8HoGLBvkrLhZr9Nket4VeNm1RTreCIHtgQtvmUnwPv2pTH5P8YHbXCMVH2BFhfnPz7Pi7ZAQ-FnTO8KB_BEMhtUoETU4PVJDdeksrYS3kpVW-uop57xSnprRSJb91VQgGqI05KdohPoSPUSYRhSKZ3zFB7gPhBVs1jYsq6EBH2rMEas05DxLXt5LKLxy3Rhajcm69VEvZqs1zEqDk-tM3vHEflPUfkH2ci9nRrAIk1rkeaYRY6R7EzHtDAmwxP4qeWR17_rLM3ALI9_3dimWu23hs6Y4EKB-_2XDKBx2ABrDT0YmOnge4Z3muXPxCmumCJCs1f_YwBeo4fxo3LG5ht0stvsq7cA3XZugu5Pb8sJenB2-XV-NUlz9g930UmQ |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3db9MwELfGeIAJIShMK59G4jVtYru2wxtMmzrY9rJV2ptlOwl0grTqxyv_AP80d3bSJS9M4q1yLs01d_ad3d_9jpCP0jnuFWxyWFWxREifJY7ZPMmFKBwXXueBrPriUk5n4uvN5GaPHLe1MAirbNb-uKaH1boZGTdvc7ycz8dXyI0mMoabFgiSmXxAHooJV4jrG_2-w3kgZ1ck-E4TFG_r5wLIC6vJaoRUsgyGpMQ-1p34FGj8e2Gqk4b2QZSdqHT6jDxt0kn6OWr8nOyV9YAcdEgGB-Tw5K6WDUSbybwekCfxyI7GSqQX5M9sFYpzKVZfIoKIYm8iyNLpr3iQuKbzmkLCSGejqxFd7lp_faJnHVw6hTQ4SNnidrsOIHa6qGi9qJMlHs6BW8GIb4gK6LZ5KPIAIFRoRRG0-pLMTk-uj6dJ06sh8ROebxIHmYrittAFS2UFASCt4HNaWltKb5WurHXMM89Fqby1MvCug401JDipyxU_JPugSHlEKLxSpZzzDG4Qvkh1xbHHZVVK5bTQxZDw1kLGN0Tm2E_jp2kRa7cm2tWgXU2065Aku7uWkcjjHvkvaPydLNJwh4HF6rtp_NA4CFu2UIVQMheF4pqBhhmk1MxZSPz8kKjWdUzPq-Gr5vc8_kPraQYmPP6LY-tysV0bNuFSSA0r8b9kIDGHvXCegwY9N-39nv6Vev4j0ItrrlOZ81f_rft78mh6fXFuzs8uv70mj_FKrN58Q_Y3q235FtK4jXsXpulfiOZK8g |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Urinary+specific+gravity+measures+in+the+U.S.+population%3A+Implications+for+the+adjustment+of+non-persistent+chemical+urinary+biomarker+data&rft.jtitle=Environment+international&rft.au=Kuiper%2C+Jordan+R&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Katie+M&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Kelly+K&rft.au=Buckley%2C+Jessie+P&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.issn=0160-4120&rft.volume=156+p.106656-&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.envint.2021.106656&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0160-4120&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0160-4120&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0160-4120&client=summon |