Relationship between Coffee, Tea, and Carbonated Beverages and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 4; p. 934
• Main Authors: An, Hye-Ji, Kim, Yejin, Seo, Young-Gyun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Alcohol; Artificial sweeteners; Beverages; Body mass index; Caffeine; Cancer; carbonated beverage; Carbonated Beverages; Carbonation; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - chemically induced; Cell division; Cholesterol; Coffee; Coffee - adverse effects; Complications and side effects; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Disease; Dyslipidemia; Dyslipidemias; Education; Family income; Health aspects; Health risks; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Hypertension; Liver; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - chemically induced; Metabolism; Nutrition; Polyphenols; Prevention; Regression analysis; Risk Factors; Statistical analysis; Tea; Tea - adverse effects; Womens health; South Korea; United States > US; tea; carbonated beverage; dyslipidemia; diabetes; hypertension; coffee
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15040934

We aimed to analyze the relationship between coffee, tea, and carbonated beverages and cardiovascular risk factors. We used data from the fourth to eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2016, 2019-2020). We categorized the frequency of intake into three groups (<1 time/week, 1 time/week to <1 time/day, and ≥1 time/day). Subsequently, logistic regression analyses by sex were performed to assess cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia (DL), or metabolic syndrome (MetS)) according to the frequency of coffee, tea, and carbonated beverage intake. For HTN, coffee intake showed an inverse relationship and tea intake showed a direct relationship. For DM, coffee intake showed an inverse relationship, and tea and carbonated beverage intake showed a direct relationship. For DL, coffee intake showed an inverse relationship, whereas tea intake demonstrated a direct relationship. In addition, carbonated beverage intake showed a direct relationship with MetS. Coffee intake showed an inverse relationship with HTN, DM, and DL. However, tea intake showed a direct relationship with HTN, DM, and DL, whereas carbonated beverage intake showed a direct relationship with DM and MetS.