Alimentary niche partitioning in the Galapagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki

Sea lions are generally considered opportunistic feeders. However, studies from different areas suggest their diet consists mostly of four to five types of prey. Previous studies in Galapagos sea lions have identified at least three feeding strategies for this species, suggesting diversification of...

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Published inMarine biology Vol. 157; no. 12; pp. 2769 - 2781
Main Authors Páez-Rosas, Diego, Aurioles-Gamboa, David
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag 01.12.2010
Springer-Verlag
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
analysis of variance
Animal and plant ecology
Animal behavior
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Aquatic mammals
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
breeding season
Breeding seasons
carnivores
Competition
Diet
foraging
Foraging behavior
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
fur
Habitat partitioning (Biology)
habitats
interspecific competition
lactating females
lactation
Life Sciences
Mammalia
Marine
Marine & Freshwater Sciences
Marine biology
Marine mammals
Microbiology
Niche (Ecology)
Oceanography
Original Paper
Pinnipedia
Plankton
Productivity
pups
Sea lions
Sea water ecosystems
Stable isotopes
Synecology
Trophic levels
Variance analysis
Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution
Zalophus
Zoological research
Zoology
Galapagos Islands
Pacific Ocean Islands
Mexico
ISE, Ecuador, Galapagos Is., San Cristobal I
Scat Sample
Identifiable Structure
Scat Analysis
Prey Species
Stable Isotope Analysis
Ecological segregation
Carnivora
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Ecological niche
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Abstract Sea lions are generally considered opportunistic feeders. However, studies from different areas suggest their diet consists mostly of four to five types of prey. Previous studies in Galapagos sea lions have identified at least three feeding strategies for this species, suggesting diversification of their diet. Diet diversification is favored in organisms with relatively high trophic position and subject to high intra-specific and low inter-specific competition. Zalophus wollebaeki meet these criteria as the only pinniped on San Cristobal Island, where three sea lion rookeries are located within 11 km: a distance considerably shorter than their 41 km foraging range. To measure the degree of diet diversification, we used scats and stable isotope analyses. A total of 270 scat samples from lactating females and 142 fur samples from sea lion pups were collected during the breeding season 2006. The scat analysis identified distinct diets among rookeries, with minimal trophic overlap (Cλ = 0.19), a trophic level TL = 4.5 (secondary-tertiary carnivore), and trophic breadth of a specialist predator (B i = 0.37). The mean δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values were 13.07 ± 0.52 and −16.34 ± 0.37, respectively. No significant difference was found in the δ¹⁵N values from the sea lion rookeries, but differences were found inter- and intra-population in δ¹³C values for pups from different groups (ANOVA P < 0.05). Our results indicate that diet diversification is present in the Galapagos sea lion and may play important role to the survival of the species in a habitat where pinniped populations are limited.
AbstractList Sea lions are generally considered opportunistic feeders. However, studies from different areas suggest their diet consists mostly of four to five types of prey. Previous studies in Galapagos sea lions have identified at least three feeding strategies for this species, suggesting diversification of their diet. Diet diversification is favored in organisms with relatively high trophic position and subject to high intra-specific and low inter-specific competition. Zalophus wollebaeki meet these criteria as the only pinniped on San Cristobal Island, where three sea lion rookeries are located within 11 km: a distance considerably shorter than their 41 km foraging range. To measure the degree of diet diversification, we used scats and stable isotope analyses. A total of 270 scat samples from lactating females and 142 fur samples from sea lion pups were collected during the breeding season 2006. The scat analysis identified distinct diets among rookeries, with minimal trophic overlap (C[lambda] = 0.19), a trophic level TL = 4.5 (secondary-tertiary carnivore), and trophic breadth of a specialist predator (B.sub.i = 0.37). The mean [delta].sup.15N and [delta].sup.13C values were 13.07 ± 0.52 and -16.34 ± 0.37, respectively. No significant difference was found in the [delta].sup.15N values from the sea lion rookeries, but differences were found inter- and intra-population in [delta].sup.13C values for pups from different groups (ANOVA P < 0.05). Our results indicate that diet diversification is present in the Galapagos sea lion and may play important role to the survival of the species in a habitat where pinniped populations are limited.
Sea lions are generally considered opportunistic feeders. However, studies from different areas suggest their diet consists mostly of four to five types of prey. Previous studies in Galapagos sea lions have identified at least three feeding strategies for this species, suggesting diversification of their diet. Diet diversification is favored in organisms with relatively high trophic position and subject to high intra-specific and low inter-specific competition. Zalophus wollebaeki meet these criteria as the only pinniped on San Cristobal Island, where three sea lion rookeries are located within 11 km: a distance considerably shorter than their 41 km foraging range. To measure the degree of diet diversification, we used scats and stable isotope analyses. A total of 270 scat samples from lactating females and 142 fur samples from sea lion pups were collected during the breeding season 2006. The scat analysis identified distinct diets among rookeries, with minimal trophic overlap (C lambda = 0.19), a trophic level TL = 4.5 (secondary-tertiary carnivore), and trophic breadth of a specialist predator (B i = 0.37). The mean delta 15N and delta 13C values were 13.07 A- 0.52 and -16.34 A- 0.37, respectively. No significant difference was found in the delta 15N values from the sea lion rookeries, but differences were found inter- and intra-population in delta 13C values for pups from different groups (ANOVA P < 0.05). Our results indicate that diet diversification is present in the Galapagos sea lion and may play important role to the survival of the species in a habitat where pinniped populations are limited.
Sea lions are generally considered opportunistic feeders. However, studies from different areas suggest their diet consists mostly of four to five types of prey. Previous studies in Galapagos sea lions have identified at least three feeding strategies for this species, suggesting diversification of their diet. Diet diversification is favored in organisms with relatively high trophic position and subject to high intra-specific and low inter-specific competition. Zalophus wollebaeki meet these criteria as the only pinniped on San Cristobal Island, where three sea lion rookeries are located within 11 km: a distance considerably shorter than their 41 km foraging range. To measure the degree of diet diversification, we used scats and stable isotope analyses. A total of 270 scat samples from lactating females and 142 fur samples from sea lion pups were collected during the breeding season 2006. The scat analysis identified distinct diets among rookeries, with minimal trophic overlap ( Cλ  = 0.19), a trophic level TL = 4.5 (secondary–tertiary carnivore), and trophic breadth of a specialist predator ( B i  = 0.37). The mean δ 15 N and δ 13 C values were 13.07 ± 0.52 and −16.34 ± 0.37, respectively. No significant difference was found in the δ 15 N values from the sea lion rookeries, but differences were found inter- and intra-population in δ 13 C values for pups from different groups (ANOVA P  < 0.05). Our results indicate that diet diversification is present in the Galapagos sea lion and may play important role to the survival of the species in a habitat where pinniped populations are limited.
Sea lions are generally considered opportunistic feeders. However, studies from different areas suggest their diet consists mostly of four to five types of prey. Previous studies in Galapagos sea lions have identified at least three feeding strategies for this species, suggesting diversification of their diet. Diet diversification is favored in organisms with relatively high trophic position and subject to high intra-specific and low inter-specific competition. Zalophus wollebaeki meet these criteria as the only pinniped on San Cristobal Island, where three sea lion rookeries are located within 11 km: a distance considerably shorter than their 41 km foraging range. To measure the degree of diet diversification, we used scats and stable isotope analyses. A total of 270 scat samples from lactating females and 142 fur samples from sea lion pups were collected during the breeding season 2006. The scat analysis identified distinct diets among rookeries, with minimal trophic overlap (Cλ = 0.19), a trophic level TL = 4.5 (secondary-tertiary carnivore), and trophic breadth of a specialist predator (B i = 0.37). The mean δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values were 13.07 ± 0.52 and −16.34 ± 0.37, respectively. No significant difference was found in the δ¹⁵N values from the sea lion rookeries, but differences were found inter- and intra-population in δ¹³C values for pups from different groups (ANOVA P < 0.05). Our results indicate that diet diversification is present in the Galapagos sea lion and may play important role to the survival of the species in a habitat where pinniped populations are limited.
Sea lions are generally considered opportunistic feeders. However, studies from different areas suggest their diet consists mostly of four to five types of prey. Previous studies in Galapagos sea lions have identified at least three feeding strategies for this species, suggesting diversification of their diet. Diet diversification is favored in organisms with relatively high trophic position and subject to high intra-specific and low inter-specific competition. Zalophus wollebaeki meet these criteria as the only pinniped on San Cristobal Island, where three sea lion rookeries are located within 11 km: a distance considerably shorter than their 41 km foraging range. To measure the degree of diet diversification, we used scats and stable isotope analyses. A total of 270 scat samples from lactating females and 142 fur samples from sea lion pups were collected during the breeding season 2006. The scat analysis identified distinct diets among rookeries, with minimal trophic overlap (Cλ = 0.19), a trophic level TL = 4.5 (secondary-tertiary carnivore), and trophic breadth of a specialist predator (B^sub i^ = 0.37). The mean δ^sup 15^N and δ^sup 13^C values were 13.07 ± 0.52 and -16.34 ± 0.37, respectively. No significant difference was found in the δ^sup 15^N values from the sea lion rookeries, but differences were found inter- and intra-population in δ^sup 13^C values for pups from different groups (ANOVA P < 0.05). Our results indicate that diet diversification is present in the Galapagos sea lion and may play important role to the survival of the species in a habitat where pinniped populations are limited. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Audience Academic
Author Páez-Rosas, Diego
Aurioles-Gamboa, David
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2015 INIST-CNRS
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Issue 12
Keywords Scat Sample
Identifiable Structure
Scat Analysis
Prey Species
Stable Isotope Analysis
Ecological segregation
Carnivora
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Ecological niche
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– reference: FranceRLCarbon-13 enrichment in benthic compared to planktonic algae: Foodweb implicationsMar Ecol Prog Ser199512430731210.3354/meps124307
– reference: MichenerRHSchellDMLajthaKMichenerRHStable isotope ratios as tracers in marine aquatic food webs. Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science1994BostonBlackwell15138
– reference: BolnickDISvanbäckRFordyceJAYangLHDavisJMHulseyCDForisterMLThe ecology of individuals: incidence and implications of individual specializationAm Nat2003161112810.1086/34387812650459
– reference: SimmonsSECrockerDEKudelaRMCostaDPVocal signaling of male southern elephant seals is honest but impreciseAnim Behav20077328729910.1016/j.anbehav.2006.08.005
– reference: FerryLAClarkSLCaillietGMFood habits of spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, (Serranidae) from Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja CaliforniaBull South Califor Acad Sci199796121
– reference: HastingsPAFindleyLTVan der HeidenAMBruscaRFishes of the Gulf of California2010TucsonArizona University Press
– reference: RauGHTakahashiTDes MaraisDJRepetaDJMartinJHThe relationship between δ13C of organic matter and CO2 in ocean surface water: data from a JGOFS site in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and a modelGeochim Cosmochim Acta199256141141310.1016/0016-7037(92)90073-R
– reference: PaulyDTritesAWCapuliEChristensenVDiet composition and trophic levels of marine mammalsICES J Mar Sci19985546748110.1006/jmsc.1997.0280
– reference: BeltmanJBMetzJASpeciation: more likely through a genetic or through a learned habitat preference?Proc R Soc B2005272145514631:STN:280:DC%2BD2MzlvV2lug%3D%3D10.1098/rspb.2005.310416011920
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– reference: ChristensenVPaulyDECOPATH II Software for balancing steady-state ecosystem models and calculating network characteristicsEcol Model19926116918510.1016/0304-3800(92)90016-8
– reference: DellingerTTrillmichFFish prey of the sympatric Galapagos fur seals and sea lions: seasonal variation and niche separationCan J Zool1999771204121610.1139/cjz-77-8-1204
– reference: DeNiroMJEpsteinSInfluence of the diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animalsGeochim Cosmochim Acta1981453413531:CAS:528:DyaL3MXktVGmtLw%3D10.1016/0016-7037(81)90244-1
– reference: TritesAWDonnellyCPThe decline of Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in Alaska: a review of the nutritional stress hypothesisMammal Rev20033332810.1046/j.1365-2907.2003.00009.x
– reference: DeNiroMJEpsteinSInfluence of the diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animalsGeochim Cosmochim Acta1978424955061:CAS:528:DyaE1cXls1WrsbY%3D10.1016/0016-7037(78)90199-0
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– reference: HobsonKAFiskAKarnovskyNHolstMGagnonJMFortierMA stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) model for the North Water food web: implications for evaluating trophodynamics and the flow of energy and contaminantsDeep-Sea Res II200249513151501:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xns1Cgs7s%3D10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00182-0
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– reference: HeathCBPerrinWFWursigBThiewissenJGMCalifornia, Galapagos, and Japanese sea lions Zalophus californianus, Z. wollebaeki, and Z. japonicusEncyclopedia of marine mammals2002LondonAcademic Press
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– reference: TollitDJHeaslipSGDeagleBEIversonSJJoyRRosenDATritesAWTritesAWAtkinsonSDeMasterDPFritzLWGelattTSReaLDWynneKEstimating diet composition in sea lions: which technique to choose?Sea lions of the world2006FairbanksUniversity of Alaska
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Snippet Sea lions are generally considered opportunistic feeders. However, studies from different areas suggest their diet consists mostly of four to five types of...
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SubjectTerms analysis of variance
Animal and plant ecology
Animal behavior
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Aquatic mammals
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
breeding season
Breeding seasons
carnivores
Competition
Diet
foraging
Foraging behavior
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
fur
Habitat partitioning (Biology)
habitats
interspecific competition
lactating females
lactation
Life Sciences
Mammalia
Marine
Marine & Freshwater Sciences
Marine biology
Marine mammals
Microbiology
Niche (Ecology)
Oceanography
Original Paper
Pinnipedia
Plankton
Productivity
pups
Sea lions
Sea water ecosystems
Stable isotopes
Synecology
Trophic levels
Variance analysis
Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution
Zalophus
Zoological research
Zoology
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Title Alimentary niche partitioning in the Galapagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki
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Volume 157
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