Amygdala Nuclei Volume and Shape in Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

The amygdala is a subcortical structure involved in socioemotional and associative fear learning processes relevant for understanding the mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research in animals indicates that the amygdala is a heterogeneous structure in which the basolateral and cent...

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Published inBiological psychiatry : cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging Vol. 5; no. 3; pp. 281 - 290
Main Authors Morey, Rajendra A., Clarke, Emily K., Haswell, Courtney C., Phillips, Rachel D., Clausen, Ashley N., Mufford, Mary S., Saygin, Zeynep, Brancu, Mira, Beckham, Jean C., Calhoun, Patrick S., Dedert, Eric, Elbogen, Eric B., Fairbank, John A., Hurley, Robin A., Kilts, Jason D., Kimbrel, Nathan A., Kirby, Angela, Marx, Christine E., McDonald, Scott D., Moore, Scott D., Naylor, Jennifer C., Rowland, Jared, Swinkels, Cindy, Szabo, Steven T., Taber, Katherine H., Tupler, Larry A., van Voorhees, Elizabeth E., Yoash-Gantz, Ruth E., Wagner, H. Ryan, LaBar, Kevin S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2020
Subjects
Amygdala
Amygdala - diagnostic imaging
Amygdala - pathology
Amygdala nuclei
Fear
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Shape analysis
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnostic imaging
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - pathology
Structural MRI
Trauma
U.S. Military
Veterans
Structural MRI
Amygdala nuclei
Shape analysis
Amygdala
U.S. Military
Trauma
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Abstract The amygdala is a subcortical structure involved in socioemotional and associative fear learning processes relevant for understanding the mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research in animals indicates that the amygdala is a heterogeneous structure in which the basolateral and centromedial divisions are susceptible to stress. While the amygdala complex is implicated in the pathophysiology of PTSD, little is known about the specific contributions of the individual nuclei that constitute the amygdala complex. Military veterans (n = 355), including military veterans with PTSD (n = 149) and trauma-exposed control subjects without PTSD (n = 206), underwent high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical scans. Automated FreeSurfer segmentation of the amygdala yielded 9 structures: basal, lateral, accessory basal, anterior amygdaloid, and central, medial, cortical, and paralaminar nuclei, along with the corticoamygdaloid transition zone. Subregional volumes were compared between groups using ordinary-least-squares regression with relevant demographic and clinical regressors followed by 3-dimensional shape analysis of whole amygdala. PTSD was associated with smaller left and right lateral and paralaminar nuclei, but with larger left and right central, medial, and cortical nuclei (p < .05, false discovery rate corrected). Shape analyses revealed lower radial distance in anterior bilateral amygdala and lower Jacobian determinant in posterior bilateral amygdala in PTSD compared with control subjects. Alterations in select amygdala subnuclear volumes and regional shape distortions are associated with PTSD in military veterans. Volume differences of the lateral nucleus and the centromedial complex associated with PTSD demonstrate a subregion-specific pattern that is consistent with their functional roles in fear learning and fear expression behaviors.
AbstractList The amygdala is a subcortical structure involved in socioemotional and associative fear learning processes relevant for understanding the mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research in animals indicates that the amygdala is a heterogeneous structure in which the basolateral and centromedial divisions are susceptible to stress. While the amygdala complex is implicated in the pathophysiology of PTSD, little is known about the specific contributions of the individual nuclei that constitute the amygdala complex.BACKGROUNDThe amygdala is a subcortical structure involved in socioemotional and associative fear learning processes relevant for understanding the mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research in animals indicates that the amygdala is a heterogeneous structure in which the basolateral and centromedial divisions are susceptible to stress. While the amygdala complex is implicated in the pathophysiology of PTSD, little is known about the specific contributions of the individual nuclei that constitute the amygdala complex.Military veterans (n = 355), including military veterans with PTSD (n = 149) and trauma-exposed control subjects without PTSD (n = 206), underwent high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical scans. Automated FreeSurfer segmentation of the amygdala yielded 9 structures: basal, lateral, accessory basal, anterior amygdaloid, and central, medial, cortical, and paralaminar nuclei, along with the corticoamygdaloid transition zone. Subregional volumes were compared between groups using ordinary-least-squares regression with relevant demographic and clinical regressors followed by 3-dimensional shape analysis of whole amygdala.METHODSMilitary veterans (n = 355), including military veterans with PTSD (n = 149) and trauma-exposed control subjects without PTSD (n = 206), underwent high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical scans. Automated FreeSurfer segmentation of the amygdala yielded 9 structures: basal, lateral, accessory basal, anterior amygdaloid, and central, medial, cortical, and paralaminar nuclei, along with the corticoamygdaloid transition zone. Subregional volumes were compared between groups using ordinary-least-squares regression with relevant demographic and clinical regressors followed by 3-dimensional shape analysis of whole amygdala.PTSD was associated with smaller left and right lateral and paralaminar nuclei, but with larger left and right central, medial, and cortical nuclei (p < .05, false discovery rate corrected). Shape analyses revealed lower radial distance in anterior bilateral amygdala and lower Jacobian determinant in posterior bilateral amygdala in PTSD compared with control subjects.RESULTSPTSD was associated with smaller left and right lateral and paralaminar nuclei, but with larger left and right central, medial, and cortical nuclei (p < .05, false discovery rate corrected). Shape analyses revealed lower radial distance in anterior bilateral amygdala and lower Jacobian determinant in posterior bilateral amygdala in PTSD compared with control subjects.Alterations in select amygdala subnuclear volumes and regional shape distortions are associated with PTSD in military veterans. Volume differences of the lateral nucleus and the centromedial complex associated with PTSD demonstrate a subregion-specific pattern that is consistent with their functional roles in fear learning and fear expression behaviors.CONCLUSIONSAlterations in select amygdala subnuclear volumes and regional shape distortions are associated with PTSD in military veterans. Volume differences of the lateral nucleus and the centromedial complex associated with PTSD demonstrate a subregion-specific pattern that is consistent with their functional roles in fear learning and fear expression behaviors.
The amygdala is a subcortical structure involved in socioemotional and associative fear learning processes relevant for understanding the mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research in animals indicates that the amygdala is a heterogeneous structure in which the basolateral and centromedial divisions are susceptible to stress. While the amygdala complex is implicated in the pathophysiology of PTSD, little is known about the specific contributions of the individual nuclei that constitute the amygdala complex. Military veterans (n = 355), including military veterans with PTSD (n = 149) and trauma-exposed control subjects without PTSD (n = 206), underwent high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical scans. Automated FreeSurfer segmentation of the amygdala yielded 9 structures: basal, lateral, accessory basal, anterior amygdaloid, and central, medial, cortical, and paralaminar nuclei, along with the corticoamygdaloid transition zone. Subregional volumes were compared between groups using ordinary-least-squares regression with relevant demographic and clinical regressors followed by 3-dimensional shape analysis of whole amygdala. PTSD was associated with smaller left and right lateral and paralaminar nuclei, but with larger left and right central, medial, and cortical nuclei (p < .05, false discovery rate corrected). Shape analyses revealed lower radial distance in anterior bilateral amygdala and lower Jacobian determinant in posterior bilateral amygdala in PTSD compared with control subjects. Alterations in select amygdala subnuclear volumes and regional shape distortions are associated with PTSD in military veterans. Volume differences of the lateral nucleus and the centromedial complex associated with PTSD demonstrate a subregion-specific pattern that is consistent with their functional roles in fear learning and fear expression behaviors.
Author van Voorhees, Elizabeth E.
Beckham, Jean C.
Saygin, Zeynep
Brancu, Mira
Clausen, Ashley N.
Marx, Christine E.
Swinkels, Cindy
Calhoun, Patrick S.
McDonald, Scott D.
Tupler, Larry A.
Dedert, Eric
Taber, Katherine H.
Szabo, Steven T.
Elbogen, Eric B.
Fairbank, John A.
Phillips, Rachel D.
LaBar, Kevin S.
Morey, Rajendra A.
Mufford, Mary S.
Rowland, Jared
Naylor, Jennifer C.
Clarke, Emily K.
Kirby, Angela
Hurley, Robin A.
Haswell, Courtney C.
Wagner, H. Ryan
Moore, Scott D.
Kimbrel, Nathan A.
Yoash-Gantz, Ruth E.
Kilts, Jason D.
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Contributor Moore, Scott D
Yoash-Gantz, Ruth E
Elbogen, Eric B
Szabo, Steven T
Brancu, Mira
McDonald, Scott D
Rowland, Jared
Hurley, Robin A
Swinkels, Cindy
van Voorhees, Elizabeth E
Kirby, Angela
Calhoun, Patrick S
Taber, Katherine H
Kilts, Jason D
Naylor, Jennifer C
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Tupler, Larry A
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Keywords Structural MRI
Amygdala nuclei
Shape analysis
Amygdala
U.S. Military
Trauma
Language English
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The Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center Workgroup contributors for this paper include Mira Brancu, Ph.D.; Jean C. Beckham, Ph.D.; Patrick S. Calhoun, Ph.D.; Eric Dedert, Ph.D.; Eric B. Elbogen, Ph.D.; John A. Fairbank, Ph.D.; Robin A. Hurley, M.D.; Jason D. Kilts, Ph.D.; Nathan A. Kimbrel, Ph.D.; Angela Kirby, M.S.; Christine E. Marx, M.A.; Scott D. McDonald, Ph.D.; Scott D. Moore, M.D., Ph.D.; Jennifer C. Naylor, Ph.D.; Jared Rowland, Ph.D.; Cindy Swinkels, Ph.D.; Steven T. Szabo, M.D., Ph.D.; Katherine H. Taber, Ph.D.; Larry A. Tupler, Ph.D.; Elizabeth E. van Voorhees, Ph.D.; and Ruth E. Yoash-Gantz, PsyD.
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PublicationDate 2020-03-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-03-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-03-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle Biological psychiatry : cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging
PublicationTitleAlternate Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Elsevier Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Inc
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Snippet The amygdala is a subcortical structure involved in socioemotional and associative fear learning processes relevant for understanding the mechanisms of...
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SubjectTerms Amygdala
Amygdala - diagnostic imaging
Amygdala - pathology
Amygdala nuclei
Fear
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Shape analysis
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnostic imaging
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - pathology
Structural MRI
Trauma
U.S. Military
Veterans
Title Amygdala Nuclei Volume and Shape in Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S2451902219303428
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.11.016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32029420
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2352633450
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