Multi-year atmospheric concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) at a background site in central Europe

A total of 74 high volume air samples were collected at a background site in Czech Republic from 2012 to 2014 in which the concentrations of 20 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated. The total concentrations (gas + particle phase) ranged from 0.03 to 2.08 pg m−3 (average 0.52...

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Published in	Environmental pollution (1987) Vol. 265; no. Pt B; p. 114851
Main Authors	Paragot, Nils, Bečanová, Jitka, Karásková, Pavlína, Prokeš, Roman, Klánová, Jana, Lammel, Gerhard, Degrendele, Céline
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2020
Subjects	air Central European region Czech Republic Gas-particle partitioning half life Long-range atmospheric transport Multi-year variations Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances perfluorocarbons pollution Seasonal variations sulfonates temperature Central European region Czech Republic Gas-particle partitioning Seasonal variations Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances Long-range atmospheric transport Multi-year variations
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Abstract	A total of 74 high volume air samples were collected at a background site in Czech Republic from 2012 to 2014 in which the concentrations of 20 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated. The total concentrations (gas + particle phase) ranged from 0.03 to 2.08 pg m−3 (average 0.52 pg m−3) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (∑PFCAs), from 0.02 to 0.85 pg m−3 (average 0.28 pg m−3) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (ΣPFSAs) and from below detection to 0.18 pg m−3 (average 0.05 pg m−3) for the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and sulfonamidoethanols (ΣFOSA/Es). The gas phase concentrations of most PFASs were not controlled by temperature dependent sources but rather by long-range atmospheric transport. Air mass backward trajectory analysis showed that the highest concentrations of PFASs were mainly originating from continental areas. The average particle fractions (θ) of ΣPFCAs (θ = 0.74 ± 0.26) and ΣPFSAs (θ = 0.78 ± 0.22) were higher compared to ΣFOSA/Es (θ = 0.31 ± 0.35). However, they may be subject to sampling artefacts. This is the first study ever reporting PFASs concentrations in air samples collected over consecutive years. Significant decreases in 2012–2014 for PFOA, MeFOSE, EtFOSE and ∑PFCAs were observed with apparent half-lives of 1.01, 0.86, 0.92 and 1.94 years, respectively. [Display omitted] •PFASs concentrations were governed by long-range atmospheric transport.•Significant decreases were found for PFOA, MeFOSE and EtFOSE.•Significant increases were found for PFHpA, PFTrDA, PFDS, MeFOSA and EtFOSA. Significant decreases were found for PFOA, MeFOSE and EtFOSE.
AbstractList	A total of 74 high volume air samples were collected at a background site in Czech Republic from 2012 to 2014 in which the concentrations of 20 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated. The total concentrations (gas + particle phase) ranged from 0.03 to 2.08 pg m−3 (average 0.52 pg m−3) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (∑PFCAs), from 0.02 to 0.85 pg m−3 (average 0.28 pg m−3) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (ΣPFSAs) and from below detection to 0.18 pg m−3 (average 0.05 pg m−3) for the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and sulfonamidoethanols (ΣFOSA/Es). The gas phase concentrations of most PFASs were not controlled by temperature dependent sources but rather by long-range atmospheric transport. Air mass backward trajectory analysis showed that the highest concentrations of PFASs were mainly originating from continental areas. The average particle fractions (θ) of ΣPFCAs (θ = 0.74 ± 0.26) and ΣPFSAs (θ = 0.78 ± 0.22) were higher compared to ΣFOSA/Es (θ = 0.31 ± 0.35). However, they may be subject to sampling artefacts. This is the first study ever reporting PFASs concentrations in air samples collected over consecutive years. Significant decreases in 2012–2014 for PFOA, MeFOSE, EtFOSE and ∑PFCAs were observed with apparent half-lives of 1.01, 0.86, 0.92 and 1.94 years, respectively. [Display omitted] •PFASs concentrations were governed by long-range atmospheric transport.•Significant decreases were found for PFOA, MeFOSE and EtFOSE.•Significant increases were found for PFHpA, PFTrDA, PFDS, MeFOSA and EtFOSA. Significant decreases were found for PFOA, MeFOSE and EtFOSE. A total of 74 high volume air samples were collected at a background site in Czech Republic from 2012 to 2014 in which the concentrations of 20 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated. The total concentrations (gas + particle phase) ranged from 0.03 to 2.08 pg m −3 (average 0.52 pg m −3 ) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (ƩPFCAs), from 0.02 to 0.85 pg m −3 (average 0.28 pg m −3 ) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (ƩPFSAs) and from below detection to 0.18 pg.m −3 (average 0.05 pg m −3 ) for the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and sulfonamidoethanols (ƩFOSA/Es). The gas phase concentrations of most PFASs were not controlled by temperature dependent sources but rather by long-range atmospheric transport. Air mass backward trajectory analysis showed that the highest concentrations of PFASs were mainly originating from continental areas. The average particle fractions (θ) of ƩPFCAs (θ = 0.74 ± 0.26) and ƩPFSAs (θ = 0.78 ± 0.22) were higher compared to ƩFOSA/Es (θ = 0.31 ± 0.35). However, they may be subject to sampling artefacts. This is the first study ever reporting PFASs concentrations in air samples collected over consecutive years. Significant decreases in 2012–2014 for PFOA, MeFOSE, EtFOSE and ƩPFCAs were observed with apparent half-lives of 1.01, 0.86, 0.92 and 1.94 years, respectively. A total of 74 high volume air samples were collected at a background site in Czech Republic from 2012 to 2014 in which the concentrations of 20 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated. The total concentrations (gas + particle phase) ranged from 0.03 to 2.08 pg m-3 (average 0.52 pg m-3) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (∑PFCAs), from 0.02 to 0.85 pg m-3 (average 0.28 pg m-3) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (ΣPFSAs) and from below detection to 0.18 pg m-3 (average 0.05 pg m-3) for the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and sulfonamidoethanols (ΣFOSA/Es). The gas phase concentrations of most PFASs were not controlled by temperature dependent sources but rather by long-range atmospheric transport. Air mass backward trajectory analysis showed that the highest concentrations of PFASs were mainly originating from continental areas. The average particle fractions (θ) of ΣPFCAs (θ = 0.74 ± 0.26) and ΣPFSAs (θ = 0.78 ± 0.22) were higher compared to ΣFOSA/Es (θ = 0.31 ± 0.35). However, they may be subject to sampling artefacts. This is the first study ever reporting PFASs concentrations in air samples collected over consecutive years. Significant decreases in 2012-2014 for PFOA, MeFOSE, EtFOSE and ∑PFCAs were observed with apparent half-lives of 1.01, 0.86, 0.92 and 1.94 years, respectively.A total of 74 high volume air samples were collected at a background site in Czech Republic from 2012 to 2014 in which the concentrations of 20 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated. The total concentrations (gas + particle phase) ranged from 0.03 to 2.08 pg m-3 (average 0.52 pg m-3) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (∑PFCAs), from 0.02 to 0.85 pg m-3 (average 0.28 pg m-3) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (ΣPFSAs) and from below detection to 0.18 pg m-3 (average 0.05 pg m-3) for the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and sulfonamidoethanols (ΣFOSA/Es). The gas phase concentrations of most PFASs were not controlled by temperature dependent sources but rather by long-range atmospheric transport. Air mass backward trajectory analysis showed that the highest concentrations of PFASs were mainly originating from continental areas. The average particle fractions (θ) of ΣPFCAs (θ = 0.74 ± 0.26) and ΣPFSAs (θ = 0.78 ± 0.22) were higher compared to ΣFOSA/Es (θ = 0.31 ± 0.35). However, they may be subject to sampling artefacts. This is the first study ever reporting PFASs concentrations in air samples collected over consecutive years. Significant decreases in 2012-2014 for PFOA, MeFOSE, EtFOSE and ∑PFCAs were observed with apparent half-lives of 1.01, 0.86, 0.92 and 1.94 years, respectively. A total of 74 high volume air samples were collected at a background site in Czech Republic from 2012 to 2014 in which the concentrations of 20 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated. The total concentrations (gas + particle phase) ranged from 0.03 to 2.08 pg m⁻³ (average 0.52 pg m⁻³) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (∑PFCAs), from 0.02 to 0.85 pg m⁻³ (average 0.28 pg m⁻³) for the sum of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (ΣPFSAs) and from below detection to 0.18 pg m⁻³ (average 0.05 pg m⁻³) for the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and sulfonamidoethanols (ΣFOSA/Es). The gas phase concentrations of most PFASs were not controlled by temperature dependent sources but rather by long-range atmospheric transport. Air mass backward trajectory analysis showed that the highest concentrations of PFASs were mainly originating from continental areas. The average particle fractions (θ) of ΣPFCAs (θ = 0.74 ± 0.26) and ΣPFSAs (θ = 0.78 ± 0.22) were higher compared to ΣFOSA/Es (θ = 0.31 ± 0.35). However, they may be subject to sampling artefacts. This is the first study ever reporting PFASs concentrations in air samples collected over consecutive years. Significant decreases in 2012–2014 for PFOA, MeFOSE, EtFOSE and ∑PFCAs were observed with apparent half-lives of 1.01, 0.86, 0.92 and 1.94 years, respectively.
ArticleNumber	114851
Author	Prokeš, Roman Bečanová, Jitka Degrendele, Céline Karásková, Pavlína Paragot, Nils Klánová, Jana Lammel, Gerhard
AuthorAffiliation	2 Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA 1 Masaryk University, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA – name: 1 Masaryk University, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Cites_doi	10.1039/b701417a 10.1021/es300898s 10.5194/acp-16-1531-2016 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.053 10.1021/es900753y 10.1021/acs.est.8b00995 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124852 10.5194/acp-18-12877-2018 10.1021/es0619861 10.1021/es502164r 10.1093/nsr/nwx117 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.010 10.1021/es900464a 10.1039/C9EM00326F 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.112 10.1021/es0493446 10.1021/es0512475 10.1021/es802216n 10.5194/acp-15-1795-2015 10.5194/acp-5-2461-2005 10.5194/acp-10-9965-2010 10.1021/es202958p 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.056 10.1021/es204527q 10.1007/s11356-013-1757-z 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.012 10.1002/ieam.258 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.012 10.1021/es035337q 10.1021/es9709740 10.1007/s00216-006-0737-2 10.1039/C0EM00373E 10.1021/acs.est.8b00544 10.1016/j.emcon.2015.08.001 10.1021/acs.est.6b04806 10.1021/ac202414w 10.1021/es022253t 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.036 10.1016/0004-6981(87)90363-5 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.047 10.1021/es034136j 10.1039/B700750G 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.05.030 10.5194/acp-18-8745-2018 10.1021/es001834k
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Keywords	Gas-particle partitioning Seasonal variations Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances Long-range atmospheric transport Multi-year variations
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Author contribution Jana Klánová and Gerhard Lammel designed the study. Roman Prokeš performed the sampling and the chemical analysis was done by Pavlína Karásková using an analytical method previously developed by Jitka Bečanová. Nils Paragot and Céline Degrendele were responsible for the data analysis and Jitka Bečanová significantly helped with the interpretation of the results. Nils Paragot and Céline Degrendele wrote the article with inputs from all co-authors.
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Snippet	A total of 74 high volume air samples were collected at a background site in Czech Republic from 2012 to 2014 in which the concentrations of 20 per- and...
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SubjectTerms	air Central European region Czech Republic Gas-particle partitioning half life Long-range atmospheric transport Multi-year variations Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances perfluorocarbons pollution Seasonal variations sulfonates temperature
Title	Multi-year atmospheric concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) at a background site in central Europe
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