Investigating Validity Evidence of the Satisfaction with Life Scale Adapted for Children

• Published in: Social indicators research Vol. 96; no. 2; pp. 229 - 247
• Main Authors: Gadermann, Anne M, Schonert-Reichl, Kimberly A, Zumbo, Bruno D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands 01.04.2010; Springer; Springer Netherlands; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescence; Adolescents; Age; Age groups; Behavior; Child development; Child. Socialization; Children; Children & youth; Construct Validity; Correlations; Depression (Psychology); Discriminant Validity; Discriminants; Drug use; Effect Size; Empathy; Empowerment; Factor Structure; History, theory and methodology; Human Geography; Internal Consistency; Life Satisfaction; Longitudinal Studies; Measures (Individuals); Methodology; Microeconomics; Optimism; Perspective Taking; Principal components analysis; Psychometrics; Public Health; Quality of life; Quality of Life Research; Quantitative psychology; Scores; Self Concept; Self Efficacy; Social Sciences; Sociodemographic Factors; Sociology; Sociology of the family. Age groups; Students; Studies; Teenagers; Validation studies; Validity; Well-being; Wellbeing; United States > US; Subjective well-being; Satisfaction with life; Children; Satisfaction with Life Scale adapted for Children; Adolescents; Measurement; Quality of Life; Psychometrics; Child; Satisfaction
• DOI: 10.1007/s11205-009-9474-1
• ISSN: 0303-8300

This study introduces the Satisfaction with Life Scale adapted for Children (SWLS-C) and presents psychometric findings regarding its validation. The SWLS-C was adapted from the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al. 1985), which is one of the most commonly used measures to assess satisfaction with life in adults. Three subject matter experts adapted the SWLS by changing the wording of the item stem and response format in order to make it more understandable for children. A stratified random sample of 1,233 students (48% girls) in grades 4-7 (mean age 11 years and 7 months) provided data on the SWLS-C and measures of optimism, self-concept, self-efficacy, depression, emphatic concern, and perspective taking. The SWLS-C demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure and high internal consistency. Furthermore, differential item functioning and differential scale functioning analyses indicated that the SWLS-C measures satisfaction with life in the same way for different groups of children (i.e., with regard to gender, first language learned at home—English vs. other language(s) than English—and across different grades) at the item and at the scale level. Associations between scores on the SWLS-C and demographic variables were statistically non-significant or of small effect size. In addition, the SWLS-C showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity in relation to the other measures. Our results indicate that the SWLS-C is a psychometrically sound instrument that demonstrated evidence of construct validity for this age group. Limitations and future directions are discussed.