Biochar application to a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions: effects on soil properties and yield formation of wheat, turnip rape and faba bean

Background and aims We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions. Methods In a three-year field experiment conducted in Finland, the field was divided into three sub-experiments...

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Published inPlant and soil Vol. 374; no. 1/2; pp. 89 - 107
Main Authors Tammeorg, Priit, Simojoki, Asko, Mäkelä, Pirjo, Stoddard, Frederick L., Alakukku, Laura, Helenius, Juha
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cham Springer 01.01.2014
Springer International Publishing
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Acid soils
Agricultural biotechnology
Agricultural production
Agricultural research
Agricultural soils
Agrology
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Biochar
Biological and medical sciences
Biomass
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera
Cereal crops
Charcoal
Chemical properties
Clay loam
Clay loam soils
Clay soils
Crop yield
Ecology
Environmental aspects
Experimental design
faba beans
fertilizer rates
Fertilizers
field experimentation
Finland
Forest soils
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General agronomy. Plant production
Growing season
Life Sciences
Moisture content
nitrogen content
NPK fertilizers
plant density
plant development
Plant Physiology
Plant Sciences
Plant-soil relationships
Planting density
Plants
Rape (Plant)
Regular Article
sandy clay loam soils
Soil fertility
Soil moisture
Soil properties
Soil science
Soil Science & Conservation
Soil sciences
Soil water content
Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility
Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments
Studies
subarctic climates
Triticum aestivum
Vicia faba
Water deficit
Wheat
Wheat soils
Finland
Yield components
Nitrogen uptake
Brassica rapa
Water retention
Vicia faba
Triticum aestivum
Water
Monocotyledones
Fababean
Retention
Cereal crop
Carbonization
Cruciferae
Gramineae
Dicotyledones
Angiospermae
C3-Type
Vegetals
Property of soil
Nitrogen
Nutrient uptake
Biochar
Grain legume
Leguminosae
Vegetable crop
Sandy clay loam soil
Spermatophyta
Yield
Yield component
Soil plant relation
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Abstract Background and aims We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions. Methods In a three-year field experiment conducted in Finland, the field was divided into three sub-experiments with a split-plot experimental design, one for each crop: wheat (Triticum aestivum), turnip rape (Brassica rapa), and faba bean (Vicia faba). The main plot factor was BC rate (0, 5 and 101 DM ha⁻¹) and the sub-plot factor was the N-P-K fertiliser rate. Soil physico-chemical properties as well as plant development, yield components and quality were investigated. Results BC addition did not significantly affect the soil chemical composition other than the increased C and initially increased K contents. Increased soil moisture content was associated with BC application, especially at the end of the growing seasons. BC decreased the N content of turnip rape and wheat biomass in 2010, thus possibly indicating an initial N immobilisation. In dry years, the seed number per plant was significantly higher in faba bean and turnip rape when grown with BC, possibly due to compensation for decreased plant density and relieved water deficit. However, the grain yields and N uptake with BC addition were not significantly different from the control in any year. Conclusions Even though BC application to a fertile sandy clay loam in a boreal climate might have relieved transient water deficit and thereby supported yield formation of crops, it did not improve the yield or N uptake.
AbstractList Background and aims We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions. Methods In a three-year field experiment conducted in Finland, the field was divided into three sub-experiments with a split-plot experimental design, one for each crop: wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), turnip rape ( Brassica rapa ), and faba bean ( Vicia faba ). The main plot factor was BC rate (0, 5 and 10 t DM ha −1 ) and the sub-plot factor was the N-P-K fertiliser rate. Soil physico-chemical properties as well as plant development, yield components and quality were investigated. Results BC addition did not significantly affect the soil chemical composition other than the increased C and initially increased K contents. Increased soil moisture content was associated with BC application, especially at the end of the growing seasons. BC decreased the N content of turnip rape and wheat biomass in 2010, thus possibly indicating an initial N immobilisation. In dry years, the seed number per plant was significantly higher in faba bean and turnip rape when grown with BC, possibly due to compensation for decreased plant density and relieved water deficit. However, the grain yields and N uptake with BC addition were not significantly different from the control in any year. Conclusions Even though BC application to a fertile sandy clay loam in a boreal climate might have relieved transient water deficit and thereby supported yield formation of crops, it did not improve the yield or N uptake.
Background and aims We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions. Methods In a three-year field experiment conducted in Finland, the field was divided into three sub-experiments with a split-plot experimental design, one for each crop: wheat (Triticum aestivum), turnip rape (Brassica rapa), and faba bean (Vicia faba). The main plot factor was BC rate (0, 5 and 10 t DM [ha.sup.-1]) and the sub-plot factor was the N-P-K fertiliser rate. Soil physico-chemical properties as well as plant development, yield components and quality were investigated. Results BC addition did not significantly affect the soil chemical composition other than the increased C and initially increased K contents. Increased soil moisture content was associated with BC application, especially at the end of the growing seasons. BC decreased the N content of turnip rape and wheat biomass in 2010, thus possibly indicating an initial N immobilisation. In dry years, the seed number per plant was significantly higher in faba bean and turnip rape when grown with BC, possibly due to compensation for decreased plant density and relieved water deficit. However, the grain yields and N uptake with BC addition were not significantly different from the control in any year. Conclusions Even though BC application to a fertile sandy clay loam in a boreal climate might have relieved transient water deficit and thereby supported yield formation of crops, it did not improve the yield or N uptake. Keywords Brassica rapa * Nitrogen uptake * Triticum aestivum * Vicia faba * Water retention * Yield components
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions. METHODS: In a three-year field experiment conducted in Finland, the field was divided into three sub-experiments with a split-plot experimental design, one for each crop: wheat (Triticum aestivum), turnip rape (Brassica rapa), and faba bean (Vicia faba). The main plot factor was BC rate (0, 5 and 10 t DM ha⁻¹) and the sub-plot factor was the N-P-K fertiliser rate. Soil physico-chemical properties as well as plant development, yield components and quality were investigated. RESULTS: BC addition did not significantly affect the soil chemical composition other than the increased C and initially increased K contents. Increased soil moisture content was associated with BC application, especially at the end of the growing seasons. BC decreased the N content of turnip rape and wheat biomass in 2010, thus possibly indicating an initial N immobilisation. In dry years, the seed number per plant was significantly higher in faba bean and turnip rape when grown with BC, possibly due to compensation for decreased plant density and relieved water deficit. However, the grain yields and N uptake with BC addition were not significantly different from the control in any year. CONCLUSIONS: Even though BC application to a fertile sandy clay loam in a boreal climate might have relieved transient water deficit and thereby supported yield formation of crops, it did not improve the yield or N uptake.
Background and aims We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions. Methods In a three-year field experiment conducted in Finland, the field was divided into three sub-experiments with a split-plot experimental design, one for each crop: wheat (Triticum aestivum), turnip rape (Brassica rapa), and faba bean (Vicia faba). The main plot factor was BC rate (0, 5 and 101 DM ha⁻¹) and the sub-plot factor was the N-P-K fertiliser rate. Soil physico-chemical properties as well as plant development, yield components and quality were investigated. Results BC addition did not significantly affect the soil chemical composition other than the increased C and initially increased K contents. Increased soil moisture content was associated with BC application, especially at the end of the growing seasons. BC decreased the N content of turnip rape and wheat biomass in 2010, thus possibly indicating an initial N immobilisation. In dry years, the seed number per plant was significantly higher in faba bean and turnip rape when grown with BC, possibly due to compensation for decreased plant density and relieved water deficit. However, the grain yields and N uptake with BC addition were not significantly different from the control in any year. Conclusions Even though BC application to a fertile sandy clay loam in a boreal climate might have relieved transient water deficit and thereby supported yield formation of crops, it did not improve the yield or N uptake.
Background and aims: We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions. Methods: In a three-year field experiment conducted in Finland, the field was divided into three sub-experiments with a split-plot experimental design, one for each crop: wheat (Triticum aestivum), turnip rape (Brassica rapa), and faba bean (Vicia faba). The main plot factor was BC rate (0, 5 and 10 t DM ha super(-1)) and the sub-plot factor was the N-P-K fertiliser rate. Soil physico-chemical properties as well as plant development, yield components and quality were investigated. Results: BC addition did not significantly affect the soil chemical composition other than the increased C and initially increased K contents. Increased soil moisture content was associated with BC application, especially at the end of the growing seasons. BC decreased the N content of turnip rape and wheat biomass in 2010, thus possibly indicating an initial N immobilisation. In dry years, the seed number per plant was significantly higher in faba bean and turnip rape when grown with BC, possibly due to compensation for decreased plant density and relieved water deficit. However, the grain yields and N uptake with BC addition were not significantly different from the control in any year. Conclusions: Even though BC application to a fertile sandy clay loam in a boreal climate might have relieved transient water deficit and thereby supported yield formation of crops, it did not improve the yield or N uptake.
We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions. In a three-year field experiment conducted in Finland, the field was divided into three sub-experiments with a split-plot experimental design, one for each crop: wheat (Triticum aestivum), turnip rape (Brassica rapa), and faba bean (Vicia faba). The main plot factor was BC rate (0, 5 and 10 t DM ha^sup -1^) and the sub-plot factor was the N-P-K fertiliser rate. Soil physico-chemical properties as well as plant development, yield components and quality were investigated. BC addition did not significantly affect the soil chemical composition other than the increased C and initially increased K contents. Increased soil moisture content was associated with BC application, especially at the end of the growing seasons. BC decreased the N content of turnip rape and wheat biomass in 2010, thus possibly indicating an initial N immobilisation. In dry years, the seed number per plant was significantly higher in faba bean and turnip rape when grown with BC, possibly due to compensation for decreased plant density and relieved water deficit. However, the grain yields and N uptake with BC addition were not significantly different from the control in any year. Even though BC application to a fertile sandy clay loam in a boreal climate might have relieved transient water deficit and thereby supported yield formation of crops, it did not improve the yield or N uptake.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Audience Academic
Author Mäkelä, Pirjo
Stoddard, Frederick L.
Alakukku, Laura
Tammeorg, Priit
Simojoki, Asko
Helenius, Juha
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  surname: Alakukku
  fullname: Alakukku, Laura
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  surname: Helenius
  fullname: Helenius, Juha
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Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-13dd7c8db18e1df53b0c4740595261cd5ed18f1f63515fc7e85adef6a32a39d53
IEDL.DBID U2A
ISSN 0032-079X
IngestDate Sun Aug 24 03:53:57 EDT 2025
Tue Aug 05 10:35:42 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 10:21:05 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 20:16:04 EDT 2025
Wed Apr 02 07:27:35 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:06:40 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 00:58:52 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:33:33 EST 2025
Sun Aug 24 12:10:26 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1/2
Keywords Yield components
Nitrogen uptake
Brassica rapa
Water retention
Vicia faba
Triticum aestivum
Water
Monocotyledones
Fababean
Retention
Cereal crop
Carbonization
Cruciferae
Gramineae
Dicotyledones
Angiospermae
C3-Type
Vegetals
Property of soil
Nitrogen
Nutrient uptake
Biochar
Grain legume
Leguminosae
Vegetable crop
Sandy clay loam soil
Spermatophyta
Yield
Yield component
Soil plant relation
Language English
License http://www.springer.com/tdm
CC BY 4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c539t-13dd7c8db18e1df53b0c4740595261cd5ed18f1f63515fc7e85adef6a32a39d53
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ObjectType-Feature-1
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ObjectType-Article-1
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content type line 23
PQID 1469610106
PQPubID 54098
PageCount 19
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2551930911
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crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s11104_013_1851_5
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11104_013_1851_5
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PublicationDate 2014-01-01
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PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2014
  text: 2014-01-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Cham
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PublicationSubtitle An International Journal on Plant-Soil Relationships
PublicationTitle Plant and soil
PublicationTitleAbbrev Plant Soil
PublicationYear 2014
Publisher Springer
Springer International Publishing
Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Springer
– name: Springer International Publishing
– name: Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Background and aims We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy...
Background and aims We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy...
We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal...
Background and aims: We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy...
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StartPage 89
SubjectTerms Acid soils
Agricultural biotechnology
Agricultural production
Agricultural research
Agricultural soils
Agrology
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Biochar
Biological and medical sciences
Biomass
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera
Cereal crops
Charcoal
Chemical properties
Clay loam
Clay loam soils
Clay soils
Crop yield
Ecology
Environmental aspects
Experimental design
faba beans
fertilizer rates
Fertilizers
field experimentation
Finland
Forest soils
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General agronomy. Plant production
Growing season
Life Sciences
Moisture content
nitrogen content
NPK fertilizers
plant density
plant development
Plant Physiology
Plant Sciences
Plant-soil relationships
Planting density
Plants
Rape (Plant)
Regular Article
sandy clay loam soils
Soil fertility
Soil moisture
Soil properties
Soil science
Soil Science & Conservation
Soil sciences
Soil water content
Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility
Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments
Studies
subarctic climates
Triticum aestivum
Vicia faba
Water deficit
Wheat
Wheat soils
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Title Biochar application to a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions: effects on soil properties and yield formation of wheat, turnip rape and faba bean
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