Insights from Avian Influenza: A Review of Its Multifaceted Nature and Future Pandemic Preparedness

• Published in: Viruses Vol. 16; no. 3; p. 458
• Main Authors: He, Jianning, Kam, Yiu-Wing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.03.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies; Antigens; Antiviral agents; antiviral drugs; Avian flu; Avian influenza; Avian influenza viruses; Bird migration; Causes of; China; Control; Distribution; Drug therapy; Epidemics; Epidemiology; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Humans; Identification and classification; Immune response; Immunosuppressive agents; Infections; Influenza; Influenza A virus - genetics; Influenza in Birds - epidemiology; Influenza in Birds - prevention & control; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human - epidemiology; Influenza, Human - prevention & control; Medical research; Mutation; Orthomyxoviridae; pandemic management; Pandemic Preparedness; Pandemics; Pandemics - prevention & control; pathogenesis; Poultry; Proteins; Review; Reviews; virology; Virus research; Viruses; China; Asia; North America; epidemiology; pathogenesis; avian influenza; influenza vaccines; immune response; virology; antigenic drift; antiviral drugs; pandemic management; antigenic shift
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v16030458

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have posed a significant pandemic threat since their discovery. This review mainly focuses on the epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatments of avian influenza viruses. We delve into the global spread, past pandemics, clinical symptoms, severity, and immune response related to AIVs. The review also discusses various control measures, including antiviral drugs, vaccines, and potential future directions in influenza treatment and prevention. Lastly, by summarizing the insights from previous pandemic control, this review aims to direct effective strategies for managing future influenza pandemics.