The genetic and environmental relationship between major depression and the five-factor model of personality

• Published in: Psychological medicine Vol. 40; no. 5; pp. 801 - 806
• Main Authors: Kendler, K. S., Myers, J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.05.2010
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Biological and medical sciences; Character; Conscience; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major - genetics; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology; Diseases in Twins - genetics; Diseases in Twins - psychology; Extraversion (Psychology); Female; Five factor model; Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics; Genetic susceptibility; genetics; Genotype & phenotype; Humans; major depression; Male; Medical sciences; Mental depression; Models, Psychological; Mood disorders; Neurotic Disorders - genetics; Neurotic Disorders - psychology; Neuroticism; personality; Personality Inventory - statistics & numerical data; Personality tests; Personality traits; Phenotype; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychometrics; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Risk Factors; Social Environment; twin studies; Web sites; United States; North America; America; Five-factor model; genetics; personality; twin studies; major depression; Mood disorder; Social environment; Human; Family study; Mental health; Depression; Environmental factor; Personality; Genetic determinism; Twin; Genotype environment interaction; Big Five personality model; Genetics; Public health
• DOI: 10.1017/S0033291709991140
• ISSN: 0033-2917; 1469-8978

Certain personality traits have long been suspected to reflect an enduring vulnerability to major depression (MD) in part because of shared genetic risk factors. Although many have agreed that normative personality is well captured by the 'Big-Five' personality traits of Openness (O), Conscientiousness (C), Extraversion (E), Agreeableness (A) and Neuroticism (N), to date genetically informative studies have only examined the relationship between MD and N and E. Questionnaires were completed on a website, yielding a sample of 44 112 subjects including both members of 542 same-sex twin pairs. Personality was measured by the Big Five Inventory. Structural modeling was performed by Mx. Three of the big-five personality traits--O, E and A--had small phenotypic associations with risk for MD and small genetic correlations. Two traits--N and C--had stronger phenotypic associations (positive for N and negative for C) with the following estimates of the genetic correlation with MD: +0.43 for N and -0.36 for C. N and C were moderately negatively correlated. Controlling for N reduced the genetic correlation between C and MD more than controlling for C reduced the genetic correlation between N and MD. A large proportion of the genetic risk for MD that is expressed via personality is captured by N, with a modest amount due to C, and small amounts from O, E and A.