Climate Endgame Exploring catastrophic climate change scenarios
Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate change result in worldwide societal collapse or even eventual human extinction? At present, this is a dangerously underexp...
Saved in:
| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 119; no. 34; pp. 1 - 9 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
23.08.2022
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0027-8424 1091-6490 1091-6490 |
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2108146119 |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate change result in worldwide societal collapse or even eventual human extinction? At present, this is a dangerously underexplored topic. Yet there are ample reasons to suspect that climate change could result in a global catastrophe. Analyzing the mechanisms for these extreme consequences could help galvanize action, improve resilience, and inform policy, including emergency responses. We outline current knowledge about the likelihood of extreme climate change, discuss why understanding bad-to-worst cases is vital, articulate reasons for concern about catastrophic outcomes, define key terms, and put forward a research agenda. The proposed agenda covers four main questions: 1) What is the potential for climate change to drive mass extinction events? 2) What are the mechanisms that could result in human mass mortality and morbidity? 3) What are human societies' vulnerabilities to climate-triggered risk cascades, such as from conflict, political instability, and systemic financial risk? 4) How can these multiple strands of evidence—together with other global dangers—be usefully synthesized into an “integrated catastrophe assessment”? It is time for the scientific community to grapple with the challenge of better understanding catastrophic climate change. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate change result in worldwide societal collapse or even eventual human extinction? At present, this is a dangerously underexplored topic. Yet there are ample reasons to suspect that climate change could result in a global catastrophe. Analyzing the mechanisms for these extreme consequences could help galvanize action, improve resilience, and inform policy, including emergency responses. We outline current knowledge about the likelihood of extreme climate change, discuss why understanding bad-to-worst cases is vital, articulate reasons for concern about catastrophic outcomes, define key terms, and put forward a research agenda. The proposed agenda covers four main questions: 1) What is the potential for climate change to drive mass extinction events? 2) What are the mechanisms that could result in human mass mortality and morbidity? 3) What are human societies' vulnerabilities to climate-triggered risk cascades, such as from conflict, political instability, and systemic financial risk? 4) How can these multiple strands of evidence-together with other global dangers-be usefully synthesized into an "integrated catastrophe assessment"? It is time for the scientific community to grapple with the challenge of better understanding catastrophic climate change. Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate change result in worldwide societal collapse or even eventual human extinction? At present, this is a dangerously underexplored topic. Yet there are ample reasons to suspect that climate change could result in a global catastrophe. Analyzing the mechanisms for these extreme consequences could help galvanize action, improve resilience, and inform policy, including emergency responses. We outline current knowledge about the likelihood of extreme climate change, discuss why understanding bad-to-worst cases is vital, articulate reasons for concern about catastrophic outcomes, define key terms, and put forward a research agenda. The proposed agenda covers four main questions: 1) What is the potential for climate change to drive mass extinction events? 2) What are the mechanisms that could result in human mass mortality and morbidity? 3) What are human societies' vulnerabilities to climate-triggered risk cascades, such as from conflict, political instability, and systemic financial risk? 4) How can these multiple strands of evidence-together with other global dangers-be usefully synthesized into an "integrated catastrophe assessment"? It is time for the scientific community to grapple with the challenge of better understanding catastrophic climate change.Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate change result in worldwide societal collapse or even eventual human extinction? At present, this is a dangerously underexplored topic. Yet there are ample reasons to suspect that climate change could result in a global catastrophe. Analyzing the mechanisms for these extreme consequences could help galvanize action, improve resilience, and inform policy, including emergency responses. We outline current knowledge about the likelihood of extreme climate change, discuss why understanding bad-to-worst cases is vital, articulate reasons for concern about catastrophic outcomes, define key terms, and put forward a research agenda. The proposed agenda covers four main questions: 1) What is the potential for climate change to drive mass extinction events? 2) What are the mechanisms that could result in human mass mortality and morbidity? 3) What are human societies' vulnerabilities to climate-triggered risk cascades, such as from conflict, political instability, and systemic financial risk? 4) How can these multiple strands of evidence-together with other global dangers-be usefully synthesized into an "integrated catastrophe assessment"? It is time for the scientific community to grapple with the challenge of better understanding catastrophic climate change. |
| Author | Depledge, Joanna Lenton, Timothy M. Steffen, Will Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim Xu, Chi Gibbins, Goodwin Ebi, Kristie L. Rockström, Johan Kohler, Timothy A. Scheffer, Marten Kemp, Luke |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Luke surname: Kemp fullname: Kemp, Luke – sequence: 2 givenname: Chi surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Chi – sequence: 3 givenname: Joanna surname: Depledge fullname: Depledge, Joanna – sequence: 4 givenname: Kristie L. surname: Ebi fullname: Ebi, Kristie L. – sequence: 5 givenname: Goodwin surname: Gibbins fullname: Gibbins, Goodwin – sequence: 6 givenname: Timothy A. surname: Kohler fullname: Kohler, Timothy A. – sequence: 7 givenname: Johan surname: Rockström fullname: Rockström, Johan – sequence: 8 givenname: Marten surname: Scheffer fullname: Scheffer, Marten – sequence: 9 givenname: Hans Joachim surname: Schellnhuber fullname: Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim – sequence: 10 givenname: Will surname: Steffen fullname: Steffen, Will – sequence: 11 givenname: Timothy M. surname: Lenton fullname: Lenton, Timothy M. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35914185$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kbtPwzAYxC1URB8gRiYQEgtL2s9ve0FCVXlIlVhgtpzEKanSuMQpEv89rloKdOjkwb873_n6qFP72iF0gWGIQdLRsrZhSDAozATG-gj1MGicCKahg3oARCaKEdZF_RDmAKC5ghPUpVxjhhXvofNxVS5s664ndT6zC3eKjgtbBXe2PQfo7WHyOn5Kpi-Pz-P7aZJxKtuEOKyKjAnOrcy4oE5bXVAFymomhLAiZzkT1LpCpZSqlKXa5cwRrXPI0ph8gO42vstVunB55uq2sZVZNjFN82W8Lc3_m7p8NzP_aTQDSbCIBrdbg8Z_rFxozaIMmasqWzu_CoYILalQmENEb_bQuV81daxniKSccBCcHaZAUU2A8khd_c29C_zzoxEYbYCs8SE0rtghGMx6M7PezPxuFhV8T5GVrW1Lvy5eVgd0lxvdPLS-2T1DJJaxNabfRyShaA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s10708_024_11174_8 crossref_primary_10_1080_00963402_2025_2464442 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2214884119 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiph_2024_102615 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41559_023_02217_3 crossref_primary_10_3917_inno_pr2_0146 crossref_primary_10_51800_ecd_1296895 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43545_022_00514_5 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2319011121 crossref_primary_10_1097_EJA_0000000000002049 crossref_primary_10_1029_2023AV001020 crossref_primary_10_5194_essd_17_317_2025 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11069_023_06220_6 crossref_primary_10_1029_2023AV001148 crossref_primary_10_1093_isr_viaf003 crossref_primary_10_3389_frai_2023_1168749 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41562_025_02131_7 crossref_primary_10_1108_IJLM_02_2024_0078 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajcnut_2023_03_029 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geosus_2024_01_007 crossref_primary_10_1093_wbro_lkae001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2024_122067 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physd_2023_133969 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2216034119 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12915_024_02077_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsl_2023_118458 crossref_primary_10_17065_huniibf_1249730 crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_acef3f crossref_primary_10_1016_j_techfore_2023_122624 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0031182023000689 crossref_primary_10_1080_13504622_2023_2273791 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_5053106 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physd_2023_134020 crossref_primary_10_1038_s44168_024_00135_z crossref_primary_10_1057_s41599_024_04246_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpos_2023_1190610 crossref_primary_10_1111_cobi_14227 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_worlddev_2025_106941 crossref_primary_10_1093_fampra_cmac151 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15032636 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00103_023_03711_6 crossref_primary_10_1177_10245294231213141 crossref_primary_10_46830_writn_23_00154 crossref_primary_10_1080_09644016_2022_2164238 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oneear_2023_05_011 crossref_primary_10_1051_nss_2024004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_futures_2022_103075 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2024_142044 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000039428 crossref_primary_10_3390_land11112085 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_futures_2024_103432 crossref_primary_10_3390_polym15030681 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10784_024_09628_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvp_2024_102383 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chiabu_2023_106430 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_163883 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pcbi_1011762 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_waojou_2024_100988 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms12030576 crossref_primary_10_1080_13642529_2024_2352315 crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2023_1237076 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2022_116437 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42532_022_00137_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41893_023_01157_x crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_adb6be crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joclim_2024_100329 crossref_primary_10_1093_wbro_lkad011 crossref_primary_10_1111_risa_17703 crossref_primary_10_3390_plants12112106 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2405458121 crossref_primary_10_46932_sfjdv5n12_045 crossref_primary_10_1002_pip_3659 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2024_123568 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41893_023_01132_6 crossref_primary_10_2478_environ_2024_0004 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40309_024_00228_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_resconrec_2024_107968 crossref_primary_10_1111_jiec_13435 crossref_primary_10_1123_jpah_2024_0522 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_earscirev_2023_104515 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_52437_9 crossref_primary_10_1080_03036758_2024_2393295 crossref_primary_10_1080_1369183X_2024_2438449 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00108_025_01867_8 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2216155119 crossref_primary_10_3390_en15197082 crossref_primary_10_1093_biosci_biad080 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2217404119 crossref_primary_10_1080_14747731_2024_2350130 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_2c06203 crossref_primary_10_21706_aep_18_1_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_cli12110179 crossref_primary_10_3389_fsoc_2022_1021641 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oneear_2024_06_008 crossref_primary_10_3390_en16166074 crossref_primary_10_1017_aog_2024_22 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2022_0259 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43621_022_00105_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_169684 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_futures_2023_103173 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_024_11695_5 crossref_primary_10_30820_2752_2245_2023_1_9 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0197940 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2023_0022 crossref_primary_10_1002_jsc_2593 crossref_primary_10_1111_imcb_12624 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcpxs_2024_1323321 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2023_136530 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jafr_2024_100978 crossref_primary_10_1029_2023EF004392 crossref_primary_10_1177_10525629231210524 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10814_023_09193_z crossref_primary_10_3390_su17072883 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecolecon_2022_107588 crossref_primary_10_1097_YCO_0000000000000859 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecolecon_2023_107887 crossref_primary_10_1080_03036758_2023_2267016 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15097243 crossref_primary_10_1093_biosci_biac083 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_53460_6 crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_adr0314 crossref_primary_10_1142_S0219477525500063 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_024_07335_7 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2022_0390 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00338_024_02545_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11027_024_10180_y crossref_primary_10_1057_s41599_024_02941_6 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2022_0397 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0297439 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_crm_2022_100471 crossref_primary_10_1002_geo2_146 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jglr_2024_102351 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sftr_2024_100222 crossref_primary_10_1029_2024EF004422 crossref_primary_10_1111_1751_7915_14222 crossref_primary_10_5194_gmd_17_4533_2024 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_169948 crossref_primary_10_1002_wcc_876 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isci_2023_105926 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10668_024_05355_1 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjgh_2023_013274 crossref_primary_10_1002_wcc_871 crossref_primary_10_5814_j_issn_1674_764x_2024_01_017 crossref_primary_10_3390_f15112036 crossref_primary_10_3390_en16124706 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00104_023_01814_z crossref_primary_10_1017_sus_2024_1 crossref_primary_10_3389_fncir_2022_995354 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cosust_2023_101386 crossref_primary_10_1177_00380261241261452 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11269_024_03874_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_indic_2024_100458 crossref_primary_10_5194_gmd_17_8593_2024 crossref_primary_10_5194_esd_15_41_2024 crossref_primary_10_1111_1745_5871_12577 crossref_primary_10_55533_2765_8414_1049 crossref_primary_10_1080_23299460_2024_2346972 crossref_primary_10_1002_wcc_883 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egycc_2023_100102 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marenvres_2024_106909 crossref_primary_10_3390_cli12070098 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2209472120 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0140525X24000050 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_023_04567_1 crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_abq4207 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jeem_2024_102974 crossref_primary_10_1080_13698230_2023_2286879 crossref_primary_10_1093_monist_onae007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_techsoc_2024_102505 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xcrp_2024_102286 crossref_primary_10_1080_17441692_2024_2415499 crossref_primary_10_1177_09632719241255857 crossref_primary_10_1177_25148486241289006 crossref_primary_10_1080_13563467_2024_2434469 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00105_022_05084_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10767_024_09492_3 crossref_primary_10_1080_23322373_2022_2155022 crossref_primary_10_1002_fut_22565 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_17801 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joclim_2025_100412 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2025_144933 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2201926119 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_futures_2024_103361 crossref_primary_10_1098_rspa_2023_0679 crossref_primary_10_3390_su17031337 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10228_024_00994_w crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_91195_6 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_financial_082123_105722 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cub_2024_02_044 crossref_primary_10_3390_su152316530 crossref_primary_10_1111_ecaf_12613 crossref_primary_10_3390_su151914298 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpls_2023_1297569 crossref_primary_10_3389_fclim_2023_1127479 crossref_primary_10_1111_anae_16160 crossref_primary_10_1002_aenm_202304502 crossref_primary_10_1029_2022EF003179 crossref_primary_10_3389_fsoc_2024_1456871 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12662_023_00923_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gloenvcha_2024_102878 crossref_primary_10_3390_socsci13040203 crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos14071183 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10584_024_03788_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_178333 crossref_primary_10_1017_sus_2024_15 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eneco_2024_107627 crossref_primary_10_1002_gch2_202300089 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43247_024_01799_5 crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_ad5031 crossref_primary_10_5194_nhess_23_3603_2023 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44168_022_00024_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2022_135700 crossref_primary_10_1111_acv_12820 crossref_primary_10_1080_13669877_2023_2288010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joule_2023_06_004 crossref_primary_10_2478_sspjce_2023_0020 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10311_024_01746_y crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_58826_w crossref_primary_10_1123_jpah_2023_0714 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_futures_2025_103569 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gloenvcha_2024_102884 crossref_primary_10_1177_27538796241226996 crossref_primary_10_1080_13500775_2023_2343213 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10668_025_06052_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cosust_2023_101343 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10767_023_09463_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_landusepol_2024_107169 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jafr_2023_100722 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41558_022_01566_4 crossref_primary_10_1029_2022GL100305 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_46318_2 crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_ac8faa crossref_primary_10_3390_su15065411 crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_ace91d crossref_primary_10_1038_d41586_022_02344_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_1758_5899_13192 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2210525119 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10676_024_09793_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2024_105907 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_56540_3 crossref_primary_10_1093_nsr_nwad082 crossref_primary_10_1002_sd_2899 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2214794119 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13280_023_01978_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trd_2025_104702 crossref_primary_10_1177_00323217241310964 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_renene_2023_119859 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_frl_2024_106374 crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos14071081 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2024_139473 crossref_primary_10_1080_02660830_2024_2427435 crossref_primary_10_3390_su152014783 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43253_024_00144_y crossref_primary_10_1126_science_abl4881 crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2023_351 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_1108935 crossref_primary_10_1080_03066150_2022_2125386 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_futures_2025_103583 crossref_primary_10_1002_wat2_1759 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2403386121 crossref_primary_10_1111_josp_12592 crossref_primary_10_17645_pag_9085 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pdisas_2024_100326 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43979_023_00056_6 crossref_primary_10_1080_20430795_2024_2366200 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_39810_w crossref_primary_10_3390_cli11080173 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gloenvcha_2024_102953 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2214347119 crossref_primary_10_1002_gch2_202300206 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_crm_2024_100675 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43247_025_02119_1 crossref_primary_10_1111_zsc_12592 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41558_024_02091_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_19475705_2022_2162443 crossref_primary_10_1177_13563890231188743 crossref_primary_10_1080_01442872_2024_2421530 crossref_primary_10_2478_ie_2024_0017 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1087078 crossref_primary_10_1038_s44168_024_00203_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fclim_2023_1146402 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevResearch_6_013049 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15108043 crossref_primary_10_1002_smtd_202401224 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40258_024_00890_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_esg_2024_100216 crossref_primary_10_3389_feart_2022_1026989 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_plantsci_2023_111809 crossref_primary_10_4103_wsp_wsp_11_23 crossref_primary_10_14512_gaia_32_3_4 crossref_primary_10_1093_biosci_biae087 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oneear_2023_01_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quaint_2023_06_014 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2305427120 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1429571 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2214975119 crossref_primary_10_3389_fsoc_2023_1133333 crossref_primary_10_1017_cft_2023_23 crossref_primary_10_1111_ecog_07167 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2213953119 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4350865 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_49863_0 crossref_primary_10_1186_s41239_024_00469_y crossref_primary_10_1038_s41558_022_01545_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tibtech_2022_12_015 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1073/pnas.2103081118 10.1038/s41558-019-0592-8 10.1073/pnas.1809600115 10.1073/pnas.1612728113 10.1038/s41561-019-0310-1 10.1038/s41467-018-05668-6 10.1007/s10584-021-02957-w 10.1007/s10584-010-9993-4 10.2307/2694241 10.1073/pnas.2115218118 10.1073/pnas.2024397118 10.1038/s41586-020-2727-5 10.1007/s42001-017-0008-3 10.1088/1748-9326/aac4bd 10.1038/s41558-019-0525-6 10.1016/j.oneear.2021.03.005 10.5194/esd-12-601-2021 10.1073/pnas.2007117117 10.1073/pnas.1910114117 10.5751/ES-07681-200306 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.008 10.1073/pnas.1601611113 10.1038/s43017-020-0088-0 10.1038/nclimate2833 10.1038/nclimate2964 10.1007/s10584-014-1131-2 10.1126/science.1197754 10.1037/a0039729 10.1038/nclimate2570 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106225 10.1073/pnas.1618481114 10.1038/s41558-019-0600-z 10.1126/sciadv.aav7337 10.1080/17524032.2019.1630463 10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3 10.1038/s41558-020-0804-2 10.1098/rsta.2017.0301 10.1515/9781400865475 10.1080/09535314.2017.1301887 10.3390/ijerph15112370 10.1080/14693062.2013.835705 10.1038/s41561-021-00790-5 10.1029/2020EF001532 10.1038/s43247-021-00097-8 10.1038/nclimate1740 10.1073/pnas.1905164116 10.3390/ijerph15102266 10.1038/s41586-019-1300-6 10.1029/2019RG000678 10.1126/sciadv.1700906 10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z 10.1017/CBO9780511546013 10.1038/s41558-017-0021-9 10.1007/978-3-319-30549-3 10.1136/bmj.m3389 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.12.006 10.1080/17437199.2012.703527 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000096 10.1038/nclimate1143 10.1038/s41586-020-2035-0 10.1088/1748-9326/ac13ef 10.1093/reep/rer006 10.1007/s10584-005-9024-z 10.1073/pnas.1810141115 10.1073/pnas.1718031115 10.1038/s41558-018-0156-3 10.1126/science.1259855 10.1017/aaq.2020.68 10.1073/pnas.1713628115 10.1126/science.aat1327 10.1088/1748-9326/ac3955 10.1038/ncomms10627 10.7208/chicago/9780226602158.001.0001 10.1002/wcc.619 10.1126/science.1225244 10.5194/bg-11-3453-2014 10.1038/s41467-021-25021-8 10.3389/fclim.2021.720312 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2022 the Author(s) Copyright National Academy of Sciences Aug 23, 2022 Copyright National Academy of Sciences Nov 8, 2022 Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS 2022 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2022 the Author(s) – notice: Copyright National Academy of Sciences Aug 23, 2022 – notice: Copyright National Academy of Sciences Nov 8, 2022 – notice: Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS 2022 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QG 7QL 7QP 7QR 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TK 7TM 7TO 7U9 8FD C1K FR3 H94 M7N P64 RC3 7X8 5PM |
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2108146119 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts Chemoreception Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Immunology Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Nucleic Acids Abstracts Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Technology Research Database Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Engineering Research Database AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Virology and AIDS Abstracts Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts Technology Research Database Nucleic Acids Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Entomology Abstracts Genetics Abstracts Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Chemoreception Abstracts Immunology Abstracts Engineering Research Database Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE Virology and AIDS Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic Virology and AIDS Abstracts CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Sciences (General) |
| EISSN | 1091-6490 |
| EndPage | 9 |
| ExternalDocumentID | PMC9407216 35914185 10_1073_pnas_2108146119 27171501 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: John Templeton Foundation (JTF) grantid: TWCF0128 – fundername: National Science Foundation (NSF) grantid: IBSS-1620462 – fundername: EC | H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (ERC) grantid: ERC-743080 – fundername: National Science Foundation (NSF) grantid: SMA-1637171 – fundername: Leverhulme Trust grantid: RPG-2018-046 – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grantid: 32061143014 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -DZ -~X .55 0R~ 123 29P 2FS 2WC 4.4 53G 5RE 5VS 85S AACGO AAFWJ AANCE ABOCM ABPLY ABPPZ ABTLG ABZEH ACGOD ACIWK ACNCT ACPRK AENEX AFFNX AFOSN AFRAH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BKOMP CS3 D0L DIK DU5 E3Z EBS F5P FRP GX1 H13 HH5 HYE JENOY JLS JSG JST KQ8 L7B LU7 N9A N~3 O9- OK1 PNE PQQKQ R.V RHI RNA RNS RPM RXW SJN TAE TN5 UKR W8F WH7 WOQ WOW X7M XSW Y6R YBH YKV YSK ZCA ~02 ~KM AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QG 7QL 7QP 7QR 7SN 7SS 7T5 7TK 7TM 7TO 7U9 8FD C1K FR3 H94 M7N P64 RC3 7X8 2AX 5PM ABBHK AEUPB AEXZC DCCCD IPSME JAAYA JBMMH JHFFW JKQEH JLXEF JPM SA0 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c537t-2e18fc4655a7c563e9a9f3808a94666a6d4d463aef8b338b4b9ed4e299d0cb073 |
| ISSN | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| IngestDate | Thu Aug 21 13:18:01 EDT 2025 Thu Jul 10 18:07:00 EDT 2025 Sat Aug 23 12:39:00 EDT 2025 Sat Aug 23 12:58:45 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 06:57:41 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:03:21 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:03:15 EDT 2025 Thu May 29 08:53:39 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 34 |
| Keywords | Anthropocene Earth system trajectories catastrophic climate change tipping elements climate change |
| Language | English |
| License | This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY). |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c537t-2e18fc4655a7c563e9a9f3808a94666a6d4d463aef8b338b4b9ed4e299d0cb073 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Author contributions: L.K. designed research; L.K., C.X., J.D., K.L.E., G.G., T.A.K., J.R., M.S., H.J.S., W.S., and T.M.L. performed research; L.K., C.X., J.D., K.L.E., T.A.K., J.R., M.S., H.J.S., W.S., and T.M.L. analyzed data; and L.K., C.X., J.D., K.L.E., G.G., T.A.K., J.R., M.S., H.J.S., W.S., and T.M.L. wrote the paper. Edited by Kerry Emanuel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; received May 20, 2021; accepted March 25, 2022 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1163-6736 0000-0002-3414-6660 0000-0002-6725-7498 0000-0001-7453-4935 0000-0003-4746-8236 0000-0002-1841-9032 0000-0002-2100-0312 0000-0002-7447-4335 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9407216 |
| PMID | 35914185 |
| PQID | 2708392035 |
| PQPubID | 42026 |
| PageCount | 9 |
| ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9407216 proquest_miscellaneous_2697368150 proquest_journals_2735250654 proquest_journals_2708392035 pubmed_primary_35914185 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2108146119 crossref_citationtrail_10_1073_pnas_2108146119 jstor_primary_27171501 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2022-08-23 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-08-23 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2022 text: 2022-08-23 day: 23 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Washington |
| PublicationTitle | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher_xml | – name: National Academy of Sciences |
| References | e_1_3_4_3_2 Cline E. H. (e_1_3_4_79_2) 2021 e_1_3_4_61_2 Lynas M. (e_1_3_4_10_2) 2020 e_1_3_4_7_2 e_1_3_4_80_2 e_1_3_4_23_2 e_1_3_4_69_2 e_1_3_4_42_2 e_1_3_4_27_2 e_1_3_4_65_2 e_1_3_4_46_2 e_1_3_4_88_2 e_1_3_4_72_2 Brannen P. (e_1_3_4_38_2) 2017 e_1_3_4_30_2 e_1_3_4_11_2 e_1_3_4_34_2 e_1_3_4_57_2 e_1_3_4_15_2 e_1_3_4_76_2 e_1_3_4_99_2 e_1_3_4_19_2 Wallace-Wells D. (e_1_3_4_53_2) 2019 e_1_3_4_2_2 e_1_3_4_62_2 e_1_3_4_85_2 e_1_3_4_81_2 e_1_3_4_20_2 e_1_3_4_43_2 e_1_3_4_24_2 e_1_3_4_47_2 e_1_3_4_66_2 e_1_3_4_89_2 e_1_3_4_28_2 e_1_3_4_73_2 e_1_3_4_96_2 e_1_3_4_50_2 e_1_3_4_12_2 e_1_3_4_58_2 e_1_3_4_54_2 e_1_3_4_31_2 e_1_3_4_16_2 e_1_3_4_77_2 Knight F. H. (e_1_3_4_29_2) 1921 e_1_3_4_39_2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (e_1_3_4_94_2) 2021 e_1_3_4_82_2 e_1_3_4_9_2 e_1_3_4_63_2 e_1_3_4_40_2 e_1_3_4_5_2 Masson-Delmotte V. (e_1_3_4_14_2) 2021 e_1_3_4_44_2 e_1_3_4_21_2 e_1_3_4_48_2 e_1_3_4_86_2 Hulme M. (e_1_3_4_95_2) 2019; 11 e_1_3_4_25_2 e_1_3_4_67_2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (e_1_3_4_1_2) 2014 Dasgupta P. (e_1_3_4_92_2) 2021 Field C. (e_1_3_4_35_2) 2021 e_1_3_4_93_2 e_1_3_4_74_2 e_1_3_4_70_2 e_1_3_4_55_2 e_1_3_4_32_2 e_1_3_4_59_2 e_1_3_4_97_2 e_1_3_4_13_2 e_1_3_4_36_2 e_1_3_4_78_2 e_1_3_4_17_2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (e_1_3_4_6_2) 2022 e_1_3_4_60_2 e_1_3_4_83_2 e_1_3_4_8_2 e_1_3_4_41_2 e_1_3_4_4_2 e_1_3_4_22_2 e_1_3_4_45_2 e_1_3_4_68_2 Ord T. (e_1_3_4_51_2) 2020 e_1_3_4_26_2 e_1_3_4_49_2 e_1_3_4_64_2 Kemp L. (e_1_3_4_84_2) 2021 e_1_3_4_87_2 e_1_3_4_71_2 e_1_3_4_52_2 e_1_3_4_90_2 e_1_3_4_33_2 e_1_3_4_75_2 Landemore H. (e_1_3_4_91_2) 2020 e_1_3_4_98_2 e_1_3_4_37_2 e_1_3_4_56_2 e_1_3_4_18_2 36215481 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 18;119(42):e2214884119 36322727 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Nov 8;119(45):e2214975119 36322745 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Nov 8;119(45):e2216034119 36445959 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Dec 6;119(49):e2216155119 36215483 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 18;119(42):e2214347119 36215499 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 18;119(42):e2214794119 |
| References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_4_12_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_58_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2103081118 – volume-title: Reflecting Sunlight: Recommendations for Solar Geoengineering Research and Research Governance year: 2021 ident: e_1_3_4_35_2 – volume-title: The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_4_51_2 – volume-title: 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed: Revised and Updated year: 2021 ident: e_1_3_4_79_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_15_2 doi: 10.1038/s41558-019-0592-8 – ident: e_1_3_4_41_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1809600115 – ident: e_1_3_4_82_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1612728113 – ident: e_1_3_4_23_2 doi: 10.1038/s41561-019-0310-1 – ident: e_1_3_4_16_2 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05668-6 – ident: e_1_3_4_88_2 doi: 10.1007/s10584-021-02957-w – ident: e_1_3_4_72_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_31_2 doi: 10.1007/s10584-010-9993-4 – ident: e_1_3_4_42_2 doi: 10.2307/2694241 – ident: e_1_3_4_66_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2115218118 – volume-title: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change year: 2022 ident: e_1_3_4_6_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_81_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2024397118 – ident: e_1_3_4_65_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2727-5 – ident: e_1_3_4_89_2 doi: 10.1007/s42001-017-0008-3 – ident: e_1_3_4_54_2 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aac4bd – ident: e_1_3_4_4_2 doi: 10.1038/s41558-019-0525-6 – volume-title: Global Warming of 1.5 °C year: 2021 ident: e_1_3_4_94_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_3_2 doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2021.03.005 – volume-title: Our Final Warning: Six Degrees of Climate Emergency year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_4_10_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_67_2 doi: 10.5194/esd-12-601-2021 – ident: e_1_3_4_25_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2007117117 – ident: e_1_3_4_43_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910114117 – ident: e_1_3_4_44_2 doi: 10.5751/ES-07681-200306 – ident: e_1_3_4_45_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_7_2 doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.008 – ident: e_1_3_4_75_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1601611113 – ident: e_1_3_4_57_2 doi: 10.1038/s43017-020-0088-0 – ident: e_1_3_4_47_2 doi: 10.1038/nclimate2833 – ident: e_1_3_4_60_2 doi: 10.1038/nclimate2964 – ident: e_1_3_4_62_2 doi: 10.1007/s10584-014-1131-2 – ident: e_1_3_4_78_2 doi: 10.1126/science.1197754 – ident: e_1_3_4_97_2 doi: 10.1037/a0039729 – ident: e_1_3_4_59_2 doi: 10.1038/nclimate2570 – ident: e_1_3_4_76_2 doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106225 – ident: e_1_3_4_50_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1618481114 – volume-title: The Uninhabitable Earth year: 2019 ident: e_1_3_4_53_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_55_2 doi: 10.1038/s41558-019-0600-z – ident: e_1_3_4_13_2 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7337 – ident: e_1_3_4_99_2 doi: 10.1080/17524032.2019.1630463 – ident: e_1_3_4_26_2 doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3 – ident: e_1_3_4_5_2 doi: 10.1038/s41558-020-0804-2 – ident: e_1_3_4_73_2 doi: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0301 – volume-title: Risk, Uncertainty and Profit year: 1921 ident: e_1_3_4_29_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_9_2 doi: 10.1515/9781400865475 – ident: e_1_3_4_61_2 doi: 10.1080/09535314.2017.1301887 – ident: e_1_3_4_71_2 doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112370 – ident: e_1_3_4_34_2 doi: 10.1080/14693062.2013.835705 – volume-title: Emerging Technologies and Dual-Use Concerns: A Horizon Scan for Global Public Health year: 2021 ident: e_1_3_4_84_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_19_2 doi: 10.1038/s41561-021-00790-5 – volume-title: The Ends of the World: Volcanic Apocalypses, Lethal Oceans, and Our Quest to Understand Earth’s Past Mass Extinctions year: 2017 ident: e_1_3_4_38_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_87_2 doi: 10.1029/2020EF001532 – ident: e_1_3_4_11_2 doi: 10.1038/s43247-021-00097-8 – ident: e_1_3_4_28_2 doi: 10.1038/nclimate1740 – ident: e_1_3_4_63_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1905164116 – ident: e_1_3_4_69_2 doi: 10.3390/ijerph15102266 – ident: e_1_3_4_74_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1300-6 – ident: e_1_3_4_24_2 doi: 10.1029/2019RG000678 – volume-title: The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review year: 2021 ident: e_1_3_4_92_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_52_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_40_2 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700906 – ident: e_1_3_4_48_2 doi: 10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z – ident: e_1_3_4_93_2 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511546013 – volume-title: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change year: 2021 ident: e_1_3_4_14_2 – volume-title: Open Democracy: Reinventing Popular Rule for the Twenty-First Century year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_4_91_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_98_2 doi: 10.1038/s41558-017-0021-9 – ident: e_1_3_4_90_2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-30549-3 – ident: e_1_3_4_77_2 doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3389 – ident: e_1_3_4_30_2 doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.12.006 – ident: e_1_3_4_96_2 doi: 10.1080/17437199.2012.703527 – ident: e_1_3_4_68_2 doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000096 – ident: e_1_3_4_33_2 doi: 10.1038/nclimate1143 – volume-title: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change year: 2014 ident: e_1_3_4_1_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_18_2 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2035-0 – ident: e_1_3_4_2_2 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac13ef – ident: e_1_3_4_32_2 doi: 10.1093/reep/rer006 – ident: e_1_3_4_80_2 doi: 10.1007/s10584-005-9024-z – ident: e_1_3_4_21_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1810141115 – ident: e_1_3_4_56_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718031115 – ident: e_1_3_4_70_2 doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0156-3 – ident: e_1_3_4_85_2 doi: 10.1126/science.1259855 – ident: e_1_3_4_37_2 doi: 10.1017/aaq.2020.68 – ident: e_1_3_4_27_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1713628115 – ident: e_1_3_4_64_2 doi: 10.1126/science.aat1327 – ident: e_1_3_4_20_2 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac3955 – ident: e_1_3_4_22_2 doi: 10.1038/ncomms10627 – ident: e_1_3_4_8_2 doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226602158.001.0001 – volume: 11 start-page: e619 year: 2019 ident: e_1_3_4_95_2 article-title: Is it too late (to stop dangerous climate change)? An editorial publication-title: WIRES Clim. Chang. doi: 10.1002/wcc.619 – ident: e_1_3_4_83_2 doi: 10.1126/science.1225244 – ident: e_1_3_4_17_2 doi: 10.5194/bg-11-3453-2014 – ident: e_1_3_4_49_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_39_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1905164116 – ident: e_1_3_4_46_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_86_2 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25021-8 – ident: e_1_3_4_36_2 doi: 10.3389/fclim.2021.720312 – reference: 36322727 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Nov 8;119(45):e2214975119 – reference: 36215481 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 18;119(42):e2214884119 – reference: 36215499 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 18;119(42):e2214794119 – reference: 36215483 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 18;119(42):e2214347119 – reference: 36445959 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Dec 6;119(49):e2216155119 – reference: 36322745 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Nov 8;119(45):e2216034119 |
| SSID | ssj0009580 |
| Score | 2.7311058 |
| Snippet | Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref jstor |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 1 |
| SubjectTerms | Anthropogenic factors Climate Change Disaster Planning Emergency preparedness Emergency response Forecasting Humans Mass extinctions Morbidity PERSPECTIVES Physical Sciences Political factors Risk Management Social Sciences Species extinction |
| Subtitle | Exploring catastrophic climate change scenarios |
| Title | Climate Endgame |
| URI | https://www.jstor.org/stable/27171501 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35914185 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2708392035 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2735250654 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2697368150 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9407216 |
| Volume | 119 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Rb5swELa27mUv07qtG1s3MWkPnSIywAbDnlZV6aoty_qQSLwhY0yL1pKokJf--p6xMSFLpW4vKDIHRL7Px93h-w6hT5wUBRYurG8wwA4JBXMywIXDYlcUAeYRK2Rq4NcsPFuQH0mQbFWXNNmY3-6sK_kfrcIY6FVWyf6DZs1NYQB-g37hCBqG44N0fHJVgsMpRpMqv2DXbZV5v6dOJmbq5ma5uiy5LIBsJVWd70hSOEGQvKw3fdNz8y6ru50Dsy5VeNwXnmhrUI-c0fmsb2P8U1y3re6m6z8GK8lafdEvjbssVm0CT-XtWVWZl8IkK3ubI3QthM5GQCDrRo4qGNYGFPwPJySqBehY7BjrrK62lApeOqGpjKiAMFRmJrXIX0YerJLsTFyxejyUHNJpz36np4vpNJ1Pkvlj9MSHOEK2uPieeBuszJGiq9B_sON-ovjL1u0HbovauborJtneWrvhq8yfo2c6yLCPFWL20SNRvUD7neLsI801_vkl-qYhZGsIfbUNgOxNANkaQLYCkG0A9AotTifzkzNHN9VweIBp4_jCiwouWfMY5UGIRcziAkduxGSngZCFOclJiJkoogzjKCNZLHIiwGvJXZ7BzBygvWpZiTfI5j5zgxz7lPGY5LSQbGQuJkGeS4YhFlto3M1ZyjXjvGx8cpW2Ox8oTuUkp_0kW-jIXLBSZCv3ix60SjByPvUoBDeehQ47raR6qcJ11JWBgIuDe05LUmBZZm2hj-Y02Fn58YxVYrkGmTCmOIzgERZ6rXRsno2D2JMkUBaiA-0bAcnhPjxTlZctl3vcEhSGbx_w3Hfoab_iDtFec7MW78EjbrIPLarvANo4tLg |
| linkProvider | Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Climate+Endgame%3A+Exploring+catastrophic+climate+change+scenarios&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+-+PNAS&rft.au=Kemp%2C+Luke&rft.au=Xu%2C+Chi&rft.au=Depledge%2C+Joanna&rft.au=Ebi%2C+Kristie+L&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft.issn=1091-6490&rft.eissn=1091-6490&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=e2108146119&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.2108146119&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0027-8424&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0027-8424&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0027-8424&client=summon |