The neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID‐19 patients
Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2 (previously known as 2019‐nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. T...
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| Published in | Journal of medical virology Vol. 92; no. 6; pp. 552 - 555 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.06.2020
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2 (previously known as 2019‐nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS‐CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID‐19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID‐19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS‐CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse‐connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS‐CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID‐19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure.
Research Highlights
SARS‐CoV2 causes epidemic pneumonia characterized by acute respiratory distress.
This novel coronavirus is similar to SARS‐CoV in sequence, pathogenesis, and cellular entry.
Some coronaviruses can invade brainstem via a synapse‐connected route from the lung and airways.
The potential invasion of SARS‐CoV2 may be one reason for the acute respiratory failure.
Awareness of this will have guiding significance for the prevention and treatment. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2 (previously known as 2019‐nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS‐CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID‐19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID‐19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS‐CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse‐connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS‐CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID‐19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure.
SARS‐CoV2 causes epidemic pneumonia characterized by acute respiratory distress.
This novel coronavirus is similar to SARS‐CoV in sequence, pathogenesis, and cellular entry.
Some coronaviruses can invade brainstem via a synapse‐connected route from the lung and airways.
The potential invasion of SARS‐CoV2 may be one reason for the acute respiratory failure.
Awareness of this will have guiding significance for the prevention and treatment. Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2 (previously known as 2019‐nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS‐CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID‐19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID‐19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS‐CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse‐connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS‐CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID‐19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure. Research Highlights SARS‐CoV2 causes epidemic pneumonia characterized by acute respiratory distress. This novel coronavirus is similar to SARS‐CoV in sequence, pathogenesis, and cellular entry. Some coronaviruses can invade brainstem via a synapse‐connected route from the lung and airways. The potential invasion of SARS‐CoV2 may be one reason for the acute respiratory failure. Awareness of this will have guiding significance for the prevention and treatment. Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as 2019-nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS-CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID-19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID-19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS-CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse-connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS-CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID-19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory failure.Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as 2019-nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS-CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID-19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID-19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS-CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse-connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS-CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID-19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory failure. Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as 2019-nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS-CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID-19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID-19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS-CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse-connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS-CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID-19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory failure. |
| Author | Li, Yan‐Chao Bai, Wan‐Zhu Hashikawa, Tsutomu |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Neural Architecture, Advanced Technology Development Group RIKEN Brain Science Institute Saitama Japan 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune College of Medicine Jilin University Changchun Jilin China 2 Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Science Beijing China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune College of Medicine Jilin University Changchun Jilin China – name: 2 Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Science Beijing China – name: 3 Neural Architecture, Advanced Technology Development Group RIKEN Brain Science Institute Saitama Japan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yan‐Chao orcidid: 0000-0002-2884-9829 surname: Li fullname: Li, Yan‐Chao email: liyanchao@jlu.edu.cn organization: Jilin University – sequence: 2 givenname: Wan‐Zhu surname: Bai fullname: Bai, Wan‐Zhu organization: China Academy of Chinese Medical Science – sequence: 3 givenname: Tsutomu surname: Hashikawa fullname: Hashikawa, Tsutomu organization: RIKEN Brain Science Institute |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32104915$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| License | 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency. |
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| References | 2012; 163 2004; 41 2017; 8 2004; 203 1980; 41 2019; 11 1991; 33 2000; 87 2002; 532 2005; 41 2016; 96 2013; 521 1980; 193 2007; 79 2017; 215 1993; 342 2016; 4 2004; 74 1976; 52 2020; 395 2020 2005; 202 2004; 173 2000; 74 2018; 114 2018; 92 2007; 81 1999; 76 2016; 213 2009; 4 2003; 82 2003; 148 1972; 33 2003; 200 2008; 82 Mengeling WL (e_1_2_4_19_1) 1972; 33 e_1_2_4_40_1 e_1_2_4_41_1 e_1_2_4_21_1 e_1_2_4_23_1 e_1_2_4_42_1 e_1_2_4_22_1 e_1_2_4_43_1 e_1_2_4_25_1 e_1_2_4_24_1 e_1_2_4_27_1 e_1_2_4_26_1 e_1_2_4_29_1 e_1_2_4_28_1 e_1_2_4_3_1 e_1_2_4_2_1 e_1_2_4_5_1 e_1_2_4_4_1 Andries K (e_1_2_4_20_1) 1980; 41 e_1_2_4_7_1 e_1_2_4_6_1 e_1_2_4_9_1 e_1_2_4_8_1 Mao L (e_1_2_4_44_1) e_1_2_4_30_1 e_1_2_4_32_1 e_1_2_4_10_1 e_1_2_4_31_1 e_1_2_4_11_1 e_1_2_4_34_1 e_1_2_4_12_1 e_1_2_4_33_1 e_1_2_4_13_1 e_1_2_4_36_1 e_1_2_4_14_1 e_1_2_4_35_1 e_1_2_4_15_1 e_1_2_4_16_1 e_1_2_4_38_1 e_1_2_4_37_1 e_1_2_4_18_1 e_1_2_4_17_1 e_1_2_4_39_1 36727386 - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023 Feb;71(2):669-670 32246784 - J Med Virol. 2020 Oct;92(10):1743-1744 33368357 - J Med Virol. 2021 Apr;93(4):1915-1916 32418237 - J Med Virol. 2020 Oct;92(10):1705-1706 32243596 - J Med Virol. 2020 Oct;92(10):1739-1740 32352575 - J Med Virol. 2020 Jul;92(7):703-704 32369434 - Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Jul;163(1):182-183 32366161 - Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Jul;163(1):182 32436995 - J Med Virol. 2020 Nov;92(11):2341-2342 32797630 - J Med Virol. 2021 Feb;93(2):658-660 |
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| SubjectTerms | Betacoronavirus - pathogenicity Betacoronavirus - physiology Brain stem cell susceptibility Central nervous system Central Nervous System - physiopathology Central Nervous System - virology Chemoreceptors China - epidemiology Coronaviridae coronavirus Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - physiopathology Coronavirus Infections - transmission Coronavirus Infections - virology Coronaviruses COVID-19 dissemination Epidemics Headache Headache - diagnosis Headache - physiopathology Headache - virology Health services Homology Humans Invasiveness Lung - physiopathology Lung - virology Lungs Mechanoreceptors Mechanotransduction, Cellular Middle East respiratory syndrome Nausea Nausea - diagnosis Nausea - physiopathology Nausea - virology nervous system Neurological diseases Pandemics Pathogenesis Patients Pneumonia Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - physiopathology Pneumonia, Viral - transmission Pneumonia, Viral - virology Prevention Respiratory diseases Respiratory failure Respiratory Insufficiency - diagnosis Respiratory Insufficiency - physiopathology Respiratory Insufficiency - virology Respiratory therapy Respiratory tract Review Reviews SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - epidemiology Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - physiopathology Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - transmission Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - virology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus - pathogenicity Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus - physiology Signs and symptoms Synapses Viral diseases Virology Viruses Vomiting Vomiting - diagnosis Vomiting - physiopathology Vomiting - virology |
| Title | The neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID‐19 patients |
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