Recycle, Recover and Repurpose Strategy of Spent Li‐ion Batteries and Catalysts: Current Status and Future Opportunities

The disposal of hazardous waste of any form has become a great concern for the industrial sector due to increased environmental awareness. The increase in usage of hydroprocessing catalysts by petrochemical industries and lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in portable electronics and electric vehicles wil...

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Published inChemSusChem Vol. 13; no. 12; pp. 3079 - 3100
Main Authors Garole, Dipak J., Hossain, Rumana, Garole, Vaman J., Sahajwalla, Veena, Nerkar, Jawahar, Dubal, Deepak P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 19.06.2020
Subjects
batteries
Carcinogens
Catalysts
Electric vehicles
Environmental impact
Hazardous wastes
Heavy metals
Hydrometallurgy
Lithium-ion batteries
Manganese
Materials recovery
metal recovery
Metal scrap
Metals
Molybdenum
Municipal landfills
Municipal waste management
Nickel
Palladium
Platinum
Pyrometallurgy
Recycled materials
Solid waste management
spent catalysts
Waste disposal
Metals recovery, Heavy metals, Spent catalysts and Li-ion batteries, Hydrometallurgy
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Abstract The disposal of hazardous waste of any form has become a great concern for the industrial sector due to increased environmental awareness. The increase in usage of hydroprocessing catalysts by petrochemical industries and lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in portable electronics and electric vehicles will soon generate a large amount of scrap and create significant environmental problems. Like general electronic wastes, spent catalysts and LIBs are currently discarded in municipal solid waste and disposed of in landfills in the absence of policy and feasible technology to drive alternatives. Such inactive catalyst materials and spent LIBs not only contain not only hazardous heavy metals but also toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. Besides polluting the environment, these systems (spent catalysts and LIBs) contain valuable metals such as Ni, Mo, Co, Li, Mn, Rh, Pt, and Pd. Therefore, the extraction and recovery of these valuable metals has significant importance. In this Review, we have summarized the strategies used to recover valuable (expensive) as well as cheap metals from secondary resources—especially spent catalysts and LIBs. The first section contains the background and sources of LIBs and catalyst scraps with their current recycling status, followed by a brief explanation of metal recovery methods such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biometallurgy. The recent advances achieved in these methods are critically summarized. Thus, the Review provides a guide for the selection of adequate methods for metal recovery and future opportunities for the repurposing of recovered materials. A new life: This Review provides a 3‐R strategy, that is, recycle, recover, and repurpose, for spent Li‐ion batteries and catalysts. A comprehensive summary of metal recovery methods discussed in this Review will guide the selection of adequate methods for efficient metal recovery on an industrial scale.
AbstractList Abstract The disposal of hazardous waste of any form has become a great concern for the industrial sector due to increased environmental awareness. The increase in usage of hydroprocessing catalysts by petrochemical industries and lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in portable electronics and electric vehicles will soon generate a large amount of scrap and create significant environmental problems. Like general electronic wastes, spent catalysts and LIBs are currently discarded in municipal solid waste and disposed of in landfills in the absence of policy and feasible technology to drive alternatives. Such inactive catalyst materials and spent LIBs not only contain not only hazardous heavy metals but also toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. Besides polluting the environment, these systems (spent catalysts and LIBs) contain valuable metals such as Ni, Mo, Co, Li, Mn, Rh, Pt, and Pd. Therefore, the extraction and recovery of these valuable metals has significant importance. In this Review, we have summarized the strategies used to recover valuable (expensive) as well as cheap metals from secondary resources—especially spent catalysts and LIBs. The first section contains the background and sources of LIBs and catalyst scraps with their current recycling status, followed by a brief explanation of metal recovery methods such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biometallurgy. The recent advances achieved in these methods are critically summarized. Thus, the Review provides a guide for the selection of adequate methods for metal recovery and future opportunities for the repurposing of recovered materials.
The disposal of hazardous waste of any form has become a great concern for the industrial sector due to increased environmental awareness. The increase in usage of hydroprocessing catalysts by petrochemical industries and lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in portable electronics and electric vehicles will soon generate a large amount of scrap and create significant environmental problems. Like general electronic wastes, spent catalysts and LIBs are currently discarded in municipal solid waste and disposed of in landfills in the absence of policy and feasible technology to drive alternatives. Such inactive catalyst materials and spent LIBs not only contain not only hazardous heavy metals but also toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. Besides polluting the environment, these systems (spent catalysts and LIBs) contain valuable metals such as Ni, Mo, Co, Li, Mn, Rh, Pt, and Pd. Therefore, the extraction and recovery of these valuable metals has significant importance. In this Review, we have summarized the strategies used to recover valuable (expensive) as well as cheap metals from secondary resources—especially spent catalysts and LIBs. The first section contains the background and sources of LIBs and catalyst scraps with their current recycling status, followed by a brief explanation of metal recovery methods such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biometallurgy. The recent advances achieved in these methods are critically summarized. Thus, the Review provides a guide for the selection of adequate methods for metal recovery and future opportunities for the repurposing of recovered materials.
The disposal of hazardous waste of any form has become a great concern for the industrial sector due to increased environmental awareness. The increase in usage of hydroprocessing catalysts by petrochemical industries and lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in portable electronics and electric vehicles will soon generate a large amount of scrap and create significant environmental problems. Like general electronic wastes, spent catalysts and LIBs are currently discarded in municipal solid waste and disposed of in landfills in the absence of policy and feasible technology to drive alternatives. Such inactive catalyst materials and spent LIBs not only contain not only hazardous heavy metals but also toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. Besides polluting the environment, these systems (spent catalysts and LIBs) contain valuable metals such as Ni, Mo, Co, Li, Mn, Rh, Pt, and Pd. Therefore, the extraction and recovery of these valuable metals has significant importance. In this Review, we have summarized the strategies used to recover valuable (expensive) as well as cheap metals from secondary resources—especially spent catalysts and LIBs. The first section contains the background and sources of LIBs and catalyst scraps with their current recycling status, followed by a brief explanation of metal recovery methods such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biometallurgy. The recent advances achieved in these methods are critically summarized. Thus, the Review provides a guide for the selection of adequate methods for metal recovery and future opportunities for the repurposing of recovered materials. A new life: This Review provides a 3‐R strategy, that is, recycle, recover, and repurpose, for spent Li‐ion batteries and catalysts. A comprehensive summary of metal recovery methods discussed in this Review will guide the selection of adequate methods for efficient metal recovery on an industrial scale.
The disposal of hazardous waste of any form has become a great concern for the industrial sector due to improved environmental awareness. The increase in usage of hydroprocessing catalysts by petrochemical industries, and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in portable electronics and electric vehicles will soon generate a large amount of scrap and create significant environmental problems. Like general electronic wastes, spent catalysts and LIBs are currently discarded in municipal solid waste and disposed of in landfills in the absence of policy and feasible technology to drive alternatives enough policy and feasible technology. Such inactive catalyst materials and spent LIBs exhibit not only hazardous heavy metals but also toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. Besides polluting the environment, these systems (spent catalysts and LIBs) contain valuable metals such as Ni, Mo, Co, Li, Mn, Rh, Pt, and Pd. Therefore, the extraction and recovery of these valuable metals has significant importance. In this review, we have summarized the strategies used to recover valuable (expensive) as well as cheap metals from secondary resources - especially spent catalysts and LIBs. The first section contains the background and sources of LIBs and catalyst scraps with their current recycling status, followed by a brief explanation of metal recovery methods such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and biometallurgy. The recent advancements in these methods are critically summarised. Thus, the review provides a guide for the selection of adequate methods for metal recovery and future opportunities for the repurposing of recovered materials.
Author Garole, Dipak J.
Hossain, Rumana
Garole, Vaman J.
Dubal, Deepak P.
Nerkar, Jawahar
Sahajwalla, Veena
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  fullname: Garole, Vaman J.
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  organization: Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
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Issue 12
Keywords Metals recovery, Heavy metals, Spent catalysts and Li-ion batteries, Hydrometallurgy
Language English
License 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Snippet The disposal of hazardous waste of any form has become a great concern for the industrial sector due to increased environmental awareness. The increase in...
The disposal of hazardous waste of any form has become a great concern for the industrial sector due to improved environmental awareness. The increase in usage...
Abstract The disposal of hazardous waste of any form has become a great concern for the industrial sector due to increased environmental awareness. The...
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SubjectTerms batteries
Carcinogens
Catalysts
Electric vehicles
Environmental impact
Hazardous wastes
Heavy metals
Hydrometallurgy
Lithium-ion batteries
Manganese
Materials recovery
metal recovery
Metal scrap
Metals
Molybdenum
Municipal landfills
Municipal waste management
Nickel
Palladium
Platinum
Pyrometallurgy
Recycled materials
Solid waste management
spent catalysts
Waste disposal
Title Recycle, Recover and Repurpose Strategy of Spent Li‐ion Batteries and Catalysts: Current Status and Future Opportunities
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fcssc.201903213
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302053
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2413876593/abstract/
Volume 13
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