Altered versican cleavage in ADAMTS5 deficient mice; A novel etiology of myxomatous valve disease

In fetal valve maturation the mechanisms by which the relatively homogeneous proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of endocardial cushions is replaced by a specialized and stratified ECM found in mature valves are not understood. Therefore, we reasoned that uncovering proteases critical for ‘...

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Published inDevelopmental biology Vol. 357; no. 1; pp. 152 - 164
Main Authors Dupuis, Loren E., McCulloch, Daniel R., McGarity, Jessica D., Bahan, Alexandria, Wessels, Andy, Weber, Deidra, Diminich, A. Megan, Nelson, Courtney M., Apte, Suneel S., Kern, Christine B.
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LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.09.2011
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Abstract In fetal valve maturation the mechanisms by which the relatively homogeneous proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of endocardial cushions is replaced by a specialized and stratified ECM found in mature valves are not understood. Therefore, we reasoned that uncovering proteases critical for ‘remodeling’ the proteoglycan rich (extracellular matrix) ECM may elucidate novel mechanisms of valve development. We have determined that mice deficient in ADAMTS5, (A Disintegrin-like And Metalloprotease domain with ThromboSpondin-type 1 motifs) which we demonstrated is expressed predominantly by valvular endocardium during cardiac valve maturation, exhibited enlarged valves. ADAMTS5 deficient valves displayed a reduction in cleavage of its substrate versican, a critical cardiac proteoglycan. In vivo reduction of versican, in Adamts5−/− mice, achieved through Vcan heterozygosity, substantially rescued the valve anomalies. An increase in BMP2 immunolocalization, Sox9 expression and mesenchymal cell proliferation were observed in Adamts5−/− valve mesenchyme and correlated with expansion of the spongiosa (proteoglycan-rich) region in Adamts5−/− valve cusps. Furthermore, these data suggest that ECM remodeling via ADAMTS5 is required for endocardial to mesenchymal signaling in late fetal valve development. Although adult Adamts5−/− mice are viable they do not recover from developmental valve anomalies and have myxomatous cardiac valves with 100% penetrance. Since the accumulation of proteoglycans is a hallmark of myxomatous valve disease, based on these data we hypothesize that a lack of versican cleavage during fetal valve development may be a potential etiology of adult myxomatous valve disease. ► ADAMTS5 deficient mice develop enlarged cardiac valves by late fetal stages. ► Valve mesenchyme in Adamts5-/- mice display increased proliferation and intercellular space. ► In vivo reduction of the ADAMTS5 substrate versican rescues the valve phenotype in Adamts5-/- mice. ► Endothelial expression of ADAMTS5 is required for differentiation of cardiac valve mesenchyme. ► BMP2 and Sox9 expression is not down-regulated in Adamts5-/- cardiac valve cusps.
AbstractList In fetal valve maturation the mechanisms by which the relatively homogeneous proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of endocardial cushions is replaced by a specialized and stratified ECM found in mature valves are not understood. Therefore, we reasoned that uncovering proteases critical for ‘remodeling’ the proteoglycan rich (extracellular matrix) ECM may elucidate novel mechanisms of valve development. We have determined that mice deficient in ADAMTS5, (A Disintegrin-like And Metalloprotease domain with ThromboSpondin-type 1 motifs) which we demonstrated is expressed predominantly by valvular endocardium during cardiac valve maturation, exhibited enlarged valves. ADAMTS5 deficient valves displayed a reduction in cleavage of its substrate versican, a critical cardiac proteoglycan. In vivo reduction of versican, in Adamts5−/− mice, achieved through Vcan heterozygosity, substantially rescued the valve anomalies. An increase in BMP2 immunolocalization, Sox9 expression and mesenchymal cell proliferation were observed in Adamts5−/− valve mesenchyme and correlated with expansion of the spongiosa (proteoglycan-rich) region in Adamts5−/− valve cusps. Furthermore, these data suggest that ECM remodeling via ADAMTS5 is required for endocardial to mesenchymal signaling in late fetal valve development. Although adult Adamts5−/− mice are viable they do not recover from developmental valve anomalies and have myxomatous cardiac valves with 100% penetrance. Since the accumulation of proteoglycans is a hallmark of myxomatous valve disease, based on these data we hypothesize that a lack of versican cleavage during fetal valve development may be a potential etiology of adult myxomatous valve disease. ► ADAMTS5 deficient mice develop enlarged cardiac valves by late fetal stages. ► Valve mesenchyme in Adamts5-/- mice display increased proliferation and intercellular space. ► In vivo reduction of the ADAMTS5 substrate versican rescues the valve phenotype in Adamts5-/- mice. ► Endothelial expression of ADAMTS5 is required for differentiation of cardiac valve mesenchyme. ► BMP2 and Sox9 expression is not down-regulated in Adamts5-/- cardiac valve cusps.
In fetal valve maturation the mechanisms by which the relatively homogeneous proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of endocardial cushions is replaced by a specialized and stratified ECM found in mature valves are not understood. Therefore, we reasoned that uncovering proteases critical for ‘remodeling’ the proteoglycan rich (extracellular matrix) ECM may elucidate novel mechanisms of valve development. We have determined that mice deficient in ADAMTS5, (A Disintegrin-like And Metalloprotease domain with ThromboSpondin-type 1 motifs) which we demonstrated is expressed predominantly by valvular endocardium during cardiac valve maturation, exhibited enlarged valves. ADAMTS5 deficient valves displayed a reduction in cleavage of its substrate versican, a critical cardiac proteoglycan. In vivo reduction of versican, in Adamts5⁻/⁻ mice, achieved through Vcan heterozygosity, substantially rescued the valve anomalies. An increase in BMP2 immunolocalization, Sox9 expression and mesenchymal cell proliferation were observed in Adamts5⁻/⁻ valve mesenchyme and correlated with expansion of the spongiosa (proteoglycan-rich) region in Adamts5⁻/⁻ valve cusps. Furthermore, these data suggest that ECM remodeling via ADAMTS5 is required for endocardial to mesenchymal signaling in late fetal valve development. Although adult Adamts5⁻/⁻ mice are viable they do not recover from developmental valve anomalies and have myxomatous cardiac valves with 100% penetrance. Since the accumulation of proteoglycans is a hallmark of myxomatous valve disease, based on these data we hypothesize that a lack of versican cleavage during fetal valve development may be a potential etiology of adult myxomatous valve disease.
In fetal valve maturation the mechanisms by which the relatively homogeneous proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of endocardial cushions is replaced by a specialized and stratified ECM found in mature valves are not understood. Therefore, we reasoned that uncovering proteases critical for ‘remodeling’ the proteoglycan rich (extracellular matrix) ECM may elucidate novel mechanisms of valve development. We have determined that mice deficient in ADAMTS5, ( A D isintegrin-like A nd M etalloprotease domain with T hrombo S pondin-type 1 motifs) which we demonstrated is expressed predominantly by valvular endocardium during cardiac valve maturation, exhibited enlarged valves. ADAMTS5 deficient valves contained a reduction in cleavage of its substrate versican, a critical cardiac proteoglycan. In vivo reduction of versican, in Adamts5 −/− mice, achieved through Vcan heterozygosity, substantially rescued the valve anomalies. An increase in BMP2 immunolocalization, Sox9 expression and mesenchymal cell proliferation were observed in Adamts5 −/− valve mesenchyme and correlated with expansion of the spongiosa (proteoglycan-rich) region in Adamts5 −/− valve cusps. Furthermore, these data suggest that ECM remodeling via ADAMTS5 is required for endocardium to mesenchymal signaling in late fetal valve development. Although adult Adamts5 −/− mice are viable they do not recover from developmental valve anomalies and have myxomatous cardiac valves with 100% penetrance. Since the accumulation of proteoglycans is a hallmark of myxomatous valve disease, based on these data we hypothesize that a lack of versican cleavage during fetal valve development may be a potential etiology of adult myxomatous valve disease.
In fetal valve maturation the mechanisms by which the relatively homogeneous proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of endocardial cushions is replaced by a specialized and stratified ECM found in mature valves are not understood. Therefore, we reasoned that uncovering proteases critical for 'remodeling' the proteoglycan rich (extracellular matrix) ECM may elucidate novel mechanisms of valve development. We have determined that mice deficient in ADAMTS5, (A Disintegrin-like And Metalloprotease domain with ThromboSpondin-type 1 motifs) which we demonstrated is expressed predominantly by valvular endocardium during cardiac valve maturation, exhibited enlarged valves. ADAMTS5 deficient valves displayed a reduction in cleavage of its substrate versican, a critical cardiac proteoglycan. In vivo reduction of versican, in Adamts5(-/-) mice, achieved through Vcan heterozygosity, substantially rescued the valve anomalies. An increase in BMP2 immunolocalization, Sox9 expression and mesenchymal cell proliferation were observed in Adamts5(-/-) valve mesenchyme and correlated with expansion of the spongiosa (proteoglycan-rich) region in Adamts5(-/-) valve cusps. Furthermore, these data suggest that ECM remodeling via ADAMTS5 is required for endocardial to mesenchymal signaling in late fetal valve development. Although adult Adamts5(-/-) mice are viable they do not recover from developmental valve anomalies and have myxomatous cardiac valves with 100% penetrance. Since the accumulation of proteoglycans is a hallmark of myxomatous valve disease, based on these data we hypothesize that a lack of versican cleavage during fetal valve development may be a potential etiology of adult myxomatous valve disease.
In fetal valve maturation the mechanisms by which the relatively homogeneous proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of endocardial cushions is replaced by a specialized and stratified ECM found in mature valves are not understood. Therefore, we reasoned that uncovering proteases critical for 'remodeling' the proteoglycan rich (extracellular matrix) ECM may elucidate novel mechanisms of valve development. We have determined that mice deficient in ADAMTS5, (A Disintegrin-like And Metalloprotease domain with ThromboSpondin-type 1 motifs) which we demonstrated is expressed predominantly by valvular endocardium during cardiac valve maturation, exhibited enlarged valves. ADAMTS5 deficient valves displayed a reduction in cleavage of its substrate versican, a critical cardiac proteoglycan. In vivo reduction of versican, in Adamts5(-/-) mice, achieved through Vcan heterozygosity, substantially rescued the valve anomalies. An increase in BMP2 immunolocalization, Sox9 expression and mesenchymal cell proliferation were observed in Adamts5(-/-) valve mesenchyme and correlated with expansion of the spongiosa (proteoglycan-rich) region in Adamts5(-/-) valve cusps. Furthermore, these data suggest that ECM remodeling via ADAMTS5 is required for endocardial to mesenchymal signaling in late fetal valve development. Although adult Adamts5(-/-) mice are viable they do not recover from developmental valve anomalies and have myxomatous cardiac valves with 100% penetrance. Since the accumulation of proteoglycans is a hallmark of myxomatous valve disease, based on these data we hypothesize that a lack of versican cleavage during fetal valve development may be a potential etiology of adult myxomatous valve disease.In fetal valve maturation the mechanisms by which the relatively homogeneous proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of endocardial cushions is replaced by a specialized and stratified ECM found in mature valves are not understood. Therefore, we reasoned that uncovering proteases critical for 'remodeling' the proteoglycan rich (extracellular matrix) ECM may elucidate novel mechanisms of valve development. We have determined that mice deficient in ADAMTS5, (A Disintegrin-like And Metalloprotease domain with ThromboSpondin-type 1 motifs) which we demonstrated is expressed predominantly by valvular endocardium during cardiac valve maturation, exhibited enlarged valves. ADAMTS5 deficient valves displayed a reduction in cleavage of its substrate versican, a critical cardiac proteoglycan. In vivo reduction of versican, in Adamts5(-/-) mice, achieved through Vcan heterozygosity, substantially rescued the valve anomalies. An increase in BMP2 immunolocalization, Sox9 expression and mesenchymal cell proliferation were observed in Adamts5(-/-) valve mesenchyme and correlated with expansion of the spongiosa (proteoglycan-rich) region in Adamts5(-/-) valve cusps. Furthermore, these data suggest that ECM remodeling via ADAMTS5 is required for endocardial to mesenchymal signaling in late fetal valve development. Although adult Adamts5(-/-) mice are viable they do not recover from developmental valve anomalies and have myxomatous cardiac valves with 100% penetrance. Since the accumulation of proteoglycans is a hallmark of myxomatous valve disease, based on these data we hypothesize that a lack of versican cleavage during fetal valve development may be a potential etiology of adult myxomatous valve disease.
Author McGarity, Jessica D.
Weber, Deidra
Diminich, A. Megan
Apte, Suneel S.
McCulloch, Daniel R.
Bahan, Alexandria
Nelson, Courtney M.
Dupuis, Loren E.
Wessels, Andy
Kern, Christine B.
AuthorAffiliation Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, 171 Ashley Avenue, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, 171 Ashley Avenue, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Loren E.
  surname: Dupuis
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  givenname: Daniel R.
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  fullname: McCulloch, Daniel R.
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  givenname: Jessica D.
  surname: McGarity
  fullname: McGarity, Jessica D.
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  givenname: Alexandria
  surname: Bahan
  fullname: Bahan, Alexandria
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Andy
  surname: Wessels
  fullname: Wessels, Andy
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  fullname: Weber, Deidra
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  surname: Kern
  fullname: Kern, Christine B.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21749862$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.
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ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-da4f31adcc0376fce091da3b57e7a9e520a57651bd3084e0e7f6883eb0ebdfb23
IEDL.DBID IXB
ISSN 0012-1606
1095-564X
IngestDate Thu Aug 21 13:52:53 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 08:16:22 EDT 2025
Tue Aug 05 10:45:22 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 06:04:50 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 00:49:05 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:09:54 EDT 2025
Wed Dec 27 19:32:03 EST 2023
Fri Feb 23 02:31:55 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords PV
Myxomatous valves
ADAMTS
MV
EMT
ECM
AVC
VIC
PA
ADAMTS5
AV
αSMA
Endocardial cushions
Extracellular matrix
OFT
SLV
WT
Versican
Language English
License http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0
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PublicationTitle Developmental biology
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Snippet In fetal valve maturation the mechanisms by which the relatively homogeneous proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of endocardial cushions is replaced...
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StartPage 152
SubjectTerms ADAM Proteins - genetics
ADAM Proteins - metabolism
ADAMTS5
ADAMTS5 Protein
adults
Animals
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - genetics
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - metabolism
Cell Proliferation
Endocardial cushions
Endocardium - metabolism
etiology
Extracellular matrix
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
heart
Heart - embryology
Heart Valve Diseases - etiology
Heart Valve Diseases - genetics
Heart Valves - embryology
Heart Valves - metabolism
heterozygosity
Mesoderm - metabolism
metalloproteinases
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Myxomatous valves
penetrance
proteoglycans
Versican
Versicans - metabolism
Title Altered versican cleavage in ADAMTS5 deficient mice; A novel etiology of myxomatous valve disease
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.06.041
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21749862
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1803108347
https://www.proquest.com/docview/883848913
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4435578
Volume 357
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