Gut-brain Axis and migraine headache: a comprehensive review

The terminology “gut-brain axis “points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several researches have shown that migraine is associated with some gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, irritable bowe...

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Published inJournal of headache and pain Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 15 - 12
Main Authors Arzani, Mahsa, Jahromi, Soodeh Razeghi, Ghorbani, Zeinab, Vahabizad, Fahimeh, Martelletti, Paolo, Ghaemi, Amir, Sacco, Simona, Togha, Mansoureh
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Milan Springer Milan 13.02.2020
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
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Abstract The terminology “gut-brain axis “points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several researches have shown that migraine is associated with some gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease (CD). The present review article aims to discuss the direct and indirect evidence suggesting relationships between migraine and the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms explaining how the gut and the brain may interact in patients with migraine are not entirely clear. Studies suggest that this interaction seems to be influenced by multiple factors such as inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), gut microbiota profile, neuropeptides and serotonin pathway, stress hormones and nutritional substances. Neuropeptides including CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY are thought to have antimicrobial impact on a variety of the gut bacterial strains and thus speculated to be involved in the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain. According to the current knowledge, migraine headache in patients harboring HP might be improved following the bacteria eradication. Migraineurs with long headache history and high headache frequency have a higher chance of being diagnosed with IBS. IBS and migraine share some similarities and can alter gut microflora composition and thereby may affect the gut-brain axis and inflammatory status. Migraine has been also associated with CD and the condition should be searched particularly in patients with migraine with occipital and parieto-occipital calcification at brain neuroimaging. In those patients, gluten-free diet can also be effective in reducing migraine frequency. It has also been proposed that migraine may be improved by dietary approaches with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis including appropriate consumption of fiber per day, adhering to a low glycemic index diet, supplementation with vitamin D, omega-3 and probiotics as well as weight loss dietary plans for overweight and obese patients.
AbstractList The terminology "gut-brain axis "points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several researches have shown that migraine is associated with some gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease (CD). The present review article aims to discuss the direct and indirect evidence suggesting relationships between migraine and the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms explaining how the gut and the brain may interact in patients with migraine are not entirely clear. Studies suggest that this interaction seems to be influenced by multiple factors such as inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), gut microbiota profile, neuropeptides and serotonin pathway, stress hormones and nutritional substances. Neuropeptides including CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY are thought to have antimicrobial impact on a variety of the gut bacterial strains and thus speculated to be involved in the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain. According to the current knowledge, migraine headache in patients harboring HP might be improved following the bacteria eradication. Migraineurs with long headache history and high headache frequency have a higher chance of being diagnosed with IBS. IBS and migraine share some similarities and can alter gut microflora composition and thereby may affect the gut-brain axis and inflammatory status. Migraine has been also associated with CD and the condition should be searched particularly in patients with migraine with occipital and parieto-occipital calcification at brain neuroimaging. In those patients, gluten-free diet can also be effective in reducing migraine frequency. It has also been proposed that migraine may be improved by dietary approaches with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis including appropriate consumption of fiber per day, adhering to a low glycemic index diet, supplementation with vitamin D, omega-3 and probiotics as well as weight loss dietary plans for overweight and obese patients.
The terminology "gut-brain axis "points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several researches have shown that migraine is associated with some gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease (CD). The present review article aims to discuss the direct and indirect evidence suggesting relationships between migraine and the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms explaining how the gut and the brain may interact in patients with migraine are not entirely clear. Studies suggest that this interaction seems to be influenced by multiple factors such as inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), gut microbiota profile, neuropeptides and serotonin pathway, stress hormones and nutritional substances. Neuropeptides including CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY are thought to have antimicrobial impact on a variety of the gut bacterial strains and thus speculated to be involved in the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain. According to the current knowledge, migraine headache in patients harboring HP might be improved following the bacteria eradication. Migraineurs with long headache history and high headache frequency have a higher chance of being diagnosed with IBS. IBS and migraine share some similarities and can alter gut microflora composition and thereby may affect the gut-brain axis and inflammatory status. Migraine has been also associated with CD and the condition should be searched particularly in patients with migraine with occipital and parieto-occipital calcification at brain neuroimaging. In those patients, gluten-free diet can also be effective in reducing migraine frequency. It has also been proposed that migraine may be improved by dietary approaches with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis including appropriate consumption of fiber per day, adhering to a low glycemic index diet, supplementation with vitamin D, omega-3 and probiotics as well as weight loss dietary plans for overweight and obese patients.The terminology "gut-brain axis "points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several researches have shown that migraine is associated with some gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease (CD). The present review article aims to discuss the direct and indirect evidence suggesting relationships between migraine and the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms explaining how the gut and the brain may interact in patients with migraine are not entirely clear. Studies suggest that this interaction seems to be influenced by multiple factors such as inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), gut microbiota profile, neuropeptides and serotonin pathway, stress hormones and nutritional substances. Neuropeptides including CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY are thought to have antimicrobial impact on a variety of the gut bacterial strains and thus speculated to be involved in the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain. According to the current knowledge, migraine headache in patients harboring HP might be improved following the bacteria eradication. Migraineurs with long headache history and high headache frequency have a higher chance of being diagnosed with IBS. IBS and migraine share some similarities and can alter gut microflora composition and thereby may affect the gut-brain axis and inflammatory status. Migraine has been also associated with CD and the condition should be searched particularly in patients with migraine with occipital and parieto-occipital calcification at brain neuroimaging. In those patients, gluten-free diet can also be effective in reducing migraine frequency. It has also been proposed that migraine may be improved by dietary approaches with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis including appropriate consumption of fiber per day, adhering to a low glycemic index diet, supplementation with vitamin D, omega-3 and probiotics as well as weight loss dietary plans for overweight and obese patients.
Abstract The terminology “gut-brain axis “points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several researches have shown that migraine is associated with some gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease (CD). The present review article aims to discuss the direct and indirect evidence suggesting relationships between migraine and the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms explaining how the gut and the brain may interact in patients with migraine are not entirely clear. Studies suggest that this interaction seems to be influenced by multiple factors such as inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), gut microbiota profile, neuropeptides and serotonin pathway, stress hormones and nutritional substances. Neuropeptides including CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY are thought to have antimicrobial impact on a variety of the gut bacterial strains and thus speculated to be involved in the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain. According to the current knowledge, migraine headache in patients harboring HP might be improved following the bacteria eradication. Migraineurs with long headache history and high headache frequency have a higher chance of being diagnosed with IBS. IBS and migraine share some similarities and can alter gut microflora composition and thereby may affect the gut-brain axis and inflammatory status. Migraine has been also associated with CD and the condition should be searched particularly in patients with migraine with occipital and parieto-occipital calcification at brain neuroimaging. In those patients, gluten-free diet can also be effective in reducing migraine frequency. It has also been proposed that migraine may be improved by dietary approaches with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis including appropriate consumption of fiber per day, adhering to a low glycemic index diet, supplementation with vitamin D, omega-3 and probiotics as well as weight loss dietary plans for overweight and obese patients.
ArticleNumber 15
Author Martelletti, Paolo
Togha, Mansoureh
Sacco, Simona
Arzani, Mahsa
Ghorbani, Zeinab
Vahabizad, Fahimeh
Ghaemi, Amir
Jahromi, Soodeh Razeghi
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mahsa
  surname: Arzani
  fullname: Arzani, Mahsa
  organization: Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Soodeh Razeghi
  surname: Jahromi
  fullname: Jahromi, Soodeh Razeghi
  organization: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Zeinab
  surname: Ghorbani
  fullname: Ghorbani, Zeinab
  organization: Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Fahimeh
  surname: Vahabizad
  fullname: Vahabizad, Fahimeh
  organization: Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Headache Department, Neurology Ward, Sina University Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Paolo
  surname: Martelletti
  fullname: Martelletti, Paolo
  organization: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Amir
  surname: Ghaemi
  fullname: Ghaemi, Amir
  organization: Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Simona
  surname: Sacco
  fullname: Sacco, Simona
  email: simona.sacco@univaq.it
  organization: Neuroscience section – Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Mansoureh
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9368-6835
  surname: Togha
  fullname: Togha, Mansoureh
  email: togha1961@gmail.com
  organization: Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Headache Department, Neurology Ward, Sina University Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32054443$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s). 2020
The Journal of Headache and Pain is a copyright of Springer, (2020). All Rights Reserved. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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School of Advanced Studies of the European Headache Federation (EHF-SAS)
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PublicationSubtitle Official Journal of the "European Headache Federation" and of "Lifting The Burden - The Global Campaign against Headache"
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Snippet The terminology “gut-brain axis “points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several...
The terminology "gut-brain axis "points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several...
Abstract The terminology “gut-brain axis “points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several...
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SubjectTerms Body weight
Body weight loss
Brain
Calcification (ectopic)
Calcitonin gene-related peptide
Celiac disease
Central nervous system
Dietary supplements
Digestive system
Gastrointestinal Diseases - complications
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Gastrointestinal Tract - physiopathology
Gluten
Gut-brain axis
Headache
Headaches
Humans
Inflammation
Interleukin 6
Interleukin 8
Internal Medicine
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome - complications
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Microbiota
Migraine
Migraine Disorders - etiology
Migraine Disorders - microbiology
Migraine Disorders - physiopathology
Neuroimaging
Neurology
Neuropeptide Y
Neuropeptides
Nutrient deficiency
Overweight
Pain Medicine
Probiotics
Review
Review Article
Serotonin
Terminology
Vitamin D
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Title Gut-brain Axis and migraine headache: a comprehensive review
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Volume 21
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