The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment

The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-med...

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Published inFrontiers in aging neuroscience Vol. 13; p. 689098
Main Authors Lv, Tao, Zhao, Bing, Hu, Qin, Zhang, Xiaohua
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Lausanne Frontiers Research Foundation 08.07.2021
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects
Alzheimer's disease
Apoptosis
AQP4
Aquaporin 4
Aquaporins
Astrocytes
Blood-brain barrier
Brain research
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cytokines
Edema
Epilepsy
glymphatic system
Headache
Hemorrhage
Hydrocephalus
Immune clearance
Inflammation
Lymphatic system
meningeal lymphatic system
Metabolism
Metabolites
Migraine
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurological diseases
Neuroscience
Neurotoxicity
Pathophysiology
Physiology
Risk assessment
Solutes
Stroke
Therapeutic targets
Traumatic brain injury
Veins & arteries
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Abstract The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-mediated convective transport of fluid and solutes supported by AQP4 water channels, and perivenous efflux pathway. Recent researches indicate that the GS dysfunction is associated with various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, migraine, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Meanwhile, the GS also plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of stroke, including brain edema, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we illustrated the key anatomical structures of the GS, the relationship between the GS and the meningeal lymphatic system, the interaction between the GS and the BBB, and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other GS cellular components. In addition, we contributed to the current knowledge about the role of the GS in the pathology of stroke and the role of AQP4 in stroke. We further discussed the potential use of the GS in early risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of stroke.
AbstractList The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-mediated convective transport of fluid and solutes supported by AQP4 water channels, and perivenous efflux pathway. Recent researches indicate that the GS dysfunction is associated with various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Meanwhile, the GS also plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of stroke, including brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we illustrated the key anatomical structures of the GS, the relationship between the GS and the meningeal lymphatic system, the interaction between the GS and the BBB, and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other GS cellular components. In addition, we contributed to the current knowledge about the role of the GS in the pathology of stroke and the role of AQP4 in stroke. We further discussed the potential use of the GS in early risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of stroke.The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-mediated convective transport of fluid and solutes supported by AQP4 water channels, and perivenous efflux pathway. Recent researches indicate that the GS dysfunction is associated with various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Meanwhile, the GS also plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of stroke, including brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we illustrated the key anatomical structures of the GS, the relationship between the GS and the meningeal lymphatic system, the interaction between the GS and the BBB, and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other GS cellular components. In addition, we contributed to the current knowledge about the role of the GS in the pathology of stroke and the role of AQP4 in stroke. We further discussed the potential use of the GS in early risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of stroke.
The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes mediated convective transport of fluid and solutes supported by AQP4 water channels and perivenous efflux pathway. Recent researches indicate that the GS dysfunction is associated with various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, migraine, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Meanwhile, the GS also plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of stroke, including brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we illustrate the key anatomical structure of the GS, the relationship between the GS and the meningeal lymphatic system, the interaction between the GS and the BBB, and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other GS cellular components. In addition, we contribute to the current knowledge about the role of the GS in the pathology of stroke and the role of AQP4 in stroke. We further discuss the potential use of the GS in early risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of stroke.
The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-mediated convective transport of fluid and solutes supported by AQP4 water channels, and perivenous efflux pathway. Recent researches indicate that the GS dysfunction is associated with various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, migraine, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Meanwhile, the GS also plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of stroke, including brain edema, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we illustrated the key anatomical structures of the GS, the relationship between the GS and the meningeal lymphatic system, the interaction between the GS and the BBB, and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other GS cellular components. In addition, we contributed to the current knowledge about the role of the GS in the pathology of stroke and the role of AQP4 in stroke. We further discussed the potential use of the GS in early risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of stroke.
Author Zhao, Bing
Zhang, Xiaohua
Lv, Tao
Hu, Qin
AuthorAffiliation 2 Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
1 Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Edited by: Gang Chen, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
Reviewed by: Haijian Wu, Zhejiang University, China; Yunzi Li, Jinling Hospital, China
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/f060ec94b01841028c6c323a8ddc06ab
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  day: 08
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Snippet The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that...
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SubjectTerms Alzheimer's disease
Apoptosis
AQP4
Aquaporin 4
Aquaporins
Astrocytes
Blood-brain barrier
Brain research
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cytokines
Edema
Epilepsy
glymphatic system
Headache
Hemorrhage
Hydrocephalus
Immune clearance
Inflammation
Lymphatic system
meningeal lymphatic system
Metabolism
Metabolites
Migraine
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurological diseases
Neuroscience
Neurotoxicity
Pathophysiology
Physiology
Risk assessment
Solutes
Stroke
Therapeutic targets
Traumatic brain injury
Veins & arteries
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Title The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment
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Volume 13
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