Chylopericardium Effusion in a Lac Alaotra Bamboo Lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis)
An 11-year-old female Hapalemur alaotrensis was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days’ duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring veterinarian revealed a large cardiac silhouette and dorsal deviation of the trachea. Heart sounds were muffled. Echocardiographic findings w...
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| Published in | Animals (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 2; p. 536 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
19.02.2021
MDPI |
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| Abstract | An 11-year-old female Hapalemur alaotrensis was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days’ duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring veterinarian revealed a large cardiac silhouette and dorsal deviation of the trachea. Heart sounds were muffled. Echocardiographic findings were indicative of severe pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. No pleural effusion was identified. A computed tomography (CT) exam confirmed the presence of severe pericardial effusion and allowed identification of a parenchymatous mediastinal lesion sited at the level of the left hemithorax. To delineate the thoracic duct, lymphoCT was also performed by injection of iodinated contrast medium in the perianal subcutaneous tissue. Pericardiocentesis yielded a considerable amount of effusion with chylous biochemical and cytological properties. A diagnosis of chylopericardium with absence of pleural effusion was made. Initially, the chylopericardium was managed conservatively with two centesis and oral treatment with prednisolone. Medical treatment did not result in complete resolution of effusion and clinical signs; therefore, subtotal pericardiectomy and thoracic duct ligation were recommended. After the second pericardiocentesis, the subject died and the pericardiectomy could not be performed. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the development of chylopericardium in a Hapalemur alaotrensis. |
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| AbstractList | An 11-year-old female Hapalemur alaotrensis was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days’ duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring veterinarian revealed a large cardiac silhouette and dorsal deviation of the trachea. Heart sounds were muffled. Echocardiographic findings were indicative of severe pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. No pleural effusion was identified. A computed tomography (CT) exam confirmed the presence of severe pericardial effusion and allowed identification of a parenchymatous mediastinal lesion sited at the level of the left hemithorax. To delineate the thoracic duct, lymphoCT was also performed by injection of iodinated contrast medium in the perianal subcutaneous tissue. Pericardiocentesis yielded a considerable amount of effusion with chylous biochemical and cytological properties. A diagnosis of chylopericardium with absence of pleural effusion was made. Initially, the chylopericardium was managed conservatively with two centesis and oral treatment with prednisolone. Medical treatment did not result in complete resolution of effusion and clinical signs; therefore, subtotal pericardiectomy and thoracic duct ligation were recommended. After the second pericardiocentesis, the subject died and the pericardiectomy could not be performed. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the development of chylopericardium in a Hapalemur alaotrensis. An 11-year-old female was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days' duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring veterinarian revealed a large cardiac silhouette and dorsal deviation of the trachea. Heart sounds were muffled. Echocardiographic findings were indicative of severe pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. No pleural effusion was identified. A computed tomography (CT) exam confirmed the presence of severe pericardial effusion and allowed identification of a parenchymatous mediastinal lesion sited at the level of the left hemithorax. To delineate the thoracic duct, lymphoCT was also performed by injection of iodinated contrast medium in the perianal subcutaneous tissue. Pericardiocentesis yielded a considerable amount of effusion with chylous biochemical and cytological properties. A diagnosis of chylopericardium with absence of pleural effusion was made. Initially, the chylopericardium was managed conservatively with two centesis and oral treatment with prednisolone. Medical treatment did not result in complete resolution of effusion and clinical signs; therefore, subtotal pericardiectomy and thoracic duct ligation were recommended. After the second pericardiocentesis, the subject died and the pericardiectomy could not be performed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the development of chylopericardium in a . Simple SummaryThe clinical staff of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Milan in Lodi have worked closely with veterinarians operating in a famous zoological park in Northern Italy. Thanks to this collaboration it has been possible to properly manage the clinical case reported in this brief communication. In veterinary medicine, clinical cases of chylopericardium in the species Hapalemur alaotrensis have never been described in the literature. Even in more common species, such as dogs and cats, it is a very rare pathology. The description of this clinical case and its diagnostic management can be a valid clinical and anatomopathological support for other colleagues who face a similar case, so that they can focus on diagnostic investigations useful for diagnosis. A new anesthesiologic protocol, allowing the optimal management of the patient throughout the clinical procedure, is also reported in detail, as well as the detailed description of the lymphoCT examination. For all these reasons the authors think that the description of this clinical case can help other colleagues in the management of infested subjects.AbstractAn 11-year-old female Hapalemur alaotrensis was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days’ duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring veterinarian revealed a large cardiac silhouette and dorsal deviation of the trachea. Heart sounds were muffled. Echocardiographic findings were indicative of severe pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. No pleural effusion was identified. A computed tomography (CT) exam confirmed the presence of severe pericardial effusion and allowed identification of a parenchymatous mediastinal lesion sited at the level of the left hemithorax. To delineate the thoracic duct, lymphoCT was also performed by injection of iodinated contrast medium in the perianal subcutaneous tissue. Pericardiocentesis yielded a considerable amount of effusion with chylous biochemical and cytological properties. A diagnosis of chylopericardium with absence of pleural effusion was made. Initially, the chylopericardium was managed conservatively with two centesis and oral treatment with prednisolone. Medical treatment did not result in complete resolution of effusion and clinical signs; therefore, subtotal pericardiectomy and thoracic duct ligation were recommended. After the second pericardiocentesis, the subject died and the pericardiectomy could not be performed. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the development of chylopericardium in a Hapalemur alaotrensis. An 11-year-old female Hapalemur alaotrensis was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days' duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring veterinarian revealed a large cardiac silhouette and dorsal deviation of the trachea. Heart sounds were muffled. Echocardiographic findings were indicative of severe pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. No pleural effusion was identified. A computed tomography (CT) exam confirmed the presence of severe pericardial effusion and allowed identification of a parenchymatous mediastinal lesion sited at the level of the left hemithorax. To delineate the thoracic duct, lymphoCT was also performed by injection of iodinated contrast medium in the perianal subcutaneous tissue. Pericardiocentesis yielded a considerable amount of effusion with chylous biochemical and cytological properties. A diagnosis of chylopericardium with absence of pleural effusion was made. Initially, the chylopericardium was managed conservatively with two centesis and oral treatment with prednisolone. Medical treatment did not result in complete resolution of effusion and clinical signs; therefore, subtotal pericardiectomy and thoracic duct ligation were recommended. After the second pericardiocentesis, the subject died and the pericardiectomy could not be performed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the development of chylopericardium in a Hapalemur alaotrensis.An 11-year-old female Hapalemur alaotrensis was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days' duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring veterinarian revealed a large cardiac silhouette and dorsal deviation of the trachea. Heart sounds were muffled. Echocardiographic findings were indicative of severe pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. No pleural effusion was identified. A computed tomography (CT) exam confirmed the presence of severe pericardial effusion and allowed identification of a parenchymatous mediastinal lesion sited at the level of the left hemithorax. To delineate the thoracic duct, lymphoCT was also performed by injection of iodinated contrast medium in the perianal subcutaneous tissue. Pericardiocentesis yielded a considerable amount of effusion with chylous biochemical and cytological properties. A diagnosis of chylopericardium with absence of pleural effusion was made. Initially, the chylopericardium was managed conservatively with two centesis and oral treatment with prednisolone. Medical treatment did not result in complete resolution of effusion and clinical signs; therefore, subtotal pericardiectomy and thoracic duct ligation were recommended. After the second pericardiocentesis, the subject died and the pericardiectomy could not be performed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the development of chylopericardium in a Hapalemur alaotrensis. |
| Author | Stranieri, Angelica Rabbogliatti, Vanessa Bassi, Jessica Gioeni, Daniela Bagardi, Mara Magnone, William Pigoli, Claudio |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Parco Natura Viva, Garda Zoological Park, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy; william.magnone@parconaturaviva.it 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; jessica.bassi@unimi.it (J.B.); angelica.stranieri@unimi.it (A.S.); vanessa.rabbogliatti@unimi.it (V.R.); daniela.gioeni@unimi.it (D.G.); claudio.pigoli@unimi.it (C.P.) 3 Laboratorio di Istologia, Sede Territoriale di Milano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), 20133 Milano, Italy |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; jessica.bassi@unimi.it (J.B.); angelica.stranieri@unimi.it (A.S.); vanessa.rabbogliatti@unimi.it (V.R.); daniela.gioeni@unimi.it (D.G.); claudio.pigoli@unimi.it (C.P.) – name: 3 Laboratorio di Istologia, Sede Territoriale di Milano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), 20133 Milano, Italy – name: 2 Parco Natura Viva, Garda Zoological Park, 37012 Bussolengo, Italy; william.magnone@parconaturaviva.it |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mara orcidid: 0000-0002-5247-3796 surname: Bagardi fullname: Bagardi, Mara – sequence: 2 givenname: Jessica surname: Bassi fullname: Bassi, Jessica – sequence: 3 givenname: Angelica orcidid: 0000-0002-8529-572X surname: Stranieri fullname: Stranieri, Angelica – sequence: 4 givenname: Vanessa orcidid: 0000-0002-3149-4643 surname: Rabbogliatti fullname: Rabbogliatti, Vanessa – sequence: 5 givenname: Daniela orcidid: 0000-0001-5956-6939 surname: Gioeni fullname: Gioeni, Daniela – sequence: 6 givenname: William surname: Magnone fullname: Magnone, William – sequence: 7 givenname: Claudio orcidid: 0000-0002-5745-0796 surname: Pigoli fullname: Pigoli, Claudio |
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| Snippet | An 11-year-old female Hapalemur alaotrensis was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days’ duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring... An 11-year-old female was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days' duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring veterinarian revealed... Simple SummaryThe clinical staff of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Milan in Lodi have worked closely with veterinarians operating in a... An 11-year-old female Hapalemur alaotrensis was evaluated following a history of dyspnea of 15 days' duration. Thoracic radiography performed by the referring... |
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| SubjectTerms | Automation Case Report Cellular biology Cholesterol Chronic illnesses chylopericardium computed tomography Dyspnea echocardiography females General anesthesia heart Lemuridae lymphoCT medical treatment oral administration pericardial effusion prednisolone Pulse oximetry radiography thoracic duct Thoracic surgery Triglycerides veterinarians zoo animals |
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| Title | Chylopericardium Effusion in a Lac Alaotra Bamboo Lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis) |
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