Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with arterial stiffness in Caucasian subjects of the MARK study: a cross-sectional trial

• Published in: Cardiovascular diabetology Vol. 15; no. 1; p. 148
• Main Authors: Gomez-Sanchez, Leticia, Garcia-Ortiz, Luis, Patino-Alonso, M. Carmen, Recio-Rodriguez, Jose I., Fernando, Rigo, Marti, Ruth, Agudo-Conde, Cristina, Rodriguez-Sanchez, Emiliano, Maderuelo-Fernandez, Jose A., Ramos, Rafel, Gomez-Marcos, Manuel A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central 24.10.2016
• Subjects: Aged; Ankle Brachial Index; Arteries; Artèries; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis; Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology; Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology; Cardiovascular system; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diseases; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Lipids - blood; Logistic Models; Malalties; Male; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - blood; Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis; Metabolic Syndrome - ethnology; Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Original Investigation; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Pulse Wave Analysis; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Sistema cardiovascular; Síndrome metabòlica; Vascular Stiffness; Waist Circumference; Cardio-ankle vascular index; Arterial stiffness; Metabolic syndrome; Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity
• DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0465-7
• ISSN: 1475-2840

The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) can reflect both central and peripheral arterial stiffness. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components may increase arterial stiffness and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the correlation of MetS and its components with arterial stiffness is still not clear. The primary aim of this study is thus the relationship using baPWV and CAVI in Caucasian adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk. The secondary aim is to analyze sex differences. This study analyzed 2351 subjects aged 35-74 years (mean, 61.4 ± 7.7 years) comprising 61.7 % males and enrolled in the improving interMediAte Risk management (MARK) study. CAVI was measured using a VaSera VS-1500 device, and baPWV was calculated using a validated equation. MetS was defined based on the Joint Scientific Statement National Cholesterol Education Program III. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile were measured. MetS was found in 51.9 % of the subjects. All MetS components except reduced HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.578) were associated with CAVI. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.075) and waist circumference (p = 0.315) were associated with baPWV. The different MetS components that assess dyslipidemia using the stiffness measures show different associations according to patient sex. The high blood pressure component had a greater odds ratio (OR) for both baPWV ≥ 17.5 m/sec (OR = 6.90, 95 % CI 3.52-13.519) and CAVI ≥ 9 (OR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.63-1.90). MetS and all its components (except HDL-cholesterol with baPWV and CAVI and WC with baPWV) were associated with baPWV and CAVI. However, there were sex differences in the association of MetS and its components with baPWV and CAVI. Data from this study suggest a greater association of CAVI and baPWV values with MetS components in males than in females and indicate greater arterial stiffness in the event of simultaneously elevated blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and waist circumference. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT01428934. Registered 2 September 2011. Last updated September 8, 2016.