Protease Cleavage Sites in HIV-1 gp120 Recognized by Antigen Processing Enzymes Are Conserved and Located at Receptor Binding Sites
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| Published in | Journal of Virology Vol. 84; no. 3; pp. 1513 - 1526 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Washington, DC
American Society for Microbiology
01.02.2010
American Society for Microbiology (ASM) |
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The identification of vaccine immunogens able to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is a major goal in HIV vaccine research. Although it has been possible to produce recombinant envelope glycoproteins able to adsorb bNAbs from HIV-positive sera, immunization with these proteins has failed to elicit antibody responses effective against clinical isolates of HIV-1. Thus, the epitopes recognized by bNAbs are present on recombinant proteins, but they are not immunogenic. These results led us to consider the possibility that changes in the pattern of antigen processing might alter the immune response to the envelope glycoprotein to better elicit protective immunity. In these studies, we have defined protease cleavage sites on HIV gp120 recognized by three major human proteases (cathepsins L, S, and D) important for antigen processing and presentation. Remarkably, six of the eight sites identified in gp120 were highly conserved and clustered in regions of the molecule associated with receptor binding and/or the binding of neutralizing antibodies. These results suggested that HIV may have evolved to take advantage of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen processing enzymes in order to evade or direct the antiviral immune response. |
| Author | Phillip W. Berman Sara M. O'Rourke Dora P. A. J. Fonseca Bin Yu |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 surname: BIN YU fullname: BIN YU organization: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of Califomia, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Dora P. A. J surname: FONSECA fullname: FONSECA, Dora P. A. J organization: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of Califomia, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Sara M surname: O'ROURKE fullname: O'ROURKE, Sara M organization: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of Califomia, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Phillip W surname: BERMAN fullname: BERMAN, Phillip W organization: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of Califomia, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States |
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| Keywords | Virus Antigen HIV-1 virus Enzyme Cleavage site Retroviridae Binding site Human immunodeficiency virus Lentivirus Biological receptor |
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Mendeley... The identification of vaccine immunogens able to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is a major goal in HIV vaccine research. Although it has been... |
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| SubjectTerms | Amino Acid Sequence Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology Antigen Presentation Binding Sites Biological and medical sciences Conserved Sequence Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology HIV Envelope Protein gp120 - chemistry HIV Envelope Protein gp120 - immunology HIV Envelope Protein gp120 - metabolism HIV-1 - metabolism Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Humans Hydrolysis Microbiology Miscellaneous Models, Molecular Molecular Sequence Data Pathogenesis and Immunity Protein Conformation Virology |
| Title | Protease Cleavage Sites in HIV-1 gp120 Recognized by Antigen Processing Enzymes Are Conserved and Located at Receptor Binding Sites |
| URI | http://jvi.asm.org/content/84/3/1513.abstract https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19939935 https://search.proquest.com/docview/21309507 https://search.proquest.com/docview/734233478 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2812349 |
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