Occurrence and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in drinking water from Eastern China

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous in the environment and may pose potential health risks to humans. Drinking water is suspected as one possible exposure pathway of OPEs to humans. In this study, we investigated the residues of 9 OPEs in five types of drinking water in Eastern China. The m...

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Published in	The Science of the total environment Vol. 538; pp. 959 - 965
Main Authors	Ding, Jinjian, Shen, Xiaoli, Liu, Weiping, Covaci, Adrian, Yang, Fangxing
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.12.2015
Subjects	Carcinogenic risk China drinking Drinking water Drinking Water - chemistry Environmental Monitoring Esters Esters - analysis Exposure Exposure assessment exposure pathways Human human health humans Non-cancer risk Organophosphate esters Organophosphorus Compounds - analysis people Phosphates Risk Risk Assessment Tap water Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis China China, People's Rep Organophosphate esters Drinking water Carcinogenic risk Non-cancer risk Exposure assessment
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Abstract	Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous in the environment and may pose potential health risks to humans. Drinking water is suspected as one possible exposure pathway of OPEs to humans. In this study, we investigated the residues of 9 OPEs in five types of drinking water in Eastern China. The median concentrations of Σ9OPEs were determined to be 3.99, 4.50, 27.6, 59.2 and 192ng/L in the bottled, well, barreled, direct drinking and tap waters, respectively. Triethyl phosphate (TEP) was the most abundant OPE in the tap water and filtered drinking water with median concentrations of 50.2 and 30.2ng/L, respectively. The mixture of tri(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tri(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), named here as TCPP, dominated in the barreled and well water with median concentrations of 8.04 and 2.49ng/L, respectively. The calculated average daily doses of OPEs ranged from 0.14 to 7.07ng/kgbw/day for people consuming the five different types of drinking water. Among the drinking water, the tap water exhibited the highest exposure doses of OPEs. The calculated non-cancer hazard quotients (10−4–10−7) from OPEs were much lower than the theoretical threshold of risk. The carcinogenic risks posed by TCEP were very low (<10−7) for all types of drinking water. The results revealed that there was currently low risk to human health from exposure to OPEs through drinking water in Eastern China. [Display omitted] •Residues of OPEs in drinking water were investigated in Eastern China.•The concentrations of OPEs in tap water were higher than other drinking waters.•Uptake of OPEs via drinking water was similar to airborne exposure for adults.•Non-cancer and carcinogenic risks of OPEs for people via drinking water were low.
AbstractList	Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous in the environment and may pose potential health risks to humans. Drinking water is suspected as one possible exposure pathway of OPEs to humans. In this study, we investigated the residues of 9 OPEs in five types of drinking water in Eastern China. The median concentrations of Σ9OPEs were determined to be 3.99, 4.50, 27.6, 59.2 and 192ng/L in the bottled, well, barreled, direct drinking and tap waters, respectively. Triethyl phosphate (TEP) was the most abundant OPE in the tap water and filtered drinking water with median concentrations of 50.2 and 30.2ng/L, respectively. The mixture of tri(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tri(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), named here as TCPP, dominated in the barreled and well water with median concentrations of 8.04 and 2.49ng/L, respectively. The calculated average daily doses of OPEs ranged from 0.14 to 7.07ng/kgbw/day for people consuming the five different types of drinking water. Among the drinking water, the tap water exhibited the highest exposure doses of OPEs. The calculated non-cancer hazard quotients (10−4–10−7) from OPEs were much lower than the theoretical threshold of risk. The carcinogenic risks posed by TCEP were very low (<10−7) for all types of drinking water. The results revealed that there was currently low risk to human health from exposure to OPEs through drinking water in Eastern China. [Display omitted] •Residues of OPEs in drinking water were investigated in Eastern China.•The concentrations of OPEs in tap water were higher than other drinking waters.•Uptake of OPEs via drinking water was similar to airborne exposure for adults.•Non-cancer and carcinogenic risks of OPEs for people via drinking water were low. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous in the environment and may pose potential health risks to humans. Drinking water is suspected as one possible exposure pathway of OPEs to humans. In this study, we investigated the residues of 9 OPEs in five types of drinking water in Eastern China. The median concentrations of Σ9OPEs were determined to be 3.99, 4.50, 27.6, 59.2 and 192ng/L in the bottled, well, barreled, direct drinking and tap waters, respectively. Triethyl phosphate (TEP) was the most abundant OPE in the tap water and filtered drinking water with median concentrations of 50.2 and 30.2ng/L, respectively. The mixture of tri(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tri(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), named here as TCPP, dominated in the barreled and well water with median concentrations of 8.04 and 2.49ng/L, respectively. The calculated average daily doses of OPEs ranged from 0.14 to 7.07ng/kgbw/day for people consuming the five different types of drinking water. Among the drinking water, the tap water exhibited the highest exposure doses of OPEs. The calculated non-cancer hazard quotients (10−4–10−7) from OPEs were much lower than the theoretical threshold of risk. The carcinogenic risks posed by TCEP were very low (<10−7) for all types of drinking water. The results revealed that there was currently low risk to human health from exposure to OPEs through drinking water in Eastern China. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous in the environment and may pose potential health risks to humans. Drinking water is suspected as one possible exposure pathway of OPEs to humans. In this study, we investigated the residues of 9 OPEs in five types of drinking water in Eastern China. The median concentrations of capital sigma 9OPEs were determined to be 3.99, 4.50, 27.6, 59.2 and 192ng/L in the bottled, well, barreled, direct drinking and tap waters, respectively. Triethyl phosphate (TEP) was the most abundant OPE in the tap water and filtered drinking water with median concentrations of 50.2 and 30.2ng/L, respectively. The mixture of tri(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tri(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), named here as TCPP, dominated in the barreled and well water with median concentrations of 8.04 and 2.49ng/L, respectively. The calculated average daily doses of OPEs ranged from 0.14 to 7.07ng/kgbw/day for people consuming the five different types of drinking water. Among the drinking water, the tap water exhibited the highest exposure doses of OPEs. The calculated non-cancer hazard quotients (10-4-10-7) from OPEs were much lower than the theoretical threshold of risk. The carcinogenic risks posed by TCEP were very low (<10-7) for all types of drinking water. The results revealed that there was currently low risk to human health from exposure to OPEs through drinking water in Eastern China. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous in the environment and may pose potential health risks to humans. Drinking water is suspected as one possible exposure pathway of OPEs to humans. In this study, we investigated the residues of 9 OPEs in five types of drinking water in Eastern China. The median concentrations of Σ9OPEs were determined to be 3.99, 4.50, 27.6, 59.2 and 192ng/L in the bottled, well, barreled, direct drinking and tap waters, respectively. Triethyl phosphate (TEP) was the most abundant OPE in the tap water and filtered drinking water with median concentrations of 50.2 and 30.2ng/L, respectively. The mixture of tri(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tri(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), named here as TCPP, dominated in the barreled and well water with median concentrations of 8.04 and 2.49ng/L, respectively. The calculated average daily doses of OPEs ranged from 0.14 to 7.07ng/kgbw/day for people consuming the five different types of drinking water. Among the drinking water, the tap water exhibited the highest exposure doses of OPEs. The calculated non-cancer hazard quotients (10(-4)-10(-7)) from OPEs were much lower than the theoretical threshold of risk. The carcinogenic risks posed by TCEP were very low (<10(-7)) for all types of drinking water. The results revealed that there was currently low risk to human health from exposure to OPEs through drinking water in Eastern China.
Author	Covaci, Adrian Shen, Xiaoli Yang, Fangxing Liu, Weiping Ding, Jinjian
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jinjian surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Jinjian organization: MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiaoli surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Xiaoli organization: Department of Environmental Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Weiping surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Weiping organization: MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Adrian surname: Covaci fullname: Covaci, Adrian organization: Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium – sequence: 5 givenname: Fangxing surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Fangxing email: fxyang@zju.edu.cn organization: MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26363608$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous in the environment and may pose potential health risks to humans. Drinking water is suspected as one possible...
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SubjectTerms	Carcinogenic risk China drinking Drinking water Drinking Water - chemistry Environmental Monitoring Esters Esters - analysis Exposure Exposure assessment exposure pathways Human human health humans Non-cancer risk Organophosphate esters Organophosphorus Compounds - analysis people Phosphates Risk Risk Assessment Tap water Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Title	Occurrence and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in drinking water from Eastern China
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.101 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26363608 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1727696635 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1762110348 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1836676462
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