A Pilot Study of Low-Dose Zidovudine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
ZIDOVUDINE prolongs survival in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and delays the progression of HIV infection. 1 2 3 The initially recommended doses of 1200 to 1500 mg a day are associated with hematologic toxicity that often requires the interruption of therapy. 2 , 4...
Saved in:
| Published in | The New England journal of medicine Vol. 323; no. 15; pp. 1015 - 1021 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Boston, MA
Massachusetts Medical Society
11.10.1990
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0028-4793 1533-4406 |
| DOI | 10.1056/NEJM199010113231502 |
Cover
| Abstract | ZIDOVUDINE prolongs survival in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and delays the progression of HIV infection.
1
2
3
The initially recommended doses of 1200 to 1500 mg a day are associated with hematologic toxicity that often requires the interruption of therapy.
2
,
4
5
6
With prolonged use, opportunistic infections and death eventually occur,
7
and regimens are therefore needed that enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of zidovudine.
Combination therapy with lower doses of antiviral drugs is one possible approach. Acyclovir, a nucleoside analogue with little or no intrinsic activity against HIV, has been reported to potentiate zidovudine's anti-HIV effect in vitro. . . . |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high doses. Regimens are needed that preserve or enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Acyclovir has been reported to potentiate the effect of zidovudine on HIV in vitro.BACKGROUNDZidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high doses. Regimens are needed that preserve or enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Acyclovir has been reported to potentiate the effect of zidovudine on HIV in vitro.We conducted a Phase II open-label, dose-escalating trial to evaluate the clinical and antiviral effects of zidovudine at low (300 mg daily, 28 subjects), medium (600 mg, 24 subjects), and high (1500 mg, 15 subjects) doses, either with or without acyclovir (4.8 g) by random assignment. The subjects had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex, but not AIDS. All of them had either HIV p24 antigenemia or plasma viremia and CD4-lymphocyte counts of 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter when they began treatment.METHODSWe conducted a Phase II open-label, dose-escalating trial to evaluate the clinical and antiviral effects of zidovudine at low (300 mg daily, 28 subjects), medium (600 mg, 24 subjects), and high (1500 mg, 15 subjects) doses, either with or without acyclovir (4.8 g) by random assignment. The subjects had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex, but not AIDS. All of them had either HIV p24 antigenemia or plasma viremia and CD4-lymphocyte counts of 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter when they began treatment.Performance scores and fatigue improved the most in the low- and medium-dose zidovudine groups (both P less than or equal to 0.025). Those assigned to low-dose zidovudine gained the most weight and had the greatest improvement in the mean CD4-lymphocyte count (from 321 per cubic millimeter at base line to 412 per cubic millimeter after 12 weeks, P = 0.01). The proportion of subjects in whom HIV antigenemia resolved, the decrease in the level of antigenemia, and the reduction in the plasma virus titers were similar at all three doses. Subjects assigned to receive the low or medium dose who subsequently crossed over to the 1500-mg dose (n = 19) did not have an increase in CD4-cell counts or a decline in levels of HIV antigen, but they did have dose-related toxicity. The addition of acyclovir to zidovudine was well tolerated, but it did not enhance any of zidovudine's antiretroviral effects.RESULTSPerformance scores and fatigue improved the most in the low- and medium-dose zidovudine groups (both P less than or equal to 0.025). Those assigned to low-dose zidovudine gained the most weight and had the greatest improvement in the mean CD4-lymphocyte count (from 321 per cubic millimeter at base line to 412 per cubic millimeter after 12 weeks, P = 0.01). The proportion of subjects in whom HIV antigenemia resolved, the decrease in the level of antigenemia, and the reduction in the plasma virus titers were similar at all three doses. Subjects assigned to receive the low or medium dose who subsequently crossed over to the 1500-mg dose (n = 19) did not have an increase in CD4-cell counts or a decline in levels of HIV antigen, but they did have dose-related toxicity. The addition of acyclovir to zidovudine was well tolerated, but it did not enhance any of zidovudine's antiretroviral effects.In this pilot study a very low dose of zidovudine (300 mg) had clinical and virologic effects similar to those of higher daily doses (600 and 1500 mg). The minimal effective dose of zidovudine for the treatment of HIV infection has yet to be determined, and further studies of very low daily doses are warranted.CONCLUSIONSIn this pilot study a very low dose of zidovudine (300 mg) had clinical and virologic effects similar to those of higher daily doses (600 and 1500 mg). The minimal effective dose of zidovudine for the treatment of HIV infection has yet to be determined, and further studies of very low daily doses are warranted. Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high doses. We conducted a Phase II open-label, dose-escalating trial to evaluate the clinical and antiviral effects of zidovudine at low (300 mg daily, 28 subjects), medium (600 mg, 24 subjects), and high (1500 mg, 15 subjects) doses, either with or without acyclovir (4.8 g) by random assignment. In this pilot study a very low dose of zidovudine (300 mg) had clinical and virologic effects similar to those of higher daily doses (600 and 1500 mg). The minimal effective dose of zidovudine for the treatment of HIV infection has yet to be determined, and further studies of very low daily doses are warranted. Abstract Background . Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high doses. Regimens are needed that preserve or enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Acyclovir has been reported to potentiate the effect of zidovudine on HIV in vitro. Methods . We conducted a Phase II open-label, dose-escalating trial to evaluate the clinical and antiviral effects of zidovudine at low (300 mg daily, 28 subjects), medium (600 mg, 24 subjects), and high (1500 mg, 15 subjects) doses, either with or without acyclovir (4.8 g) by random assignment. The subjects had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--related complex, but not AIDS. All of them had either HIV p24 antigenemia or plasma viremia and CD4-lymphocyte counts of 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter when they began treatment. Results . Performance scores and fatigue improved the most in the low- and medium-dose zidovudine groups (both P≤0.025). Those assigned to low-dose zidovudine gained the most weight and had the greatest improvement in the mean CD4-lymphocyte count (from 321 per cubic millimeter at base line to 412 per cubic millimeter after 12 weeks, P = 0.01). The proportion of subjects in whom HIV antigenemia resolved, the decrease in the level of antigenemia, and the reduction in the plasma virus titers were similar at all three doses. Subjects assigned to receive the low or medium dose who subsequently crossed over to the 1500-mg dose (n = 19) did not have an increase in CD4-cell counts or a decline in levels of HIV antigen, but they did have dose-related toxicity. The addition of acyclovir to zidovudine was well tolerated, but it did not enhance any of zidovudine's antiretroviral effects. Conclusions . In this pilot study a very low dose of zidovudine (300 mg) had clinical and virologic effects similar to those of higher daily doses (600 and 1500 mg). The minimal effective dose of zidovudine for the treatment of HIV infection has yet to be determined, and further studies of very low daily doses are warranted. (N Engl J Med 1990; 323:1015-21.) Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high doses. Regimens are needed that preserve or enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Acyclovir has been reported to potentiate the effect of zidovudine on HIV in vitro. We conducted a Phase II open-label, dose-escalating trial to evaluate the clinical and antiviral effects of zidovudine at low (300 mg daily, 28 subjects), medium (600 mg, 24 subjects), and high (1500 mg, 15 subjects) doses, either with or without acyclovir (4.8 g) by random assignment. The subjects had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex, but not AIDS. All of them had either HIV p24 antigenemia or plasma viremia and CD4-lymphocyte counts of 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter when they began treatment. Performance scores and fatigue improved the most in the low- and medium-dose zidovudine groups (both P less than or equal to 0.025). Those assigned to low-dose zidovudine gained the most weight and had the greatest improvement in the mean CD4-lymphocyte count (from 321 per cubic millimeter at base line to 412 per cubic millimeter after 12 weeks, P = 0.01). The proportion of subjects in whom HIV antigenemia resolved, the decrease in the level of antigenemia, and the reduction in the plasma virus titers were similar at all three doses. Subjects assigned to receive the low or medium dose who subsequently crossed over to the 1500-mg dose (n = 19) did not have an increase in CD4-cell counts or a decline in levels of HIV antigen, but they did have dose-related toxicity. The addition of acyclovir to zidovudine was well tolerated, but it did not enhance any of zidovudine's antiretroviral effects. In this pilot study a very low dose of zidovudine (300 mg) had clinical and virologic effects similar to those of higher daily doses (600 and 1500 mg). The minimal effective dose of zidovudine for the treatment of HIV infection has yet to be determined, and further studies of very low daily doses are warranted. ZIDOVUDINE prolongs survival in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and delays the progression of HIV infection. 1 2 3 The initially recommended doses of 1200 to 1500 mg a day are associated with hematologic toxicity that often requires the interruption of therapy. 2 , 4 5 6 With prolonged use, opportunistic infections and death eventually occur, 7 and regimens are therefore needed that enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of zidovudine. Combination therapy with lower doses of antiviral drugs is one possible approach. Acyclovir, a nucleoside analogue with little or no intrinsic activity against HIV, has been reported to potentiate zidovudine's anti-HIV effect in vitro. . . . |
| Author | Corey, Lawrence Causey, Dennis M Collier, Ann C Spector, Stephen A Richman, Douglas D Davies, Glenn Bozzette, Samuel Pettinelli, Carla B Coombs, Robert W Leedom, John M Kidd, Pamela Schoenfeld, David A |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ann C surname: Collier fullname: Collier, Ann C – sequence: 2 givenname: Samuel surname: Bozzette fullname: Bozzette, Samuel – sequence: 3 givenname: Robert W surname: Coombs fullname: Coombs, Robert W – sequence: 4 givenname: Dennis M surname: Causey fullname: Causey, Dennis M – sequence: 5 givenname: David A surname: Schoenfeld fullname: Schoenfeld, David A – sequence: 6 givenname: Stephen A surname: Spector fullname: Spector, Stephen A – sequence: 7 givenname: Carla B surname: Pettinelli fullname: Pettinelli, Carla B – sequence: 8 givenname: Glenn surname: Davies fullname: Davies, Glenn – sequence: 9 givenname: Douglas D surname: Richman fullname: Richman, Douglas D – sequence: 10 givenname: John M surname: Leedom fullname: Leedom, John M – sequence: 11 givenname: Pamela surname: Kidd fullname: Kidd, Pamela – sequence: 12 givenname: Lawrence surname: Corey fullname: Corey, Lawrence |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=4613972$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1977080$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqF0k1rFDEYB_Aglbpt_QQiBBUvMprXyeRYamtX1lbw5eBlSDIZyDJJ2mRi2W9vyi4WirU5JIfn9w95eQ7AXojBAvACo_cY8fbDxennL1hKhBHGlFDMEXkCFphT2jCG2j2wQIh0DROSPgMHOa9RHZjJfbCPpRCoQwtwcQy_uinO8Ntchg2MI1zFm-ZjzBb-ckP8XQYXLHQBnhevAlx6X0Ic7OiMs8Fs4E-XSobLMFozuxiOwNNRTdk-362H4MfZ6feT82Z1-Wl5crxqDKd8boxppWZEKM4JFtxqhAc-YqM7Vg-mNemEJlZwYonqOmTsYIjRFDPS6VpR9BC83e57leJ1sXnuvcvGTpMKNpbcdwgxJmj7KMRcSM6lrPDVPbiOJYV6iZ4QKnlbp4peP4Sw7CjDjHNe1cudKtrbob9Kzqu06XePXutvdnWVjZrGpIJx-S9jLaZSkMrolpkUc052vNsI9bcN0P-jAWpK3ksZN6vbv5mTctMj2XfbrPe5D3bt_6v_AA1rvOg |
| CODEN | NEJMAG |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_S0022_3476_05_81918_3 crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJM199104043241414 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2125_1995_tb05765_x crossref_primary_10_1016_S0025_7125_05_70445_4 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2125_1992_tb04051_x crossref_primary_10_1128_AAC_01209_09 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bmc_2011_05_026 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0166_3542_99_00065_0 crossref_primary_10_7326_0003_4819_116_7_562 crossref_primary_10_1592_phco_19_11_979_31572 crossref_primary_10_1002_j_1875_9114_1993_tb02770_x crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJM199306103282307 crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJM199201233260401 crossref_primary_10_3109_07357909209032775 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jchromb_2009_08_030 crossref_primary_10_1046_j_1365_2125_1999_00987_x crossref_primary_10_1097_00042560_199805010_00005 crossref_primary_10_3109_00365549209054640 crossref_primary_10_1128_AAC_42_2_358 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0040_4039_97_10531_7 crossref_primary_10_1097_00042560_200106010_00003 crossref_primary_10_1016_0166_3542_92_90016_X crossref_primary_10_1016_S0338_9898_96_80205_8 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2125_1994_tb04231_x crossref_primary_10_1016_0166_3542_91_90013_H crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_95_92963_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_0306_3623_95_00047_X crossref_primary_10_1177_002204269402400407 crossref_primary_10_1002_j_1875_9114_1991_tb02658_x crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_1991_7_751 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jir766 crossref_primary_10_1157_13110209 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF00315509 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0029_6465_22_00385_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0022_3476_05_80053_8 crossref_primary_10_1097_00003081_199606000_00010 crossref_primary_10_1016_0928_0197_94_00026_Q crossref_primary_10_1016_0003_2697_91_90470_E crossref_primary_10_1097_00007435_199802000_00002 crossref_primary_10_1016_0140_6736_91_90414_K crossref_primary_10_1016_S0934_8840_96_80116_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0895_4356_98_00159_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0025_7125_05_70490_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0272_2712_18_30380_9 crossref_primary_10_3109_10408369409084676 crossref_primary_10_1097_00126334_200106010_00003 crossref_primary_10_1002_j_1552_4604_1994_tb03961_x crossref_primary_10_1177_135965350701200301 crossref_primary_10_1592_phco_21_1_11_34439 crossref_primary_10_1185_03007999909114096 crossref_primary_10_2307_30166593 crossref_primary_10_1002_j_1875_9114_1991_tb02659_x crossref_primary_10_1016_S0022_3476_09_90030_0 crossref_primary_10_1021_tx8000219 crossref_primary_10_1080_21548331_1992_11705596 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0025_6196_12_61319_6 crossref_primary_10_1080_21548331_1992_11705595 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2125_1994_tb04361_x crossref_primary_10_1016_S0891_5520_20_30591_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_21548331_1992_11705597 crossref_primary_10_1002_em_20298 crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2010_0064 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_307_6916_1422_c crossref_primary_10_1016_S0264_410X_02_00243_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_0022_1759_92_90187_X crossref_primary_10_1136_sti_67_2_162 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF02115785 crossref_primary_10_1016_0197_2456_92_90027_W crossref_primary_10_1097_00002030_199814000_00009 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0248_8663_10_80031_1 crossref_primary_10_1158_1078_0432_CCR_12_0110 crossref_primary_10_1016_1054_139X_93_90102_U crossref_primary_10_1007_BF02229156 crossref_primary_10_1128_AAC_01626_06 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF01647415 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1468_1293_2007_00444_x crossref_primary_10_7326_0003_4819_117_6_487 crossref_primary_10_1016_0952_7915_91_90017_U crossref_primary_10_1002_phar_2333 crossref_primary_10_1128_AAC_47_1_255_261_2003 crossref_primary_10_1006_clin_1998_4570 crossref_primary_10_1016_0740_5472_94_90102_3 crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJM199212243272604 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0019947 crossref_primary_10_1002_j_1552_4604_1994_tb02040_x crossref_primary_10_1086_646799 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1055_3290_97_80011_8 crossref_primary_10_1177_106002809502907_821 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_307_6916_1423_a crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_307_6916_1423 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_307_6916_1423_b crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1745_7599_1996_tb00672_x crossref_primary_10_1007_BF02888599 crossref_primary_10_1128_AAC_00054_08 crossref_primary_10_1177_009286159402800320 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0030_6665_20_30888_4 crossref_primary_10_1093_oxfordjournals_annonc_a059067 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0196_0644_05_81080_7 crossref_primary_10_1177_106002809202600609 crossref_primary_10_1016_0011_5029_92_90027_M crossref_primary_10_1177_135965359800300101 crossref_primary_10_1016_0016_5085_92_91705_9 crossref_primary_10_1177_10529002013003004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_antiviral_2006_03_012 crossref_primary_10_1097_00002030_200007070_00010 crossref_primary_10_1080_01621459_1992_10475258 crossref_primary_10_1002_jps_23624 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0338_9898_96_80204_6 crossref_primary_10_1074_jbc_275_5_3421 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF01962549 crossref_primary_10_1002__SICI_1099_1654_199609_6_3_163__AID_RMV173_3_0_CO_2_L crossref_primary_10_1016_0166_3542_95_00905_1 crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_4780130505 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0749_0704_18_30214_8 crossref_primary_10_1097_00002030_200007070_00007 crossref_primary_10_1021_jo991212l crossref_primary_10_1080_25787489_2020_1766864 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2710_1993_tb00875_x |
| Cites_doi | 10.1093/infdis/159.5.822 10.1001/archinte.148.10.2151 10.1038/325773a0 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)91179-8 10.1016/S0163-4453(89)80084-2 10.7326/0003-4819-111-3-223 10.1056/NEJM199010113231501 10.1056/NEJM198701083160201 10.1056/NEJM198710293171804 10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-534 10.1056/NEJM198707233170401 10.1001/jama.260.20.3009 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92903-0 10.1056/NEJM198707233170402 10.1056/NEJM199001183220304 10.1136/bmj.296.6624.745 10.1001/jama.262.17.2405 10.1056/NEJM198912143212402 10.1056/NEJM199001183220305 10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-175 10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-502 10.1001/jama.257.3.331 10.1001/jama.262.1.64 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)91219-6 10.1056/NEJM199004053221401 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 1993 INIST-CNRS Copyright Massachusetts Medical Society Oct 11, 1990 Copyright Massachusetts Medical Society, Publishing Division Oct 11, 1990 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 1993 INIST-CNRS – notice: Copyright Massachusetts Medical Society Oct 11, 1990 – notice: Copyright Massachusetts Medical Society, Publishing Division Oct 11, 1990 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7RV 7X7 7XB 8AO 8C1 8FE 8FH 8FI ABUWG AFKRA AN0 AZQEC BBNVY BEC BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ K0Y LK8 M0R M0T M1P M2M M2O M2P M7P MBDVC NAPCQ PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PSYQQ Q9U 7U9 H94 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1056/NEJM199010113231502 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Pascal-Francis Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Nursing & Allied Health Database Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Pharma Collection Public Health Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Journals ProQuest Hospital Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Central UK/Ireland British Nursing Database ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection eLibrary ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library SciTech Premium Collection New England Journal of Medicine Biological Sciences Consumer Health Database Healthcare Administration Database Medical Database Psychology Database Research Library Science Database Biological Science Database Research Library (Corporate) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Psychology ProQuest Central Basic Virology and AIDS Abstracts AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) ProQuest One Psychology Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials elibrary ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing New England Journal of Medicine ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest Family Health ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition British Nursing Index with Full Text ProQuest Health Management ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest Psychology Journals ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest One Psychology MEDLINE ProQuest One Psychology |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1533-4406 |
| EndPage | 1021 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 2835343 1977080 4613972 10_1056_NEJM199010113231502 NJ199010113231502 |
| Genre | Original Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S Comparative Study Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Journal Article General Information |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: AI-27673 – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: AI-27670 – fundername: NIAID NIH HHS grantid: AI-27664 |
| GroupedDBID | - 08R 0R 0WA 123 186 1KJ 1VV 2KS 2WC 34G 3O- 3V. 4 4.4 53G 55 5D0 5RE 7FN 7RV 7X7 85S 8AO 8C1 8FE 8FH 8FI 8RP 8WZ A6W AACLI AAEJM AAIKC AALRV AAPBV AAQQT AARDX AASXA AAUTI AAWTL ABACO ABEHJ ABFLS ABIVO ABOCM ABPPZ ABPTK ABQES ABQIJ ABUFD ABUWG ABWJO ACGFS ACGOD ACJLH ACNCT ACPRK ACPVT ACRZS ACVYA ADBBV ADCBC AENEX AETEA AFDAS AFFDN AFFNX AFKRA AFMIJ AGNAY AHMBA AHVBC AIKQT AJJEV AJUXI AJYGW ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AN0 AQUVI AZQEC BBAFP BBNVY BCU BENPR BHPHI BKEYQ BKNYI BNQBC BPHCQ BVXVI C45 CJ0 CO CS3 DCD DU5 DWQXO DZ EBS EJD ET EX3 F5P FD8 FM. FYUFA G8K GJ GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ HZ IH2 J5H K-O K78 KM KOO L7B LK8 M0R M0T M1P M2M M2O M2P M7P MBDVC MVM N9A NEJ NHB O0- O9- OHM OHT OK1 OMK OVD P-O P2P PADUT PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PROAC PSQYO QZG RHI RWL RXW S6N SJFOW SJN TAE TAF TN5 TWZ U1N UCV UHB UKR VQA W2G WH7 WOW X X7M XFK XJT XZL YCJ YHZ YNT YQJ YZZ ZA5 ZGI ZHY ZKB ZXP --- -DZ -ET -~X .-4 .55 .CO .GJ 0R~ 1CY 36B AAMNW AAYXX ABBLC ABCQX ABDPE ABDQB ABJNI ACKOT ACPFK ADRHT ADUKH ADXHL AERZD AFOSN AGFXO AGHSJ ALIPV BYPQX CCPQU CITATION HF~ HMCUK HZ~ NAPCQ PHGZM PHGZT PSYQQ TEORI TUQ UKHRP XOL YR2 YR5 YYP ZCA ZR0 ZVN ~KM 29N 39C 41~ 6TJ 9M8 AAQOH ABEFU ACTDY AFHKK D0S FA8 H13 IQODW LPU MQT N4W PCD PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB QJJ S10 SKT UBX UMD UQL WHG WOQ XYN YFH YQI YRY YYQ CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7XB BEC K0Y PKEHL Q9U 7U9 H94 PUEGO 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c535t-cc69b427a552175eb01d5f1cb84977bb287b2e752e2a880cedc2cb31428b7b2a3 |
| IEDL.DBID | 7X7 |
| ISSN | 0028-4793 |
| IngestDate | Fri Sep 05 03:27:12 EDT 2025 Fri Sep 05 08:56:16 EDT 2025 Sat Aug 23 13:08:02 EDT 2025 Sat Aug 23 13:16:52 EDT 2025 Tue Aug 05 11:37:54 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 09:17:29 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:04:25 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 04:24:03 EDT 2025 Wed Nov 11 00:32:50 EST 2020 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 15 |
| Keywords | Infection Virus Human Chemotherapy Treatment Viral disease Retroviridae Lentivirinae AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus Posology |
| Language | English |
| License | CC BY 4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c535t-cc69b427a552175eb01d5f1cb84977bb287b2e752e2a880cedc2cb31428b7b2a3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-General Information-1 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199010113231502?articleTools=true |
| PMID | 1977080 |
| PQID | 1983414555 |
| PQPubID | 40644 |
| PageCount | 7 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_80044736 proquest_miscellaneous_15795599 proquest_journals_223956239 proquest_journals_1983414555 pubmed_primary_1977080 pascalfrancis_primary_4613972 crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJM199010113231502 crossref_citationtrail_10_1056_NEJM199010113231502 mms_nejm_10_1056_NEJM199010113231502 |
| ProviderPackageCode | DCD 7FN CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 1900 |
| PublicationDate | 1990-10-11 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 1990-10-11 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 1990 text: 1990-10-11 day: 11 |
| PublicationDecade | 1990 |
| PublicationPlace | Boston, MA |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Boston, MA – name: United States – name: Boston |
| PublicationTitle | The New England journal of medicine |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | N Engl J Med |
| PublicationYear | 1990 |
| Publisher | Massachusetts Medical Society |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Massachusetts Medical Society |
| References | Jackson (r023) 1988; 108 Steinberg (r022) 1989; 2 r020 r021 r001 Surbone (r010) 1988; 108 r017 r018 r019 r013 r014 r015 r016 Gill (r006) 1987; 107 r011 r012 r007 r008 Masur (r028) 1989; 111 r009 r002 r024 r003 r025 r004 r026 r005 r027 2053945 - N Engl J Med. 1991 Apr 4;324(14):994-6 |
| References_xml | – ident: r009 – ident: r025 doi: 10.1093/infdis/159.5.822 – ident: r024 doi: 10.1001/archinte.148.10.2151 – ident: r008 doi: 10.1038/325773a0 – ident: r012 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)91179-8 – ident: r013 doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(89)80084-2 – volume: 111 start-page: 223 year: 1989 ident: r028 publication-title: Ann Intern Med doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-111-3-223 – ident: r016 doi: 10.1056/NEJM199010113231501 – ident: r017 doi: 10.1056/NEJM198701083160201 – ident: r019 doi: 10.1056/NEJM198710293171804 – volume: 108 start-page: 534 year: 1988 ident: r010 publication-title: Ann Intern Med doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-534 – ident: r001 doi: 10.1056/NEJM198707233170401 – ident: r002 doi: 10.1001/jama.260.20.3009 – ident: r005 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92903-0 – ident: r004 doi: 10.1056/NEJM198707233170402 – ident: r027 doi: 10.1056/NEJM199001183220304 – ident: r011 – volume: 2 start-page: 229 year: 1989 ident: r022 publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr – ident: r020 doi: 10.1136/bmj.296.6624.745 – ident: r007 doi: 10.1001/jama.262.17.2405 – ident: r014 doi: 10.1056/NEJM198912143212402 – ident: r021 doi: 10.1056/NEJM199001183220305 – volume: 108 start-page: 175 year: 1988 ident: r023 publication-title: Ann Intern Med doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-175 – volume: 107 start-page: 502 year: 1987 ident: r006 publication-title: Ann Intern Med doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-502 – ident: r018 doi: 10.1001/jama.257.3.331 – ident: r015 doi: 10.1001/jama.262.1.64 – ident: r026 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)91219-6 – ident: r003 doi: 10.1056/NEJM199004053221401 – reference: 2053945 - N Engl J Med. 1991 Apr 4;324(14):994-6 |
| SSID | ssj0000149 |
| Score | 1.7632684 |
| Snippet | ZIDOVUDINE prolongs survival in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and delays the progression of HIV infection.
1
2
3
The... Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high doses. Regimens are... Abstract Background. Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high... Abstract Background . Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high... Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high doses. We conducted a... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed pascalfrancis crossref mms |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 1015 |
| SubjectTerms | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Acyclovir Acyclovir - administration & dosage Adult AIDS AIDS-Related Complex - drug therapy Antigenemia Antiretroviral drugs Biological and medical sciences CD4 antigen CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell number Drug Administration Schedule Drug dosages Drug Evaluation Drug Therapy, Combination Fatigue Female Gene Products, gag - analysis HIV HIV Core Protein p24 Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immunodeficiencies Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies Immunopathology Laboratories Leukocyte Count Male Medical sciences Pilot Projects Plasma Random Allocation Toxicity Viral Core Proteins - analysis Viremia Zidovudine Zidovudine - administration & dosage Zidovudine - adverse effects Zidovudine - therapeutic use |
| Title | A Pilot Study of Low-Dose Zidovudine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection |
| URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199010113231502 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1977080 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1983414555 https://www.proquest.com/docview/223956239 https://www.proquest.com/docview/15795599 https://www.proquest.com/docview/80044736 |
| Volume | 323 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3db9QwDLfYJiFeEF8Txz7Iwx6Jdk2bpH1CY2zaEDtNiKETL1W-Kh3aNWO9A_HfY_dyNybgXvpiN2ptJ_4ldmyAg6FV3nvjeFN5zwuVW26bMnCrc9NUmRlaQbeRL0bq7Kr4MJbjdODWpbTK5ZrYL9Q-OjojP8TNMS64hZTy7c13Tl2jKLqaWmhswFZfugztWY_1H-WjEvxNJ0jLqkNSHVKn-YxiQkNqtZ4jLBL3PNPGdNpRnqTpUFTNosfF_0Fo74xOn8DjhCLZ0ULtT-FBaJ_Bw4sUJ38OoyN2ObmOM0Zpgr9YbNjH-JO_j11gXyc-_pijxwps0rL-DJ-d0yWR6ANVk6CrmOzL5HbesfOUqNW-gKvTk8_HZzx1TuBO5nLGnVOVLYQ2Er2zlsEOMy-bzNmyQLxnLW6TrAhaiiAMTmAXvBPO5lR9zSLF5Nuw2cY2vASmbCNUWTZIUoU32qoglUMm3OkguFEDEEup1S6VFafuFtd1H96Wqv6HqAfwZvXSzaKqxnr2A1RH3YZv0_Vse_f0tRq6UIRzkb671F-dZmpX39nVAHb-JiN6qggiVgN4vaLiDKSwimlDnOMIUlMZvzUcJYXNdY6y2l5Yzd1PozoQs79a_2U78Ih-lVxmlu3C5ux2HvYQC83sfm_w-CyPs33Yencyuvz0G31fAjE |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1LT9tAEB5BkNpeUGmLmgJlD_RWi3jtXduHCtECSkoSoQoq1Iu7L0upiA04KeJP8Rs7E9uhiDY3zrNeeXdmd77ZeQHsdLS01irjZYm1XigD7eksdp6OApUlvupoTtnIg6HsnoVfz8X5Etw1uTAUVtncibOL2haG3sh30TjGCzcUQuxdXnnUNYq8q00LjUosjt3tDZps5afeAfL3A-dHh6dful7dVcAzIhATzxiZ6JBHSqDmioTTHd-KzDc6DhELaY0mhOYuEtxxhcJtnDXc6IAqk2mkqADnXYaVkDJaW7Dy-XB48u2vglU14K7frJo6R0LuUm97n7xQHWruHiAQ4w904fJ4XFJkpiqROVnVVeP_sHem_o5ewmqNW9l-JWhrsOTyV_BsUHvmX8Nwn52MLooJo8DEW1ZkrF_ceAdF6diPkS1-T1FHOjbK2cxrwHqUllJYR_UrKPmTfR9dT0vWq0PD8jdw9iS7ug6tvMjdW2BSZ1zGcYYkGVoVaemENDgIbSuEU7INvNm11NSFzKmfxkU6c6gLmf5jq9vwcf7RZVXHY_HwHWRHmrtf48XDth7waz51KAlZI32z4V9a3w1lei_Jbdh4TEa8lhAoTdqwPafimSdHjspdMcUZRESFAxeMiMlRHwW4V-uV1NwvGtmBVsK7xX-2Dc-7p4N-2u8NjzfgBS2bFLbvb0Jrcj11W4jEJvp9Lf4Mfj71ifsDlHs-Jw |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1LT9tAEB4BlVAvFX2gpkDZA73VSrz27toHhFDTiBSIOJQq6sX1PiwFEZvipIi_xq_rjB-hCJob51mvvDuzO9_svAD2elpaa1PjZbG1XigD7ekscp5WQZrFftrTnLKRT0fy6Dz8NhbjFbhrc2EorLK9E6uL2haG3si7aBzjhRsKIbpZExZx1h8cXP32qIMUeVrbdhq1iBy72xs038r9YR95_YnzwdfvX468psOAZ0QgZp4xMtYhV6lALaaE0z3fisw3OgoRF2mN5oTmTgnueIqCbpw13OiAqpRppKQBzrsKL1SAqArPkhqrf0pXNdC7eb1qKx4J2aUu9z75o3rU5j1ASMYfaMXV6bSkGM20RDZldX-N_wPgShEONuBVg2DZYS1yr2HF5W9g_bTx0b-F0SE7m1wWM0YhiresyNhJceP1i9KxnxNb_JmjtnRskrPKf8CGlKBSWEeVLCgNlP2YXM9LNmyCxPJ3cP4se7oJa3mRu_fApM64jKIMSTK0qdLSCWlwEFpZCKxkB3i7a4lpSppTZ43LpHKtC5k8sdUd-Lz46Kqu6LF8-B6yI8ndxXT5sJ0H_FpMHUrC2EjfbvmXNLdEmdzLdAe2HpMRucUET-MO7C6oePrJpZPmrpjjDEJRCcElIyJy2asA92qzlpr7RSM70F74sPzPdmEdz1lyMhwdb8FLWjVpbt_fhrXZ9dztICSb6Y-V7DP49dyH7S8tfkDu |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Pilot+Study+of+Low-Dose+Zidovudine+in+Human+Immunodeficiency+Virus+Infection&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.au=Collier%2C+Ann+C&rft.au=Bozzette%2C+Samuel&rft.au=Coombs%2C+Robert+W&rft.au=Causey%2C+Dennis+M&rft.date=1990-10-11&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Medical+Society&rft.issn=0028-4793&rft.eissn=1533-4406&rft.volume=323&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1015&rft.epage=1021&rft_id=info:doi/10.1056%2FNEJM199010113231502&rft.externalDocID=NJ199010113231502 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0028-4793&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0028-4793&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0028-4793&client=summon |