MVA-BN vaccine effectiveness: A systematic review of real-world evidence in outbreak settings

Background: Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is currently experiencing its largest outbreak yet. The vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is approved for a...

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Published inVaccine Vol. 42; no. 26; p. 126409
Main Authors Mason, Lauren M.K., Betancur, Estefania, Riera-Montes, Margarita, Lienert, Florian, Scheele, Suzanne
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 02.12.2024
Elsevier Limited
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0264-410X
1873-2518
1873-2518
DOI10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126409

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Abstract Background: Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is currently experiencing its largest outbreak yet. The vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is approved for active immunization against mpox and smallpox. Since the outbreak in 2022, real-world studies have assessed MVA-BN's vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mpox, and this systematic literature review aims to summarize the most current evidence. Methods: Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and LILACS were searched, as well as grey literature sources and publications' bibliographies to identify observational studies published between 1/Jan/2022 and 28/Feb/2024 that estimate the VE of MVA-BN against mpox or provide risk measures that allow calculation of these VE estimates. Data were presented descriptively in tables and text; the methodological quality of included records was assessed using NHLBI/NIH quality assessment tools. Results: The literature search identified 16 records that fit the inclusion criteria. The studies took place in high-income countries and were heterogeneous in design, setting, and definition of at-risk populations. MVA-BN VE estimates against mpox infection were assessed. Where the study population was exclusively or primarily those receiving pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination, the adjusted VE estimates ranged from 35 % to 86 % (n = 8 studies) for one dose and from 66 % to 90 % (n = 5) for two doses. Where only post-exposure prophylactic vaccination was assessed, adjusted VE estimates were reported for one dose only at 78 % and 89 % (n = 2). Additionally, MVA-BN reduced the risk of mpox-related hospitalization in one study and the severity of mpox clinical manifestations in two studies. Conclusions: Despite heterogeneity in study design, setting, and at-risk populations, the reported VE estimates against mpox infection demonstrated the effectiveness of one or two doses of MVA-BN in the context of an outbreak across multiple countries. •We reviewed real-world evidence on the vaccine effectiveness of MVA-BN against mpox•Eligible studies were heterogeneous in design, setting, and at-risk populations•MVA-BN vaccination reduced the risk of mpox infections and hospitalization•MVA-BN vaccination reduced the severity of mpox clinical manifestations•Real-world evidence supports the use of MVA-BN for mpox outbreak control
AbstractList Background: Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is currently experiencing its largest outbreak yet. The vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is approved for active immunization against mpox and smallpox. Since the outbreak in 2022, real-world studies have assessed MVA-BN's vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mpox, and this systematic literature review aims to summarize the most current evidence. Methods: Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and LILACS were searched, as well as grey literature sources and publications' bibliographies to identify observational studies published between 1/Jan/2022 and 28/Feb/2024 that estimate the VE of MVA-BN against mpox or provide risk measures that allow calculation of these VE estimates. Data were presented descriptively in tables and text; the methodological quality of included records was assessed using NHLBI/NIH quality assessment tools. Results: The literature search identified 16 records that fit the inclusion criteria. The studies took place in high-income countries and were heterogeneous in design, setting, and definition of at-risk populations. MVA-BN VE estimates against mpox infection were assessed. Where the study population was exclusively or primarily those receiving pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination, the adjusted VE estimates ranged from 35 % to 86 % (n = 8 studies) for one dose and from 66 % to 90 % (n = 5) for two doses. Where only post-exposure prophylactic vaccination was assessed, adjusted VE estimates were reported for one dose only at 78 % and 89 % (n = 2). Additionally, MVA-BN reduced the risk of mpox-related hospitalization in one study and the severity of mpox clinical manifestations in two studies. Conclusions: Despite heterogeneity in study design, setting, and at-risk populations, the reported VE estimates against mpox infection demonstrated the effectiveness of one or two doses of MVA-BN in the context of an outbreak across multiple countries. •We reviewed real-world evidence on the vaccine effectiveness of MVA-BN against mpox•Eligible studies were heterogeneous in design, setting, and at-risk populations•MVA-BN vaccination reduced the risk of mpox infections and hospitalization•MVA-BN vaccination reduced the severity of mpox clinical manifestations•Real-world evidence supports the use of MVA-BN for mpox outbreak control
Background: Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is currently experiencing its largest outbreak yet. The vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is approved for active immunization against mpox and smallpox. Since the outbreak in 2022, real-world studies have assessed MVA-BN's vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mpox, and this systematic literature review aims to summarize the most current evidence. Methods: Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and LILACS were searched, as well as grey literature sources and publications' bibliographies to identify observational studies published between 1/Jan/2022 and 28/Feb/2024 that estimate the VE of MVA-BN against mpox or provide risk measures that allow calculation of these VE estimates. Data were presented descriptively in tables and text; the methodological quality of included records was assessed using NHLBI/NIH quality assessment tools. Results: The literature search identified 16 records that fit the inclusion criteria. The studies took place in high-income countries and were heterogeneous in design, setting, and definition of at-risk populations. MVA-BN VE estimates against mpox infection were assessed. Where the study population was exclusively or primarily those receiving pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination, the adjusted VE estimates ranged from 35 % to 86 % (n = 8 studies) for one dose and from 66 % to 90 % (n = 5) for two doses. Where only post-exposure prophylactic vaccination was assessed, adjusted VE estimates were reported for one dose only at 78 % and 89 % (n = 2). Additionally, MVA-BN reduced the risk of mpox-related hospitalization in one study and the severity of mpox clinical manifestations in two studies. Conclusions: Despite heterogeneity in study design, setting, and at-risk populations, the reported VE estimates against mpox infection demonstrated the effectiveness of one or two doses of MVA-BN in the context of an outbreak across multiple countries.
AbstractBackground: Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is currently experiencing its largest outbreak yet. The vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is approved for active immunization against mpox and smallpox. Since the outbreak in 2022, real-world studies have assessed MVA-BN's vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mpox, and this systematic literature review aims to summarize the most current evidence. Methods: Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and LILACS were searched, as well as grey literature sources and publications' bibliographies to identify observational studies published between 1/Jan/2022 and 28/Feb/2024 that estimate the VE of MVA-BN against mpox or provide risk measures that allow calculation of these VE estimates. Data were presented descriptively in tables and text; the methodological quality of included records was assessed using NHLBI/NIH quality assessment tools. Results: The literature search identified 16 records that fit the inclusion criteria. The studies took place in high-income countries and were heterogeneous in design, setting, and definition of at-risk populations. MVA-BN VE estimates against mpox infection were assessed. Where the study population was exclusively or primarily those receiving pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination, the adjusted VE estimates ranged from 35 % to 86 % ( n = 8 studies) for one dose and from 66 % to 90 % ( n = 5) for two doses. Where only post-exposure prophylactic vaccination was assessed, adjusted VE estimates were reported for one dose only at 78 % and 89 % ( n = 2). Additionally, MVA-BN reduced the risk of mpox-related hospitalization in one study and the severity of mpox clinical manifestations in two studies. Conclusions: Despite heterogeneity in study design, setting, and at-risk populations, the reported VE estimates against mpox infection demonstrated the effectiveness of one or two doses of MVA-BN in the context of an outbreak across multiple countries.
Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is currently experiencing its largest outbreak yet. The vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is approved for active immunization against mpox and smallpox. Since the outbreak in 2022, real-world studies have assessed MVA-BN's vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mpox, and this systematic literature review aims to summarize the most current evidence. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and LILACS were searched, as well as grey literature sources and publications' bibliographies to identify observational studies published between 1/Jan/2022 and 28/Feb/2024 that estimate the VE of MVA-BN against mpox or provide risk measures that allow calculation of these VE estimates. Data were presented descriptively in tables and text; the methodological quality of included records was assessed using NHLBI/NIH quality assessment tools. The literature search identified 16 records that fit the inclusion criteria. The studies took place in high-income countries and were heterogeneous in design, setting, and definition of at-risk populations. MVA-BN VE estimates against mpox infection were assessed. Where the study population was exclusively or primarily those receiving pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination, the adjusted VE estimates ranged from 35 % to 86 % (n = 8 studies) for one dose and from 66 % to 90 % (n = 5) for two doses. Where only post-exposure prophylactic vaccination was assessed, adjusted VE estimates were reported for one dose only at 78 % and 89 % (n = 2). Additionally, MVA-BN reduced the risk of mpox-related hospitalization in one study and the severity of mpox clinical manifestations in two studies. Despite heterogeneity in study design, setting, and at-risk populations, the reported VE estimates against mpox infection demonstrated the effectiveness of one or two doses of MVA-BN in the context of an outbreak across multiple countries.
Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is currently experiencing its largest outbreak yet. The vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is approved for active immunization against mpox and smallpox. Since the outbreak in 2022, real-world studies have assessed MVA-BN's vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mpox, and this systematic literature review aims to summarize the most current evidence.BACKGROUNDMpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is currently experiencing its largest outbreak yet. The vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is approved for active immunization against mpox and smallpox. Since the outbreak in 2022, real-world studies have assessed MVA-BN's vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mpox, and this systematic literature review aims to summarize the most current evidence.Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and LILACS were searched, as well as grey literature sources and publications' bibliographies to identify observational studies published between 1/Jan/2022 and 28/Feb/2024 that estimate the VE of MVA-BN against mpox or provide risk measures that allow calculation of these VE estimates. Data were presented descriptively in tables and text; the methodological quality of included records was assessed using NHLBI/NIH quality assessment tools.METHODSMedline (via PubMed), Embase, and LILACS were searched, as well as grey literature sources and publications' bibliographies to identify observational studies published between 1/Jan/2022 and 28/Feb/2024 that estimate the VE of MVA-BN against mpox or provide risk measures that allow calculation of these VE estimates. Data were presented descriptively in tables and text; the methodological quality of included records was assessed using NHLBI/NIH quality assessment tools.The literature search identified 16 records that fit the inclusion criteria. The studies took place in high-income countries and were heterogeneous in design, setting, and definition of at-risk populations. MVA-BN VE estimates against mpox infection were assessed. Where the study population was exclusively or primarily those receiving pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination, the adjusted VE estimates ranged from 35 % to 86 % (n = 8 studies) for one dose and from 66 % to 90 % (n = 5) for two doses. Where only post-exposure prophylactic vaccination was assessed, adjusted VE estimates were reported for one dose only at 78 % and 89 % (n = 2). Additionally, MVA-BN reduced the risk of mpox-related hospitalization in one study and the severity of mpox clinical manifestations in two studies.RESULTSThe literature search identified 16 records that fit the inclusion criteria. The studies took place in high-income countries and were heterogeneous in design, setting, and definition of at-risk populations. MVA-BN VE estimates against mpox infection were assessed. Where the study population was exclusively or primarily those receiving pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination, the adjusted VE estimates ranged from 35 % to 86 % (n = 8 studies) for one dose and from 66 % to 90 % (n = 5) for two doses. Where only post-exposure prophylactic vaccination was assessed, adjusted VE estimates were reported for one dose only at 78 % and 89 % (n = 2). Additionally, MVA-BN reduced the risk of mpox-related hospitalization in one study and the severity of mpox clinical manifestations in two studies.Despite heterogeneity in study design, setting, and at-risk populations, the reported VE estimates against mpox infection demonstrated the effectiveness of one or two doses of MVA-BN in the context of an outbreak across multiple countries.CONCLUSIONSDespite heterogeneity in study design, setting, and at-risk populations, the reported VE estimates against mpox infection demonstrated the effectiveness of one or two doses of MVA-BN in the context of an outbreak across multiple countries.
ArticleNumber 126409
Author Lienert, Florian
Mason, Lauren M.K.
Scheele, Suzanne
Riera-Montes, Margarita
Betancur, Estefania
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  givenname: Estefania
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  givenname: Florian
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  fullname: Lienert, Florian
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  organization: Bavarian Nordic Switzerland AG, Zug, Switzerland
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Suzanne
  surname: Scheele
  fullname: Scheele, Suzanne
  organization: Bavarian Nordic, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, United States of America
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39413490$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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IsDoiOpenAccess true
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IsScholarly true
Issue 26
Keywords Mpox
Sexually transmitted infection
Immunization
Monkeypox virus
Pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination
Post-exposure prophylactic vaccination
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Snippet Background: Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic...
AbstractBackground: Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic...
Mpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is...
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StartPage 126409
SubjectTerms Allergy and Immunology
At risk populations
Bibliographic literature
Clinical trials
Data collection
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo - epidemiology
Disease control
Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control
Effectiveness
Epidemics
Estimates
Heterogeneity
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immune system
Immunization
Infections
Literature reviews
Medical research
Medical Subject Headings-MeSH
Meta-analysis
Monkeypox virus
Mpox
Mpox (monkeypox) - prevention & control
Observational studies
Outbreaks
Population studies
Populations
Post-exposure prophylactic vaccination
Pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination
Public health
Quality assessment
Quality control
Ratios
risk
Sexually transmitted diseases
Sexually transmitted infection
Smallpox
Smallpox - epidemiology
Smallpox - immunology
Smallpox - prevention & control
Smallpox Vaccine - administration & dosage
Smallpox Vaccine - immunology
STD
Subject heading schemes
Systematic review
vaccination
Vaccination - methods
Vaccine Efficacy
Vaccines
Vaccinia
Vaccinia - epidemiology
Vaccinia - immunology
Vaccinia - prevention & control
Viral diseases
Viruses
Western Africa
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Title MVA-BN vaccine effectiveness: A systematic review of real-world evidence in outbreak settings
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