The relationship between dietary fatty acids and inflammatory genes on the obese phenotype and serum lipids

Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is associated with the development of many comorbidities including dyslipidemia. This review examines interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the inflammatory genes tumor necrosis alpha (TNFA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and diet...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 5; no. 5; pp. 1672 - 1705
Main Authors Joffe, Yael T, Collins, Malcolm, Goedecke, Julia H
Format Journal Article Book Review
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 21.05.2013
MDPI
Subjects
adipose tissue
Adiposity - genetics
Animals
dietary fat
Dietary Fats - blood
Dietary Fats - pharmacology
dyslipidemia
ethnicity
Fatty Acids - blood
Fatty Acids - pharmacology
Gene Expression - drug effects
Genotype
Humans
inflammation
Inflammation - blood
Inflammation - genetics
Interleukin-6 - blood
Interleukin-6 - genetics
Obesity - blood
Obesity - genetics
Phenotype
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Review
SNP
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics
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Abstract Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is associated with the development of many comorbidities including dyslipidemia. This review examines interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the inflammatory genes tumor necrosis alpha (TNFA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dietary fatty acids, and their relationship with obesity and serum lipid levels. In summary, dietary fatty acids, in particular saturated fatty acids and the omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, impact the expression of the cytokine genes TNFA and IL-6, and alter TNFα and IL-6 production. In addition, sequence variants in these genes have also been shown to alter their gene expression and plasma levels, and are associated with obesity, measures of adiposity and serum lipid concentrations. When interactions between dietary fatty acids and TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid were analyzed, both the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids modulated the relationship between TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid profiles, thereby impacting the association between phenotype and genotype. Researching these diet-gene interactions more extensively, and understanding the role of ethnicity as a confounder in these relationships, may contribute to a better understanding of the inter-individual variability in the obese phenotype.
AbstractList Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is associated with the development of many comorbidities including dyslipidemia. This review examines interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the inflammatory genes tumor necrosis alpha (TNFA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dietary fatty acids, and their relationship with obesity and serum lipid levels. In summary, dietary fatty acids, in particular saturated fatty acids and the omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, impact the expression of the cytokine genes TNFA and IL-6, and alter TNFα and IL-6 production. In addition, sequence variants in these genes have also been shown to alter their gene expression and plasma levels, and are associated with obesity, measures of adiposity and serum lipid concentrations. When interactions between dietary fatty acids and TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid were analyzed, both the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids modulated the relationship between TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid profiles, thereby impacting the association between phenotype and genotype. Researching these diet-gene interactions more extensively, and understanding the role of ethnicity as a confounder in these relationships, may contribute to a better understanding of the inter-individual variability in the obese phenotype.
Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is associated with the development of many comorbidities including dyslipidemia. This review examines interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the inflammatory genes tumor necrosis alpha ( TNFA ) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) and dietary fatty acids, and their relationship with obesity and serum lipid levels. In summary, dietary fatty acids, in particular saturated fatty acids and the omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, impact the expression of the cytokine genes TNFA and IL-6 , and alter TNFα and IL-6 production. In addition, sequence variants in these genes have also been shown to alter their gene expression and plasma levels, and are associated with obesity, measures of adiposity and serum lipid concentrations. When interactions between dietary fatty acids and TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid were analyzed, both the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids modulated the relationship between TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid profiles, thereby impacting the association between phenotype and genotype. Researching these diet–gene interactions more extensively, and understanding the role of ethnicity as a confounder in these relationships, may contribute to a better understanding of the inter-individual variability in the obese phenotype.
Author Collins, Malcolm
Goedecke, Julia H
Joffe, Yael T
AuthorAffiliation 2 South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow vallei, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
1 UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3rd Floor, SSISA, Boundary Rd, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; E-Mails: yael.joffe@gmail.com (Y.T.J.); malcolm.collins@uct.ac.za (M.C.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3rd Floor, SSISA, Boundary Rd, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; E-Mails: yael.joffe@gmail.com (Y.T.J.); malcolm.collins@uct.ac.za (M.C.)
– name: 2 South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow vallei, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Yael T
  surname: Joffe
  fullname: Joffe, Yael T
  email: yael.joffe@gmail.com
  organization: UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3rd Floor, SSISA, Boundary Rd, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa. yael.joffe@gmail.com
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Malcolm
  surname: Collins
  fullname: Collins, Malcolm
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Julia H
  surname: Goedecke
  fullname: Goedecke, Julia H
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23698162$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is associated with the development of many comorbidities including dyslipidemia. This review examines...
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StartPage 1672
SubjectTerms adipose tissue
Adiposity - genetics
Animals
dietary fat
Dietary Fats - blood
Dietary Fats - pharmacology
dyslipidemia
ethnicity
Fatty Acids - blood
Fatty Acids - pharmacology
Gene Expression - drug effects
Genotype
Humans
inflammation
Inflammation - blood
Inflammation - genetics
Interleukin-6 - blood
Interleukin-6 - genetics
Obesity - blood
Obesity - genetics
Phenotype
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Review
SNP
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics
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Title The relationship between dietary fatty acids and inflammatory genes on the obese phenotype and serum lipids
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23698162
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