Sex‐Based Disparities in Liver Transplant Rates in the United States
We sought to characterize sex‐based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used to analyze n = 78 998 adult candidates listed before (8/1997–2/2002) or after (2/2002–2/2007) implementation of Model for End‐Stage Liver Dis...
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| Published in | American journal of transplantation Vol. 11; no. 7; pp. 1435 - 1443 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Malden, USA
Blackwell Publishing Inc
01.07.2011
Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1600-6135 1600-6143 1600-6143 |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03498.x |
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| Abstract | We sought to characterize sex‐based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used to analyze n = 78 998 adult candidates listed before (8/1997–2/2002) or after (2/2002–2/2007) implementation of Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD)‐based liver allocation. The primary outcome was deceased donor liver transplantation. Cox regression was used to estimate covariate‐adjusted differences in transplant rates by sex. Females represented 38% of listed patients in the pre‐MELD era and 35% in the MELD era. Females had significantly lower covariate‐adjusted transplant rates in the pre‐MELD era (by 9%; p < 0.0001) and in the MELD era (by 14%; p < 0.0001). In the MELD era, the disparity in transplant rate for females increased as waiting list mortality risk increased, particularly for MELD scores ≥15. Substantial geographic variation in sex‐based differences in transplant rates was observed. Some areas of the United States had more than a 30% lower covariate‐adjusted transplant rate for females compared to males in the MELD era. In conclusion, the disparity in liver transplant rates between females and males has increased in the MELD era. It is especially troubling that the disparity is magnified among patients with high MELD scores and in certain regions of the United States.
Geographically distinct, sex‐based disparities in access to liver transplantation from the waiting list are evident in the United States that persist despite accounting for numerous gender‐relevant clinical factors, and suggest gender‐based inequity in care for patients with liver disease. See editorial by Lai and Feng on page 1353. |
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| AbstractList | We sought to characterize sex-based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used to analyze n = 78 998 adult candidates listed before (8/1997-2/2002) or after (2/2002-2/2007) implementation of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-based liver allocation. The primary outcome was deceased donor liver transplantation. Cox regression was used to estimate covariate-adjusted differences in transplant rates by sex. Females represented 38% of listed patients in the pre-MELD era and 35% in the MELD era. Females had significantly lower covariate-adjusted transplant rates in the pre-MELD era (by 9%; p<0.0001) and in the MELD era (by 14%; p<0.0001). In the MELD era, the disparity in transplant rate for females increased as waiting list mortality risk increased, particularly for MELD scores greater than or equal to 15. Substantial geographic variation in sex-based differences in transplant rates was observed. Some areas of the United States had more than a 30% lower covariate-adjusted transplant rate for females compared to males in the MELD era. In conclusion, the disparity in liver transplant rates between females and males has increased in the MELD era. It is especially troubling that the disparity is magnified among patients with high MELD scores and in certain regions of the United States. Geographically distinct, sex-based disparities in access to liver transplantation from the waiting list are evident in the United States that persist despite accounting for numerous gender-relevant clinical factors, and suggest gender-based inequity in care for patients with liver disease. See editorial by Lai and Feng on page 1353. We sought to characterize sex‐based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used to analyze n = 78 998 adult candidates listed before (8/1997–2/2002) or after (2/2002–2/2007) implementation of Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD)‐based liver allocation. The primary outcome was deceased donor liver transplantation. Cox regression was used to estimate covariate‐adjusted differences in transplant rates by sex. Females represented 38% of listed patients in the pre‐MELD era and 35% in the MELD era. Females had significantly lower covariate‐adjusted transplant rates in the pre‐MELD era (by 9%; p < 0.0001) and in the MELD era (by 14%; p < 0.0001). In the MELD era, the disparity in transplant rate for females increased as waiting list mortality risk increased, particularly for MELD scores ≥15. Substantial geographic variation in sex‐based differences in transplant rates was observed. Some areas of the United States had more than a 30% lower covariate‐adjusted transplant rate for females compared to males in the MELD era. In conclusion, the disparity in liver transplant rates between females and males has increased in the MELD era. It is especially troubling that the disparity is magnified among patients with high MELD scores and in certain regions of the United States. Geographically distinct, sex‐based disparities in access to liver transplantation from the waiting list are evident in the United States that persist despite accounting for numerous gender‐relevant clinical factors, and suggest gender‐based inequity in care for patients with liver disease. See editorial by Lai and Feng on page 1353. We sought to characterize sex-based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used to analyze n = 78 998 adult candidates listed before (8/1997-2/2002) or after (2/2002-2/2007) implementation of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-based liver allocation. The primary outcome was deceased donor liver transplantation. Cox regression was used to estimate covariate-adjusted differences in transplant rates by sex. Females represented 38% of listed patients in the pre-MELD era and 35% in the MELD era. Females had significantly lower covariate-adjusted transplant rates in the pre-MELD era (by 9%; p < 0.0001) and in the MELD era (by 14%; p < 0.0001). In the MELD era, the disparity in transplant rate for females increased as waiting list mortality risk increased, particularly for MELD scores ≥15. Substantial geographic variation in sex-based differences in transplant rates was observed. Some areas of the United States had more than a 30% lower covariate-adjusted transplant rate for females compared to males in the MELD era. In conclusion, the disparity in liver transplant rates between females and males has increased in the MELD era. It is especially troubling that the disparity is magnified among patients with high MELD scores and in certain regions of the United States.We sought to characterize sex-based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used to analyze n = 78 998 adult candidates listed before (8/1997-2/2002) or after (2/2002-2/2007) implementation of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-based liver allocation. The primary outcome was deceased donor liver transplantation. Cox regression was used to estimate covariate-adjusted differences in transplant rates by sex. Females represented 38% of listed patients in the pre-MELD era and 35% in the MELD era. Females had significantly lower covariate-adjusted transplant rates in the pre-MELD era (by 9%; p < 0.0001) and in the MELD era (by 14%; p < 0.0001). In the MELD era, the disparity in transplant rate for females increased as waiting list mortality risk increased, particularly for MELD scores ≥15. Substantial geographic variation in sex-based differences in transplant rates was observed. Some areas of the United States had more than a 30% lower covariate-adjusted transplant rate for females compared to males in the MELD era. In conclusion, the disparity in liver transplant rates between females and males has increased in the MELD era. It is especially troubling that the disparity is magnified among patients with high MELD scores and in certain regions of the United States. We sought to characterize sex-based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data was used to analyze n=78,998 adult candidates listed before (8/1997–2/2002) or after (2/2002–2/2007) implementation of Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD)-based liver allocation. The primary outcome was deceased donor liver transplant. Cox regression was used to estimate covariate-adjusted differences in transplant rates by sex. Females represented 38% of listed patients in the pre-MELD era and 35% in the MELD era. Females had significantly lower covariate-adjusted transplant rates in the pre-MELD era (by 9%; p<0.0001) and in the MELD era (by 14%; p<0.0001). In the MELD era, the disparity in transplant rate for females increased as waiting list mortality risk increased, particularly for MELD scores ≥15. Substantial geographic variation in sex-based differences in transplant rates was observed. Some areas of the U.S. had more than a 30% lower covariate-adjusted transplant rate for females compared to males in the MELD era. In conclusion, the disparity in liver transplant rates between females and males has increased in the MELD era. It is especially troubling that the disparity is magnified among patients with high MELD scores and in certain regions of the U.S. We sought to characterize sex-based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used to analyze n = 78 998 adult candidates listed before (8/1997-2/2002) or after (2/2002-2/2007) implementation of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-based liver allocation. The primary outcome was deceased donor liver transplantation. Cox regression was used to estimate covariate-adjusted differences in transplant rates by sex. Females represented 38% of listed patients in the pre-MELD era and 35% in the MELD era. Females had significantly lower covariate-adjusted transplant rates in the pre-MELD era (by 9%; p < 0.0001) and in the MELD era (by 14%; p < 0.0001). In the MELD era, the disparity in transplant rate for females increased as waiting list mortality risk increased, particularly for MELD scores ≥15. Substantial geographic variation in sex-based differences in transplant rates was observed. Some areas of the United States had more than a 30% lower covariate-adjusted transplant rate for females compared to males in the MELD era. In conclusion, the disparity in liver transplant rates between females and males has increased in the MELD era. It is especially troubling that the disparity is magnified among patients with high MELD scores and in certain regions of the United States. |
| Author | Gong, Qi Merion, R. M. Schaubel, D. E. Guidinger, M. K. Mathur, A. K. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 4 Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI 3 Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Ann Arbor, MI |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI – name: 3 Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Ann Arbor, MI – name: 4 Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI – name: 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: A. K. surname: Mathur fullname: Mathur, A. K. – sequence: 2 givenname: D. E. surname: Schaubel fullname: Schaubel, D. E. – sequence: 3 givenname: Qi surname: Gong fullname: Gong, Qi – sequence: 4 givenname: M. K. surname: Guidinger fullname: Guidinger, M. K. – sequence: 5 givenname: R. M. surname: Merion fullname: Merion, R. M. |
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age with incident heart failure (from the Cardiovascular Health Study) publication-title: Am J Cardiol doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.12.043 |
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| Snippet | We sought to characterize sex‐based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used... We sought to characterize sex-based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used... We sought to characterize sex-based differences in access to deceased donor liver transplantation. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data was used... |
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| SubjectTerms | Access to transplantation Adult Biological and medical sciences disparities End Stage Liver Disease - diagnosis end‐stage liver disease Female gender health policy Humans liver transplantation Liver Transplantation - statistics & numerical data Liver, biliary tract, pancreas, portal circulation, spleen Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine sex‐related differences Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases Surgery of the digestive system United States - epidemiology Waiting Lists |
| Title | Sex‐Based Disparities in Liver Transplant Rates in the United States |
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