The Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM56 Regulates Innate Immune Responses to Intracellular Double-Stranded DNA

The innate immune system detects pathogen- and host-derived double-stranded DNA exposed to the cytosol and induces type I interferon (IFN) and other cytokines. Here, we identified interferon-inducible tripartite-motif (TRIM) 56 as a regulator of double-stranded DNA-mediated type I interferon inducti...

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Published in	Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.) Vol. 33; no. 5; pp. 765 - 776
Main Authors	Tsuchida, Tetsuo, Zou, Jian, Saitoh, Tatsuya, Kumar, Himanshu, Abe, Takayuki, Matsuura, Yoshiharu, Kawai, Taro, Akira, Shizuo
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Elsevier Inc 24.11.2010 Elsevier Limited
Subjects	Cloning Cytosol Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA - immunology Gene expression HEK293 Cells HeLa Cells Humans Immune system Immunity, Innate Interferon-beta - immunology Interferon-beta - metabolism Kinases Lysine - metabolism Membrane Proteins - metabolism Plasmids Promoter Regions, Genetic Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - immunology Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism RNA polymerase Rodents Signal transduction Tripartite Motif Proteins Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - genetics Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - metabolism Ubiquitination - immunology
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Abstract	The innate immune system detects pathogen- and host-derived double-stranded DNA exposed to the cytosol and induces type I interferon (IFN) and other cytokines. Here, we identified interferon-inducible tripartite-motif (TRIM) 56 as a regulator of double-stranded DNA-mediated type I interferon induction. TRIM56 overexpression enhanced IFN-β promoter activation after double-stranded DNA stimulation whereas TRIM56 knockdown abrogated it. TRIM56 interacted with STING and targeted it for lysine 63-linked ubiquitination. This modification induced STING dimerization, which was a prerequisite for recruitment of the antiviral kinase TBK1 and subsequent induction of IFN-β. Taken together, these results indicate that TRIM56 is an interferon-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase that modulates STING to confer double-stranded DNA-mediated innate immune responses. ► TRIM56 expression is induced by dsDNA and poly (I:C) stimulation ► TRIM56 enhanced IFN-β promoter activation after dsDNA stimulation ► TRIM56 promoted K63-linked ubiquitination and dimerization of STING ► These modifications are required to form a complex with TBK1 and induce IFN-β
AbstractList	The innate immune system detects pathogen- and host-derived double-stranded DNA exposed to the cytosol and induces type I interferon (IFN) and other cytokines. Here, we identified interferon-inducible tripartite-motif (TRIM) 56 as a regulator of double-stranded DNA-mediated type I interferon induction. TRIM56 overexpression enhanced IFN-β promoter activation after double-stranded DNA stimulation whereas TRIM56 knockdown abrogated it. TRIM56 interacted with STING and targeted it for lysine 63-linked ubiquitination. This modification induced STING dimerization, which was a prerequisite for recruitment of the antiviral kinase TBK1 and subsequent induction of IFN-β. Taken together, these results indicate that TRIM56 is an interferon-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase that modulates STING to confer double-stranded DNA-mediated innate immune responses.The innate immune system detects pathogen- and host-derived double-stranded DNA exposed to the cytosol and induces type I interferon (IFN) and other cytokines. Here, we identified interferon-inducible tripartite-motif (TRIM) 56 as a regulator of double-stranded DNA-mediated type I interferon induction. TRIM56 overexpression enhanced IFN-β promoter activation after double-stranded DNA stimulation whereas TRIM56 knockdown abrogated it. TRIM56 interacted with STING and targeted it for lysine 63-linked ubiquitination. This modification induced STING dimerization, which was a prerequisite for recruitment of the antiviral kinase TBK1 and subsequent induction of IFN-β. Taken together, these results indicate that TRIM56 is an interferon-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase that modulates STING to confer double-stranded DNA-mediated innate immune responses. The innate immune system detects pathogen- and host-derived double-stranded DNA exposed to the cytosol and induces type I interferon (IFN) and other cytokines. Here, we identified interferon-inducible tripartite-motif (TRIM) 56 as a regulator of double-stranded DNA-mediated type I interferon induction. TRIM56 overexpression enhanced IFN-β promoter activation after double-stranded DNA stimulation whereas TRIM56 knockdown abrogated it. TRIM56 interacted with STING and targeted it for lysine 63-linked ubiquitination. This modification induced STING dimerization, which was a prerequisite for recruitment of the antiviral kinase TBK1 and subsequent induction of IFN-β. Taken together, these results indicate that TRIM56 is an interferon-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase that modulates STING to confer double-stranded DNA-mediated innate immune responses. ► TRIM56 expression is induced by dsDNA and poly (I:C) stimulation ► TRIM56 enhanced IFN-β promoter activation after dsDNA stimulation ► TRIM56 promoted K63-linked ubiquitination and dimerization of STING ► These modifications are required to form a complex with TBK1 and induce IFN-β The innate immune system detects pathogen- and host-derived double-stranded DNA exposed to the cytosol and induces type I interferon (IFN) and other cytokines. Here, we identified interferon-inducible tripartite-motif (TRIM) 56 as a regulator of double-stranded DNA-mediated type I interferon induction. TRIM56 overexpression enhanced IFN- beta promoter activation after double-stranded DNA stimulation whereas TRIM56 knockdown abrogated it. TRIM56 interacted with STING and targeted it for lysine 63-linked ubiquitination. This modification induced STING dimerization, which was a prerequisite for recruitment of the antiviral kinase TBK1 and subsequent induction of IFN- beta . Taken together, these results indicate that TRIM56 is an interferon-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase that modulates STING to confer double-stranded DNA-mediated innate immune responses. The innate immune system detects pathogen- and host-derived double-stranded DNA exposed to the cytosol and induces type I interferon (IFN) and other cytokines. Here, we identified interferon-inducible tripartite-motif (TRIM) 56 as a regulator of double-stranded DNA-mediated type I interferon induction. TRIM56 overexpression enhanced IFN-β promoter activation after double-stranded DNA stimulation whereas TRIM56 knockdown abrogated it. TRIM56 interacted with STING and targeted it for lysine 63-linked ubiquitination. This modification induced STING dimerization, which was a prerequisite for recruitment of the antiviral kinase TBK1 and subsequent induction of IFN-β. Taken together, these results indicate that TRIM56 is an interferon-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase that modulates STING to confer double-stranded DNA-mediated innate immune responses.
Author	Saitoh, Tatsuya Kawai, Taro Zou, Jian Abe, Takayuki Tsuchida, Tetsuo Matsuura, Yoshiharu Kumar, Himanshu Akira, Shizuo
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Tetsuo surname: Tsuchida fullname: Tsuchida, Tetsuo organization: Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Jian surname: Zou fullname: Zou, Jian organization: Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Tatsuya surname: Saitoh fullname: Saitoh, Tatsuya organization: Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Himanshu surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Himanshu organization: Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Takayuki surname: Abe fullname: Abe, Takayuki organization: Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Yoshiharu surname: Matsuura fullname: Matsuura, Yoshiharu organization: Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Taro surname: Kawai fullname: Kawai, Taro email: tkawai@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp organization: Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: Shizuo surname: Akira fullname: Akira, Shizuo email: sakira@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp organization: Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21074459$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The innate immune system detects pathogen- and host-derived double-stranded DNA exposed to the cytosol and induces type I interferon (IFN) and other cytokines....
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SubjectTerms	Cloning Cytosol Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA - immunology Gene expression HEK293 Cells HeLa Cells Humans Immune system Immunity, Innate Interferon-beta - immunology Interferon-beta - metabolism Kinases Lysine - metabolism Membrane Proteins - metabolism Plasmids Promoter Regions, Genetic Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - immunology Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism RNA polymerase Rodents Signal transduction Tripartite Motif Proteins Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - genetics Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - metabolism Ubiquitination - immunology
Title	The Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM56 Regulates Innate Immune Responses to Intracellular Double-Stranded DNA
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