Imaging brain response to reward in addictive disorders
We compare the evidence from human neuroimaging studies for and against two of the major hypotheses of how alterations in the brain's reward system underlie addiction. One of these, the impulsivity hypothesis, proposes that addiction is characterized by excessive sensitivity to reward combined...
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| Published in | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol. 1216; no. 1; pp. 50 - 61 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Malden, USA
Blackwell Publishing Inc
01.01.2011
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | We compare the evidence from human neuroimaging studies for and against two of the major hypotheses of how alterations in the brain's reward system underlie addiction. One of these, the impulsivity hypothesis, proposes that addiction is characterized by excessive sensitivity to reward combined with a failure of inhibition. The other, the reward‐deficiency hypothesis, proposes that addicted individuals have a reduced response to nondrug rewards that leads them to seek drugs in preference to more socially acceptable goals. Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies of dopamine receptor density and dopamine release strongly support the reward‐deficiency hypothesis, while the more recent and numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of goal‐directed behavior provide both support and contradiction for each of the hypotheses. Differences in the time scale on which PET and fMRI make measurements probably account for differences in results, at least in part. It is likely that aspects of brain function described by both the impulsivity and reward‐deficiency hypotheses contribute to the pathophysiology of addiction. |
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| AbstractList | We compare the evidence from human neuroimaging studies for and against two of the major hypotheses of how alterations in the brain's reward system underlie addiction. One of these, the impulsivity hypothesis, proposes that addiction is characterized by excessive sensitivity to reward combined with a failure of inhibition. The other, the reward‐deficiency hypothesis, proposes that addicted individuals have a reduced response to nondrug rewards that leads them to seek drugs in preference to more socially acceptable goals. Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies of dopamine receptor density and dopamine release strongly support the reward‐deficiency hypothesis, while the more recent and numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of goal‐directed behavior provide both support and contradiction for each of the hypotheses. Differences in the time scale on which PET and fMRI make measurements probably account for differences in results, at least in part. It is likely that aspects of brain function described by both the impulsivity and reward‐deficiency hypotheses contribute to the pathophysiology of addiction. We compare the evidence from human neuroimaging studies for and against two of the major hypotheses of how alterations in the brain's reward system underlie addiction. One of these, the impulsivity hypothesis, proposes that addiction is characterized by excessive sensitivity to reward combined with a failure of inhibition. The other, the reward-deficiency hypothesis, proposes that addicted individuals have a reduced response to nondrug rewards that leads them to seek drugs in preference to more socially acceptable goals. Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies of dopamine receptor density and dopamine release strongly support the reward-deficiency hypothesis, while the more recent and numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of goal-directed behavior provide both support and contradiction for each of the hypotheses. Differences in the time scale on which PET and fMRI make measurements probably account for differences in results, at least in part. It is likely that aspects of brain function described by both the impulsivity and reward-deficiency hypotheses contribute to the pathophysiology of addiction.We compare the evidence from human neuroimaging studies for and against two of the major hypotheses of how alterations in the brain's reward system underlie addiction. One of these, the impulsivity hypothesis, proposes that addiction is characterized by excessive sensitivity to reward combined with a failure of inhibition. The other, the reward-deficiency hypothesis, proposes that addicted individuals have a reduced response to nondrug rewards that leads them to seek drugs in preference to more socially acceptable goals. Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies of dopamine receptor density and dopamine release strongly support the reward-deficiency hypothesis, while the more recent and numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of goal-directed behavior provide both support and contradiction for each of the hypotheses. Differences in the time scale on which PET and fMRI make measurements probably account for differences in results, at least in part. It is likely that aspects of brain function described by both the impulsivity and reward-deficiency hypotheses contribute to the pathophysiology of addiction. |
| Author | Gilman, Jodi M. Hommer, Daniel W. Bjork, James M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Daniel W. surname: Hommer fullname: Hommer, Daniel W. organization: Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland – sequence: 2 givenname: James M. surname: Bjork fullname: Bjork, James M. organization: Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Division of Clinical Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland – sequence: 3 givenname: Jodi M. surname: Gilman fullname: Gilman, Jodi M. organization: Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21272010$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Schultz, W. 1998 Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1-27. Bjork, J.M., B. Knutson & D.W. Hommer. 2008. Incentive-elicited striatal activation in adolescent children of alcoholics. 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(e_1_2_9_21_2) 1994; 103 e_1_2_9_26_2 e_1_2_9_47_2 e_1_2_9_68_2 e_1_2_9_28_2 e_1_2_9_51_2 e_1_2_9_74_2 e_1_2_9_30_2 e_1_2_9_72_2 e_1_2_9_78_2 e_1_2_9_34_2 e_1_2_9_55_2 e_1_2_9_76_2 e_1_2_9_11_2 e_1_2_9_32_2 e_1_2_9_53_2 e_1_2_9_70_2 e_1_2_9_13_2 e_1_2_9_38_2 e_1_2_9_59_2 e_1_2_9_15_2 e_1_2_9_36_2 e_1_2_9_57_2 e_1_2_9_17_2 e_1_2_9_19_2 e_1_2_9_40_2 e_1_2_9_63_2 e_1_2_9_61_2 Jessor R. (e_1_2_9_4_2) 1977 e_1_2_9_44_2 e_1_2_9_67_2 e_1_2_9_82_2 e_1_2_9_23_2 e_1_2_9_42_2 e_1_2_9_65_2 e_1_2_9_7_2 e_1_2_9_5_2 e_1_2_9_80_2 e_1_2_9_3_2 e_1_2_9_9_2 e_1_2_9_25_2 e_1_2_9_48_2 e_1_2_9_27_2 e_1_2_9_46_2 e_1_2_9_69_2 e_1_2_9_29_2 |
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| Snippet | We compare the evidence from human neuroimaging studies for and against two of the major hypotheses of how alterations in the brain's reward system underlie... |
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| SubjectTerms | Addiction Addictions alcohol Behavior, Addictive - diagnostic imaging Behavior, Addictive - etiology Behavior, Addictive - physiopathology Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - physiopathology Brain mapping Dopamine Dopamine receptors Functional magnetic resonance imaging Humans Hypotheses imaging impulsive behavior Impulsivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging Models, Neurological Motivation Neuroimaging NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Positron emission tomography Receptor density Reinforcement Reward Substance-Related Disorders - etiology Substance-Related Disorders - psychology |
| Title | Imaging brain response to reward in addictive disorders |
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