Insights into Interfacial and Bulk Transport Phenomena Affecting Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Performance at Ultra‐Low Iridium Loadings
Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity,...
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| Published in | Advanced science Vol. 8; no. 21; pp. e2102950 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Weinheim
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.11.2021
Wiley John Wiley and Sons Inc |
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| Abstract | Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity, the bulk and interface transport properties are investigated, correlating them to PEMWEs cell performance at ultra‐low Ir loadings of ≈0.05 mgIr cm−2. Electrochemical experiments, tomography, and modeling are combined to study the bulk and interfacial impacts of PTLs on PEMWE performance. It is found that the PEMWE performance is largely dependent on the PTL properties at ultra‐low Ir loadings; bulk structural properties are critical to determine the mass transport and Ohmic resistance of PEMWEs while the surface properties of PTLs are critical to govern the catalyst layer utilization and electrode kinetics. The PTL‐induced variation in kinetic and mass transport overpotential are on the order of ≈40 and 60 mV (at 80 A mgIr−1), respectively, while a nonnegligible 35 mV (at 3 A cm−2) difference in Ohmic overpotential. Thus at least 150 mV improvement in PEMWE performance can be achieved through PTL structural optimization without membrane thickness reduction or advent of new electrocatalysts.
The effect of interfacial and bulk properties of porous transport layers (PTL) on proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) performance, mass, and charge transport limitations at ultra‐low iridium catalyst loadings is explored. The result provides insights into optimal PTL design: high porosity and low tortuosity in the bulk and intermediate porosity at the interface for PEMWEs operations. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity, the bulk and interface transport properties are investigated, correlating them to PEMWEs cell performance at ultra‐low Ir loadings of ≈0.05 mgIr cm−2. Electrochemical experiments, tomography, and modeling are combined to study the bulk and interfacial impacts of PTLs on PEMWE performance. It is found that the PEMWE performance is largely dependent on the PTL properties at ultra‐low Ir loadings; bulk structural properties are critical to determine the mass transport and Ohmic resistance of PEMWEs while the surface properties of PTLs are critical to govern the catalyst layer utilization and electrode kinetics. The PTL‐induced variation in kinetic and mass transport overpotential are on the order of ≈40 and 60 mV (at 80 A mgIr−1), respectively, while a nonnegligible 35 mV (at 3 A cm−2) difference in Ohmic overpotential. Thus at least 150 mV improvement in PEMWE performance can be achieved through PTL structural optimization without membrane thickness reduction or advent of new electrocatalysts. Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity, the bulk and interface transport properties are investigated, correlating them to PEMWEs cell performance at ultra-low Ir loadings of ≈0.05 mgIr cm-2 . Electrochemical experiments, tomography, and modeling are combined to study the bulk and interfacial impacts of PTLs on PEMWE performance. It is found that the PEMWE performance is largely dependent on the PTL properties at ultra-low Ir loadings; bulk structural properties are critical to determine the mass transport and Ohmic resistance of PEMWEs while the surface properties of PTLs are critical to govern the catalyst layer utilization and electrode kinetics. The PTL-induced variation in kinetic and mass transport overpotential are on the order of ≈40 and 60 mV (at 80 A mgIr -1 ), respectively, while a nonnegligible 35 mV (at 3 A cm-2 ) difference in Ohmic overpotential. Thus at least 150 mV improvement in PEMWE performance can be achieved through PTL structural optimization without membrane thickness reduction or advent of new electrocatalysts.Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity, the bulk and interface transport properties are investigated, correlating them to PEMWEs cell performance at ultra-low Ir loadings of ≈0.05 mgIr cm-2 . Electrochemical experiments, tomography, and modeling are combined to study the bulk and interfacial impacts of PTLs on PEMWE performance. It is found that the PEMWE performance is largely dependent on the PTL properties at ultra-low Ir loadings; bulk structural properties are critical to determine the mass transport and Ohmic resistance of PEMWEs while the surface properties of PTLs are critical to govern the catalyst layer utilization and electrode kinetics. The PTL-induced variation in kinetic and mass transport overpotential are on the order of ≈40 and 60 mV (at 80 A mgIr -1 ), respectively, while a nonnegligible 35 mV (at 3 A cm-2 ) difference in Ohmic overpotential. Thus at least 150 mV improvement in PEMWE performance can be achieved through PTL structural optimization without membrane thickness reduction or advent of new electrocatalysts. Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity, the bulk and interface transport properties are investigated, correlating them to PEMWEs cell performance at ultra-low Ir loadings of ≈0.05 mgIr cm-2. Electrochemical experiments, tomography, and modeling are combined to study the bulk and interfacial impacts of PTLs on PEMWE performance. It is found that the PEMWE performance is largely dependent on the PTL properties at ultra-low Ir loadings; bulk structural properties are critical to determine the mass transport and Ohmic resistance of PEMWEs while the surface properties of PTLs are critical to govern the catalyst layer utilization and electrode kinetics. The PTL-induced variation in kinetic and mass transport overpotential are on the order of ≈40 and 60 mV (at 80 A mgIr -1), respectively, while a nonnegligible 35 mV (at 3 A cm-2) difference in Ohmic overpotential. Thus at least 150 mV improvement in PEMWE performance can be achieved through PTL structural optimization without membrane thickness reduction or advent of new electrocatalysts. Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity, the bulk and interface transport properties are investigated, correlating them to PEMWEs cell performance at ultra‐low Ir loadings of ≈0.05 mgIr cm−2. Electrochemical experiments, tomography, and modeling are combined to study the bulk and interfacial impacts of PTLs on PEMWE performance. It is found that the PEMWE performance is largely dependent on the PTL properties at ultra‐low Ir loadings; bulk structural properties are critical to determine the mass transport and Ohmic resistance of PEMWEs while the surface properties of PTLs are critical to govern the catalyst layer utilization and electrode kinetics. The PTL‐induced variation in kinetic and mass transport overpotential are on the order of ≈40 and 60 mV (at 80 A mgIr−1), respectively, while a nonnegligible 35 mV (at 3 A cm−2) difference in Ohmic overpotential. Thus at least 150 mV improvement in PEMWE performance can be achieved through PTL structural optimization without membrane thickness reduction or advent of new electrocatalysts. The effect of interfacial and bulk properties of porous transport layers (PTL) on proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) performance, mass, and charge transport limitations at ultra‐low iridium catalyst loadings is explored. The result provides insights into optimal PTL design: high porosity and low tortuosity in the bulk and intermediate porosity at the interface for PEMWEs operations. Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity, the bulk and interface transport properties are investigated, correlating them to PEMWEs cell performance at ultra‐low Ir loadings of ≈0.05 mgIr cm−2. Electrochemical experiments, tomography, and modeling are combined to study the bulk and interfacial impacts of PTLs on PEMWE performance. It is found that the PEMWE performance is largely dependent on the PTL properties at ultra‐low Ir loadings; bulk structural properties are critical to determine the mass transport and Ohmic resistance of PEMWEs while the surface properties of PTLs are critical to govern the catalyst layer utilization and electrode kinetics. The PTL‐induced variation in kinetic and mass transport overpotential are on the order of ≈40 and 60 mV (at 80 A mgIr−1), respectively, while a nonnegligible 35 mV (at 3 A cm−2) difference in Ohmic overpotential. Thus at least 150 mV improvement in PEMWE performance can be achieved through PTL structural optimization without membrane thickness reduction or advent of new electrocatalysts. Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity, the bulk and interface transport properties are investigated, correlating them to PEMWEs cell performance at ultra‐low Ir loadings of ≈0.05 mg Ir cm −2 . Electrochemical experiments, tomography, and modeling are combined to study the bulk and interfacial impacts of PTLs on PEMWE performance. It is found that the PEMWE performance is largely dependent on the PTL properties at ultra‐low Ir loadings; bulk structural properties are critical to determine the mass transport and Ohmic resistance of PEMWEs while the surface properties of PTLs are critical to govern the catalyst layer utilization and electrode kinetics. The PTL‐induced variation in kinetic and mass transport overpotential are on the order of ≈40 and 60 mV (at 80 A mg Ir −1 ), respectively, while a nonnegligible 35 mV (at 3 A cm −2 ) difference in Ohmic overpotential. Thus at least 150 mV improvement in PEMWE performance can be achieved through PTL structural optimization without membrane thickness reduction or advent of new electrocatalysts. The effect of interfacial and bulk properties of porous transport layers (PTL) on proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) performance, mass, and charge transport limitations at ultra‐low iridium catalyst loadings is explored. The result provides insights into optimal PTL design: high porosity and low tortuosity in the bulk and intermediate porosity at the interface for PEMWEs operations. Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), by limiting their mass and charge transport. Using titanium fiber PTLs of varying thickness and porosity, the bulk and interface transport properties are investigated, correlating them to PEMWEs cell performance at ultra‐low Ir loadings of ≈0.05 mg Ir cm −2 . Electrochemical experiments, tomography, and modeling are combined to study the bulk and interfacial impacts of PTLs on PEMWE performance. It is found that the PEMWE performance is largely dependent on the PTL properties at ultra‐low Ir loadings; bulk structural properties are critical to determine the mass transport and Ohmic resistance of PEMWEs while the surface properties of PTLs are critical to govern the catalyst layer utilization and electrode kinetics. The PTL‐induced variation in kinetic and mass transport overpotential are on the order of ≈40 and 60 mV (at 80 A mg Ir −1 ), respectively, while a nonnegligible 35 mV (at 3 A cm −2 ) difference in Ohmic overpotential. Thus at least 150 mV improvement in PEMWE performance can be achieved through PTL structural optimization without membrane thickness reduction or advent of new electrocatalysts. |
| Author | Capuano, Christopher Satjaritanun, Pongsarun Keane, Alex Taie, Zachary Danilovic, Nemanja Wiles, Luke Zenyuk, Iryna V. Peng, Xiong |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Material Science and Engineering University of California Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA 3 Oregon State University School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering Bend OR 97702 USA 1 Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA 4 Nel Hydrogen/Proton Onsite Wallingford CT 06492 USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Material Science and Engineering University of California Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA – name: 1 Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA – name: 3 Oregon State University School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering Bend OR 97702 USA – name: 4 Nel Hydrogen/Proton Onsite Wallingford CT 06492 USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiong orcidid: 0000-0001-8737-5830 surname: Peng fullname: Peng, Xiong organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 2 givenname: Pongsarun orcidid: 0000-0001-6458-2845 surname: Satjaritanun fullname: Satjaritanun, Pongsarun organization: University of California Irvine – sequence: 3 givenname: Zachary orcidid: 0000-0003-2629-4468 surname: Taie fullname: Taie, Zachary organization: School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering – sequence: 4 givenname: Luke orcidid: 0000-0001-9189-7797 surname: Wiles fullname: Wiles, Luke organization: Nel Hydrogen/Proton Onsite – sequence: 5 givenname: Alex surname: Keane fullname: Keane, Alex organization: Nel Hydrogen/Proton Onsite – sequence: 6 givenname: Christopher surname: Capuano fullname: Capuano, Christopher organization: Nel Hydrogen/Proton Onsite – sequence: 7 givenname: Iryna V. orcidid: 0000-0002-1612-0475 surname: Zenyuk fullname: Zenyuk, Iryna V. email: iryna.zenyuk@uci.edu organization: University of California Irvine – sequence: 8 givenname: Nemanja orcidid: 0000-0003-2036-6977 surname: Danilovic fullname: Danilovic, Nemanja email: ndanilovic@lbl.gov organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| BackLink | https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1829216$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| Snippet | Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton exchange... Abstract Interfacial and bulk properties between the catalyst layer and the porous transport layer (PTL) restrict the iridium loading reduction for proton... |
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| SubjectTerms | Capital costs Electricity Electrodes electrolysis ENERGY STORAGE Hydrogen iridium Kinetics PEMWE porous transport layer Titanium ultra‐low loading X‐ray computed tomography |
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| Title | Insights into Interfacial and Bulk Transport Phenomena Affecting Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Performance at Ultra‐Low Iridium Loadings |
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