Origins of the specialization for letters and numbers in ventral occipitotemporal cortex

•The VWFA and NFA are areas specializing in letter and number recognition, respectively.•The locations of these symbol form areas are conserved in blind participants.•Their existence cannot be explained by evolutionary changes or visual constraints.•Symbol form areas may emerge from connectivity bia...

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Published inTrends in cognitive sciences Vol. 19; no. 7; pp. 374 - 382
Main Authors Hannagan, Thomas, Amedi, Amir, Cohen, Laurent, Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine, Dehaene, Stanislas
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2015
Subjects
Animals
Brain Mapping
Concept Formation - physiology
cortical topology
Humans
invariance
Mathematics
metamodal areas
Nerve Net - physiology
Neurology
NFA
Occipital Lobe - physiology
Psychiatry
Reading
Recognition (Psychology) - physiology
structural connectivity
Temporal Lobe - physiology
VWFA
NFA
structural connectivity
invariance
VWFA
cortical topology
metamodal areas
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Abstract •The VWFA and NFA are areas specializing in letter and number recognition, respectively.•The locations of these symbol form areas are conserved in blind participants.•Their existence cannot be explained by evolutionary changes or visual constraints.•Symbol form areas may emerge from connectivity biases and/or shape feature preferences. Deep in the occipitotemporal cortex lie two functional regions, the visual word form area (VWFA) and the number form area (NFA), which are thought to play a special role in letter and number recognition, respectively. We review recent progress made in characterizing the origins of these symbol form areas in children or adults, sighted or blind subjects, and humans or monkeys. We propose two non-mutually-exclusive hypotheses on the origins of the VWFA and NFA: the presence of a connectivity bias, and a sensitivity to shape features. We assess the explanatory power of these hypotheses, describe their consequences, and offer several experimental tests.
AbstractList Deep in the occipitotemporal cortex lie two functional regions, the visual word form area (VWFA) and the number form area (NFA), which are thought to play a special role in letter and number recognition, respectively. We review recent progress made in characterizing the origins of these symbol form areas in children or adults, sighted or blind subjects, and humans or monkeys. We propose two non-mutually-exclusive hypotheses on the origins of the VWFA and NFA: the presence of a connectivity bias, and a sensitivity to shape features. We assess the explanatory power of these hypotheses, describe their consequences, and offer several experimental tests.
•The VWFA and NFA are areas specializing in letter and number recognition, respectively.•The locations of these symbol form areas are conserved in blind participants.•Their existence cannot be explained by evolutionary changes or visual constraints.•Symbol form areas may emerge from connectivity biases and/or shape feature preferences. Deep in the occipitotemporal cortex lie two functional regions, the visual word form area (VWFA) and the number form area (NFA), which are thought to play a special role in letter and number recognition, respectively. We review recent progress made in characterizing the origins of these symbol form areas in children or adults, sighted or blind subjects, and humans or monkeys. We propose two non-mutually-exclusive hypotheses on the origins of the VWFA and NFA: the presence of a connectivity bias, and a sensitivity to shape features. We assess the explanatory power of these hypotheses, describe their consequences, and offer several experimental tests.
Highlights • The VWFA and NFA are areas specializing in letter and number recognition, respectively. • The locations of these symbol form areas are conserved in blind participants. • Their existence cannot be explained by evolutionary changes or visual constraints. • Symbol form areas may emerge from connectivity biases and/or shape feature preferences.
Author Dehaene, Stanislas
Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine
Hannagan, Thomas
Amedi, Amir
Cohen, Laurent
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Thomas
  surname: Hannagan
  fullname: Hannagan, Thomas
  email: thomas.hannagan@cea.fr
  organization: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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  givenname: Amir
  surname: Amedi
  fullname: Amedi, Amir
  organization: Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel–Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91220, Israel
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  givenname: Laurent
  surname: Cohen
  fullname: Cohen, Laurent
  organization: INSERM, Centre de Recherches de l’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMRS 975, Paris, France
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  givenname: Ghislaine
  surname: Dehaene-Lambertz
  fullname: Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine
  organization: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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  givenname: Stanislas
  surname: Dehaene
  fullname: Dehaene, Stanislas
  organization: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Keywords NFA
structural connectivity
invariance
VWFA
cortical topology
metamodal areas
Language English
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Snippet •The VWFA and NFA are areas specializing in letter and number recognition, respectively.•The locations of these symbol form areas are conserved in blind...
Highlights • The VWFA and NFA are areas specializing in letter and number recognition, respectively. • The locations of these symbol form areas are conserved...
Deep in the occipitotemporal cortex lie two functional regions, the visual word form area (VWFA) and the number form area (NFA), which are thought to play a...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Brain Mapping
Concept Formation - physiology
cortical topology
Humans
invariance
Mathematics
metamodal areas
Nerve Net - physiology
Neurology
NFA
Occipital Lobe - physiology
Psychiatry
Reading
Recognition (Psychology) - physiology
structural connectivity
Temporal Lobe - physiology
VWFA
Title Origins of the specialization for letters and numbers in ventral occipitotemporal cortex
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.05.006
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26072689
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