Dampened STING-Dependent Interferon Activation in Bats

• Published in: Cell Host & Microbe Vol. 23; no. 3; pp. 297 - 301.e4
• Main Authors: Xie, Jiazheng, Li, Yang, Shen, Xurui, Goh, Geraldine, Zhu, Yan, Cui, Jie, Wang, Lin-Fa, Shi, Zheng-Li, Zhou, Peng
• Format: Journal Article Web Resource
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 14.03.2018; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Animals; bats; Brief Report; Cell Line; Chiroptera - genetics; Chiroptera - immunology; Chiroptera - virology; Cytoplasm - virology; Cytosol - metabolism; dampened; Disease Reservoirs; DNA Damage; DNA sensing; DNA, Viral - metabolism; DNA-Binding Proteins; Gene Expression; HEK293 Cells; Humans; interferon; Interferons - metabolism; Membrane Proteins - genetics; Membrane Proteins - immunology; Membrane Proteins - metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mutation; Nuclear Proteins - metabolism; Phosphoproteins - metabolism; Sendai virus; Sequence Analysis, RNA; STING; Toll-Like Receptor 9 - immunology; virus; Virus Diseases - immunology; Virus Diseases - veterinary; bats; STING; dampened; interferon; virus; DNA sensing
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.01.006
• ISSN: 1931-3128

Compared with terrestrial mammals, bats have a longer lifespan and greater capacity to co-exist with a variety of viruses. In addition to cytosolic DNA generated by these viral infections, the metabolic demands of flight cause DNA damage and the release of self-DNA into the cytoplasm. However, whether bats have an altered DNA sensing/defense system to balance high cytosolic DNA levels remains an open question. We demonstrate that bats have a dampened interferon response due to the replacement of the highly conserved serine residue (S358) in STING, an essential adaptor protein in multiple DNA sensing pathways. Reversing this mutation by introducing S358 restored STING functionality, resulting in interferon activation and virus inhibition. Combined with previous reports on bat-specific changes of other DNA sensors such as TLR9, IFI16, and AIM2, our findings shed light on bat adaptation to flight, their long lifespan, and their unique capacity to serve as a virus reservoir. [Display omitted] •STING-dependent IFN activation is dampened in bats•Highly conserved serine residue (S358) is replaced in bat STING•Reversing this mutation restores STING function, IFN activation, and virus inhibition Bats co-exist with a large variety of viruses, and infection-derived cytosolic DNA could result in heightened DNA sensing and overactivation. Xie et al. show that STING-dependent IFN activation is dampened in bats due to the replacement of the highly conserved and functionally important serine residue S358.