Isolation of circulating tumor cells using a microvortex-generating herringbone-chip

Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream of patients with cancer provide a potentially accessible source for detection, characterization, and monitoring of nonhematological cancers. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of a microfluidic device, the CTC-Chip, in capturin...

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Published in	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 107; no. 43; pp. 18392 - 18397
Main Authors	Stott, Shannon L., Hsu, Chia-Hsien, Tsukrov, Dina I., Yu, Min, Miyamoto, David T., Waltman, Belinda A., Rothenberg, S. Michael, Shah, Ajay M., Smas, Malgorzata E., Korir, George K., Floyd, Frederick P., Gilman, Anna J., Lord, Jenna B., Winokur, Daniel, Springer, Simeon, Irimia, Daniel, Nagrath, Sunitha, Sequist, Lecia V., Lee, Richard J., Isselbacher, Kurt J., Maheswaran, Shyamala, Haber, Daniel A., Toner, Mehmet
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States National Academy of Sciences 26.10.2010 National Acad Sciences
Subjects	Base Sequence Biological Sciences Biomedical Engineering Blood Blood cells Cancer Cell Aggregation Cell Line, Tumor Cell lines Cell Separation - instrumentation Cells DNA, Neoplasm - genetics DNA, Neoplasm - isolation & purification Epithelial cells Flow velocity Herringbone Humans Imaging Lung Neoplasms - blood Male Metastasis Microfluidic Analytical Techniques - instrumentation Neoplastic Cells, Circulating - pathology Oncogene Proteins, Fusion - genetics Physical Sciences Polymerase chain reaction Prostate cancer Prostatic Neoplasms - blood Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics Prostatic Neoplasms - secondary Ribonucleic acid RNA Tumors
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Abstract	Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream of patients with cancer provide a potentially accessible source for detection, characterization, and monitoring of nonhematological cancers. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of a microfluidic device, the CTC-Chip, in capturing these epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-expressing cells using antibody-coated microposts. Here, we describe a high-throughput microfluidic mixing device, the herringbone-chip, or “HB-Chip,” which provides an enhanced platform for CTC isolation. The HB-Chip design applies passive mixing of blood cells through the generation of microvortices to significantly increase the number of interactions between target CTCs and the antibody-coated chip surface. Efficient cell capture was validated using defined numbers of cancer cells spiked into control blood, and clinical utility was demonstrated in specimens from patients with prostate cancer. CTCs were detected in 14 of 15 (93%) patients with metastatic disease (median = 63 CTCs/mL, mean = 386 ± 238 CTCs/mL), and the tumor-specific TMPRSS2-ERG translocation was readily identified following RNA isolation and RT-PCR analysis. The use of transparent materials allowed for imaging of the captured CTCs using standard clinical histopathological stains, in addition to immunofluorescence-conjugated antibodies. In a subset of patient samples, the low shear design of the HB-Chip revealed microclusters of CTCs, previously unappreciated tumor cell aggregates that may contribute to the hematogenous dissemination of cancer.
AbstractList	Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream of patients with cancer provide a potentially accessible source for detection, characterization, and monitoring of nonhematological cancers. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of a microfluidic device, the CTC-Chip, in capturing these epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-expressing cells using antibody-coated microposts. Here, we describe a high-throughput microfluidic mixing device, the herringbone-chip, or “HB-Chip,” which provides an enhanced platform for CTC isolation. The HB-Chip design applies passive mixing of blood cells through the generation of microvortices to significantly increase the number of interactions between target CTCs and the antibody-coated chip surface. Efficient cell capture was validated using defined numbers of cancer cells spiked into control blood, and clinical utility was demonstrated in specimens from patients with prostate cancer. CTCs were detected in 14 of 15 (93%) patients with metastatic disease (median = 63 CTCs/mL, mean = 386 ± 238 CTCs/mL), and the tumor-specific TMPRSS2-ERG translocation was readily identified following RNA isolation and RT-PCR analysis. The use of transparent materials allowed for imaging of the captured CTCs using standard clinical histopathological stains, in addition to immunofluorescence-conjugated antibodies. In a subset of patient samples, the low shear design of the HB-Chip revealed microclusters of CTCs, previously unappreciated tumor cell aggregates that may contribute to the hematogenous dissemination of cancer. Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream of patients with cancer provide a potentially accessible source for detection, characterization, and monitoring of nonhematological cancers. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of a microfluidic device, the CTC-Chip, in capturing these epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-expressing cells using antibody-coated microposts. Here, we describe a high-throughput microfluidic mixing device, the herringbone-chip, or "HB-Chip," which provides an enhanced platform for CTC isolation. The HB-Chip design applies passive mixing of blood cells through the generation of microvortices to significantly increase the number of interactions between target CTCs and the antibody-coated chip surface. Efficient cell capture was validated using defined numbers of cancer cells spiked into control blood, and clinical utility was demonstrated in specimens from patients with prostate cancer. CTCs were detected in 14 of 15 (93%) patients with metastatic disease (median = 63 CTCs/mL, mean = 386 ± 238 CTCs/mL), and the tumor-specific TMPRSS2-ERG translocation was readily identified following RNA isolation and RT-PCR analysis. The use of transparent materials allowed for imaging of the captured CTCs using standard clinical histopathological stains, in addition to immunofluorescence-conjugated antibodies. In a subset of patient samples, the low shear design of the HB-Chip revealed microclusters of CTCs, previously unappreciated tumor cell aggregates that may contribute to the hematogenous dissemination of cancer. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream of patients with cancer provide a potentially accessible source for detection, characterization, and monitoring of nonhematological cancers. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of a microfluidic device, the CTC-Chip, in capturing these epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-expressing cells using antibody-coated microposts. Here, we describe a high-throughput microfluidic mixing device, the herringbone-chip, or "HB-Chip," which provides an enhanced platform for CTC isolation. The HB-Chip design applies passive mixing of blood cells through the generation of microvortices to significantly increase the number of interactions between target CTCs and the antibody-coated chip surface. Efficient cell capture was validated using defined numbers of cancer cells spiked into control blood, and clinical utility was demonstrated in specimens from patients with prostate cancer. CTCs were detected in 14 of 15 (93%) patients with metastatic disease (median = 63 CTCs/mL, mean = 386 ± 238 CTCs/mL), and the tumor-specific TMPRSS2-ERG translocation was readily identified following RNA isolation and RT-PCR analysis. The use of transparent materials allowed for imaging of the captured CTCs using standard clinical histopathological stains, in addition to immunofluorescence-conjugated antibodies. In a subset of patient samples, the low shear design of the HB-Chip revealed microclusters of CTCs, previously unappreciated tumor cell aggregates that may contribute to the hematogenous dissemination of cancer.
Author	Gilman, Anna J. Shah, Ajay M. Nagrath, Sunitha Winokur, Daniel Irimia, Daniel Smas, Malgorzata E. Lord, Jenna B. Waltman, Belinda A. Lee, Richard J. Yu, Min Miyamoto, David T. Tsukrov, Dina I. Isselbacher, Kurt J. Maheswaran, Shyamala Haber, Daniel A. Stott, Shannon L. Floyd, Frederick P. Springer, Simeon Hsu, Chia-Hsien Korir, George K. Rothenberg, S. Michael Sequist, Lecia V. Toner, Mehmet
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20930119$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 3Present address: Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan. Contributed by Kurt J. Isselbacher, August 24, 2010 (sent for review July 14, 2010) Author contributions: S.L.S., C.-H.H., D.I.T., M.Y., D.T.M., B.A.W., S.M.R., A.M.S., G.K.K., D.I., S.N., L.V.S., R.J.L., K.J.I., S.M., D.A.H., and M.T. designed research; S.L.S., C.-H.H., D.I.T., M.Y., D.T.M., B.A.W., S.M.R., A.M.S., M.E.S., G.K.K., F.P.F., A.J.G., J.B.L., D.W., and S.S. performed research; S.L.S., C.-H.H., D.I.T., M.Y., D.T.M., B.A.W., S.M.R., M.E.S., G.K.K., F.P.F., J.B.L., S.N., R.J.L., K.J.I., S.M., D.A.H., and M.T. analyzed data; and S.L.S., C.-H.H., D.I.T., K.J.I., S.M., D.A.H., and M.T. wrote the paper. 1S.L.S. and C-H.H. contributed equally to this work.
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Snippet	Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream of patients with cancer provide a potentially accessible source for detection, characterization,...
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SubjectTerms	Base Sequence Biological Sciences Biomedical Engineering Blood Blood cells Cancer Cell Aggregation Cell Line, Tumor Cell lines Cell Separation - instrumentation Cells DNA, Neoplasm - genetics DNA, Neoplasm - isolation & purification Epithelial cells Flow velocity Herringbone Humans Imaging Lung Neoplasms - blood Male Metastasis Microfluidic Analytical Techniques - instrumentation Neoplastic Cells, Circulating - pathology Oncogene Proteins, Fusion - genetics Physical Sciences Polymerase chain reaction Prostate cancer Prostatic Neoplasms - blood Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics Prostatic Neoplasms - secondary Ribonucleic acid RNA Tumors
Title	Isolation of circulating tumor cells using a microvortex-generating herringbone-chip
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