Intermittent versus continuous enteral nutrition attenuates increases in insulin and leptin during short-term bed rest

• Published in: European journal of applied physiology Vol. 120; no. 9; pp. 2083 - 2094
• Main Authors: Gonzalez, Javier T., Dirks, Marlou L., Holwerda, Andrew M., Kouw, Imre W. K., van Loon, Luc J. C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Bed Rest - methods; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Enteral feeding; Enteral nutrition; Enteral Nutrition - methods; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucose - metabolism; Human Physiology; Humans; Immobilization; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Leptin; Leptin - blood; Male; Metabolites; Nutrition; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine; Original; Original Article; Plasma; Rest - physiology; Sports Medicine; Glucagon-like peptide-1; Glucose; Glucagon; Metabolism; Insulin sensitivity; Insulin
• ISSN: 1439-6319; 1439-6327
• DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04431-4

Purpose To compare endocrine responses to intermittent vs continuous enteral nutrition provision during short-term bed rest. Methods Twenty healthy men underwent 7 days of bed rest, during which they were randomized to receive enteral nutrition (47%E as carbohydrate, 34%E as fat, 16%E as protein and 3%E as fibre) in a continuous (CONTINUOUS; n  = 10; 24 h day −1 at a constant rate) or intermittent (INTERMITTENT; n  = 10; as 4 meals per day separated by 5 h) pattern. Daily plasma samples were taken every morning to assess metabolite/hormone concentrations. Results During bed rest, plasma leptin concentrations were elevated to a lesser extent with INTERMITTENT vs CONTINUOUS (iAUC: 0.42 ± 0.38 vs 0.95 ± 0.48 nmol L −1 , respectively; P  = 0.014) as were insulin concentrations (interaction effect, P  < 0.001) which reached a peak of 369 ± 225 pmol L −1 in CONTINUOUS, compared to 94 ± 38 pmol L −1 in INTERMITTENT ( P  = 0.001). Changes in glucose infusion rate were positively correlated with changes in fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations ( r  = 0.44, P  = 0.049). Conclusion Intermittent enteral nutrition attenuates the progressive rise in plasma leptin and insulinemia seen with continuous feeding during bed rest, suggesting that continuous feeding increases insulin requirements to maintain euglycemia. This raises the possibility that hepatic insulin sensitivity is impaired to a greater extent with continuous versus intermittent feeding during bed rest. To attenuate endocrine and metabolic changes with enteral feeding, an intermittent feeding strategy may, therefore, be preferable to continuous provision of nutrition. This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02521025.