Exploring the Effects of Action Observation Therapy on Swallowing Disorders in Stroke: A Functional Connectivity–Based fMRI Study
Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing nov...
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| Published in | Journal of neural transplantation & plasticity Vol. 2025; no. 1; p. 8176431 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.01.2025
Wiley |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing novel insights for the rehabilitation of swallowing function in stroke patients.
Methods: In this study, 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 11 stroke patients were included. The stroke patients underwent a 4‐week AOT. To assess the differences in brain region activity between the patients before and after treatment and the HCs, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated based on fMRI data separately. Important brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for subsequent FC analysis, and finally, comparisons were made to evaluate the therapeutic effects.
Results: Comparing stroke patients before treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the inferior temporal gyrus, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and relatively lower in the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and paracentral lobule. The DC values were relatively higher in the cerebellum, middle frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, middle frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus, and relatively lower in the cuneus and paracentral lobule. The FC between the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the superior occipital gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. Comparing stroke patients after treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the caudate nucleus, and relatively lower in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. The DC values were relatively higher in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and relatively lower in the temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus, calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex. The FC between the caudate nucleus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. There was no significant difference in ReHo values between stroke patients before and after treatment. The DC value in the superior parietal gyrus increased, and the FC in the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus gyrus was also significantly enhanced before and after treatment.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the AOT has a positive effect on enhancing the functional connection and information transmission capabilities of specific brain regions. The impact of this therapy on brain function helps us understand the potential mechanisms of swallowing function network reorganization deeper.
Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849 |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing novel insights for the rehabilitation of swallowing function in stroke patients. Methods: In this study, 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 11 stroke patients were included. The stroke patients underwent a 4-week AOT. To assess the differences in brain region activity between the patients before and after treatment and the HCs, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated based on fMRI data separately. Important brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for subsequent FC analysis, and finally, comparisons were made to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Results: Comparing stroke patients before treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the inferior temporal gyrus, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and relatively lower in the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and paracentral lobule. The DC values were relatively higher in the cerebellum, middle frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, middle frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus, and relatively lower in the cuneus and paracentral lobule. The FC between the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the superior occipital gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. Comparing stroke patients after treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the caudate nucleus, and relatively lower in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. The DC values were relatively higher in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and relatively lower in the temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus, calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex. The FC between the caudate nucleus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. There was no significant difference in ReHo values between stroke patients before and after treatment. The DC value in the superior parietal gyrus increased, and the FC in the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus gyrus was also significantly enhanced before and after treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the AOT has a positive effect on enhancing the functional connection and information transmission capabilities of specific brain regions. The impact of this therapy on brain function helps us understand the potential mechanisms of swallowing function network reorganization deeper. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849.Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing novel insights for the rehabilitation of swallowing function in stroke patients. Methods: In this study, 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 11 stroke patients were included. The stroke patients underwent a 4-week AOT. To assess the differences in brain region activity between the patients before and after treatment and the HCs, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated based on fMRI data separately. Important brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for subsequent FC analysis, and finally, comparisons were made to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Results: Comparing stroke patients before treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the inferior temporal gyrus, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and relatively lower in the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and paracentral lobule. The DC values were relatively higher in the cerebellum, middle frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, middle frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus, and relatively lower in the cuneus and paracentral lobule. The FC between the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the superior occipital gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. Comparing stroke patients after treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the caudate nucleus, and relatively lower in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. The DC values were relatively higher in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and relatively lower in the temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus, calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex. The FC between the caudate nucleus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. There was no significant difference in ReHo values between stroke patients before and after treatment. The DC value in the superior parietal gyrus increased, and the FC in the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus gyrus was also significantly enhanced before and after treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the AOT has a positive effect on enhancing the functional connection and information transmission capabilities of specific brain regions. The impact of this therapy on brain function helps us understand the potential mechanisms of swallowing function network reorganization deeper. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849. Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing novel insights for the rehabilitation of swallowing function in stroke patients. Methods: In this study, 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 11 stroke patients were included. The stroke patients underwent a 4-week AOT. To assess the differences in brain region activity between the patients before and after treatment and the HCs, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated based on fMRI data separately. Important brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for subsequent FC analysis, and finally, comparisons were made to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Results: Comparing stroke patients before treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the inferior temporal gyrus, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and relatively lower in the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and paracentral lobule. The DC values were relatively higher in the cerebellum, middle frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, middle frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus, and relatively lower in the cuneus and paracentral lobule. The FC between the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the superior occipital gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. Comparing stroke patients after treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the caudate nucleus, and relatively lower in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. The DC values were relatively higher in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and relatively lower in the temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus, calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex. The FC between the caudate nucleus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. There was no significant difference in ReHo values between stroke patients before and after treatment. The DC value in the superior parietal gyrus increased, and the FC in the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus gyrus was also significantly enhanced before and after treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the AOT has a positive effect on enhancing the functional connection and information transmission capabilities of specific brain regions. The impact of this therapy on brain function helps us understand the potential mechanisms of swallowing function network reorganization deeper. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849 Keywords: action observation therapy, degree centrality (DC), dysphagia, functional connectivity (FC), regional homogeneity (ReHo), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, stroke Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849 This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing novel insights for the rehabilitation of swallowing function in stroke patients. In this study, 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 11 stroke patients were included. The stroke patients underwent a 4-week AOT. To assess the differences in brain region activity between the patients before and after treatment and the HCs, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated based on fMRI data separately. Important brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for subsequent FC analysis, and finally, comparisons were made to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Comparing stroke patients before treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the inferior temporal gyrus, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and relatively lower in the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and paracentral lobule. The DC values were relatively higher in the cerebellum, middle frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, middle frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus, and relatively lower in the cuneus and paracentral lobule. The FC between the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the superior occipital gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. Comparing stroke patients after treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the caudate nucleus, and relatively lower in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. The DC values were relatively higher in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and relatively lower in the temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus, calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex. The FC between the caudate nucleus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. There was no significant difference in ReHo values between stroke patients before and after treatment. The DC value in the superior parietal gyrus increased, and the FC in the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus gyrus was also significantly enhanced before and after treatment. The results of this study indicate that the AOT has a positive effect on enhancing the functional connection and information transmission capabilities of specific brain regions. The impact of this therapy on brain function helps us understand the potential mechanisms of swallowing function network reorganization deeper. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849. Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing novel insights for the rehabilitation of swallowing function in stroke patients. Methods: In this study, 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 11 stroke patients were included. The stroke patients underwent a 4-week AOT. To assess the differences in brain region activity between the patients before and after treatment and the HCs, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated based on fMRI data separately. Important brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for subsequent FC analysis, and finally, comparisons were made to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Results: Comparing stroke patients before treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the inferior temporal gyrus, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and relatively lower in the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and paracentral lobule. The DC values were relatively higher in the cerebellum, middle frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, middle frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus, and relatively lower in the cuneus and paracentral lobule. The FC between the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the superior occipital gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. Comparing stroke patients after treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the caudate nucleus, and relatively lower in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. The DC values were relatively higher in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and relatively lower in the temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus, calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex. The FC between the caudate nucleus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. There was no significant difference in ReHo values between stroke patients before and after treatment. The DC value in the superior parietal gyrus increased, and the FC in the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus gyrus was also significantly enhanced before and after treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the AOT has a positive effect on enhancing the functional connection and information transmission capabilities of specific brain regions. The impact of this therapy on brain function helps us understand the potential mechanisms of swallowing function network reorganization deeper. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849 Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing novel insights for the rehabilitation of swallowing function in stroke patients.Methods: In this study, 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 11 stroke patients were included. The stroke patients underwent a 4-week AOT. To assess the differences in brain region activity between the patients before and after treatment and the HCs, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated based on fMRI data separately. Important brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for subsequent FC analysis, and finally, comparisons were made to evaluate the therapeutic effects.Results: Comparing stroke patients before treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the inferior temporal gyrus, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and relatively lower in the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and paracentral lobule. The DC values were relatively higher in the cerebellum, middle frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, middle frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus, and relatively lower in the cuneus and paracentral lobule. The FC between the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the superior occipital gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. Comparing stroke patients after treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the caudate nucleus, and relatively lower in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. The DC values were relatively higher in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and relatively lower in the temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus, calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex. The FC between the caudate nucleus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. There was no significant difference in ReHo values between stroke patients before and after treatment. The DC value in the superior parietal gyrus increased, and the FC in the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus gyrus was also significantly enhanced before and after treatment.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the AOT has a positive effect on enhancing the functional connection and information transmission capabilities of specific brain regions. The impact of this therapy on brain function helps us understand the potential mechanisms of swallowing function network reorganization deeper.Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849 Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the study will examine adjustments in brain activity and functional connectivity (FC), providing novel insights for the rehabilitation of swallowing function in stroke patients. Methods: In this study, 11 healthy controls (HCs) and 11 stroke patients were included. The stroke patients underwent a 4‐week AOT. To assess the differences in brain region activity between the patients before and after treatment and the HCs, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated based on fMRI data separately. Important brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for subsequent FC analysis, and finally, comparisons were made to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Results: Comparing stroke patients before treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the inferior temporal gyrus, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri, and relatively lower in the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle occipital gyrus, and paracentral lobule. The DC values were relatively higher in the cerebellum, middle frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, middle frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus, and relatively lower in the cuneus and paracentral lobule. The FC between the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the superior occipital gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. Comparing stroke patients after treatment with HCs, the ReHo values were relatively higher in the caudate nucleus, and relatively lower in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, and middle temporal gyrus. The DC values were relatively higher in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, and relatively lower in the temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus, calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex. The FC between the caudate nucleus and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively high, and the FC between the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, middle frontal gyrus, orbital part, and the superior parietal gyrus was relatively low. There was no significant difference in ReHo values between stroke patients before and after treatment. The DC value in the superior parietal gyrus increased, and the FC in the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus gyrus was also significantly enhanced before and after treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the AOT has a positive effect on enhancing the functional connection and information transmission capabilities of specific brain regions. The impact of this therapy on brain function helps us understand the potential mechanisms of swallowing function network reorganization deeper. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Sun, Xiaolin Ma, Lianjie Fu, Jianming Tao, Linhua Chen, Xuting Wang, Zhongli Yao, Yunhai Gu, Xudong Shen, Fang Zeng, Ming Zhu, Meihong Wang, Jie |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xuting orcidid: 0009-0002-4096-1570 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Xuting – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiaolin orcidid: 0009-0002-1576-4831 surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Xiaolin – sequence: 3 givenname: Fang surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Fang – sequence: 4 givenname: Zhongli surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Zhongli – sequence: 5 givenname: Meihong surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Meihong – sequence: 6 givenname: Jianming surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Jianming – sequence: 7 givenname: Yunhai surname: Yao fullname: Yao, Yunhai – sequence: 8 givenname: Jie surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jie – sequence: 9 givenname: Linhua surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Linhua – sequence: 10 givenname: Lianjie surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Lianjie – sequence: 11 givenname: Ming orcidid: 0000-0002-5186-3098 surname: Zeng fullname: Zeng, Ming – sequence: 12 givenname: Xudong orcidid: 0000-0003-2507-0649 surname: Gu fullname: Gu, Xudong |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40201620$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2025 Xuting Chen et al. Neural Plasticity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. COPYRIGHT 2025 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2025 Xuting Chen et al. Neural Plasticity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Copyright © 2025 Xuting Chen et al. Neural Plasticity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2025 |
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| DOI | 10.1155/np/8176431 |
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| Discipline | Anatomy & Physiology |
| EISSN | 1687-5443 |
| Editor | Yating Lv |
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| Keywords | resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging regional homogeneity (ReHo) action observation therapy degree centrality (DC) dysphagia functional connectivity (FC) stroke |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2025 Xuting Chen et al. Neural Plasticity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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| References | e_1_2_11_31_2 e_1_2_11_30_2 GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators (e_1_2_11_1_2) 2019; 20 e_1_2_11_13_2 e_1_2_11_35_2 e_1_2_11_12_2 e_1_2_11_34_2 e_1_2_11_11_2 e_1_2_11_33_2 e_1_2_11_10_2 e_1_2_11_32_2 e_1_2_11_6_2 e_1_2_11_28_2 e_1_2_11_5_2 e_1_2_11_27_2 e_1_2_11_4_2 e_1_2_11_26_2 e_1_2_11_3_2 e_1_2_11_25_2 e_1_2_11_29_2 e_1_2_11_20_2 Tarvonen-Schröder S. (e_1_2_11_2_2) 2023; 55 e_1_2_11_24_2 e_1_2_11_9_2 e_1_2_11_23_2 e_1_2_11_8_2 e_1_2_11_22_2 e_1_2_11_7_2 e_1_2_11_21_2 e_1_2_11_17_2 e_1_2_11_16_2 e_1_2_11_15_2 e_1_2_11_14_2 e_1_2_11_19_2 e_1_2_11_18_2 |
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| Snippet | Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional... This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional magnetic... Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900021849 Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of action observation therapy (AOT) on swallowing disorders following a stroke. Utilizing functional... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Brain Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - physiopathology Care and treatment Clinical medicine Deglutition disorders Deglutition Disorders - diagnostic imaging Deglutition Disorders - etiology Deglutition Disorders - physiopathology Deglutition Disorders - rehabilitation Female Humans Information management Ischemia Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Medical research Middle Aged Patients Rehabilitation Somatotropin Stroke Stroke - complications Stroke - diagnostic imaging Stroke - physiopathology Stroke Rehabilitation - methods Swallowing |
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| Title | Exploring the Effects of Action Observation Therapy on Swallowing Disorders in Stroke: A Functional Connectivity–Based fMRI Study |
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