Excited delirium following use of synthetic cathinones (bath salts)
Abstract Synthetic analogs of the cathinone molecule have seen increasing recreational use as substitutes for cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and methamphetamine. Repeated use of these drugs is associated with a paranoid hallucinatory delirium. A subset of patients using these s...
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Published in | General hospital psychiatry Vol. 34; no. 6; pp. 647 - 650 |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier Inc
01.11.2012
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Abstract | Abstract Synthetic analogs of the cathinone molecule have seen increasing recreational use as substitutes for cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and methamphetamine. Repeated use of these drugs is associated with a paranoid hallucinatory delirium. A subset of patients using these substances develops a syndrome of extreme agitation and violent behavior that has been reported following the use of other stimulant drugs that also produce rapid changes in brain monoamines. This syndrome, characterized as “excited delirium,” presents to the acute care setting with a challenging combination of paranoia, severe agitation and violent behavior. These patients frequently suffer from dehydration, skeletal muscle damage and renal failure that may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Management of these individuals requires careful consideration of the consequences of interventions commonly implemented in medical settings to control dangerous aggressive behavior. |
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AbstractList | Abstract Synthetic analogs of the cathinone molecule have seen increasing recreational use as substitutes for cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and methamphetamine. Repeated use of these drugs is associated with a paranoid hallucinatory delirium. A subset of patients using these substances develops a syndrome of extreme agitation and violent behavior that has been reported following the use of other stimulant drugs that also produce rapid changes in brain monoamines. This syndrome, characterized as “excited delirium,” presents to the acute care setting with a challenging combination of paranoia, severe agitation and violent behavior. These patients frequently suffer from dehydration, skeletal muscle damage and renal failure that may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Management of these individuals requires careful consideration of the consequences of interventions commonly implemented in medical settings to control dangerous aggressive behavior. Synthetic analogs of the cathinone molecule have seen increasing recreational use as substitutes for cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and methamphetamine. Repeated use of these drugs is associated with a paranoid hallucinatory delirium. A subset of patients using these substances develops a syndrome of extreme agitation and violent behavior that has been reported following the use of other stimulant drugs that also produce rapid changes in brain monoamines. This syndrome, characterized as "excited delirium," presents to the acute care setting with a challenging combination of paranoia, severe agitation and violent behavior. These patients frequently suffer from dehydration, skeletal muscle damage and renal failure that may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Management of these individuals requires careful consideration of the consequences of interventions commonly implemented in medical settings to control dangerous aggressive behavior. |
Author | Gestring, Richard E., M.D Penders, Thomas M., M.D Vilensky, Dmitry A., M.D |
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Keywords | Delirium Psychosis Drug abuse Cathinones Stimulants Human Drug addiction CNS stimulant Psychotropic Toxicity Male Substance abuse Sympathomimetic Cathinone Recommendation Organic mental disorder Case study Alkaloid Clinical management Young adult Mental confusion Recreational drug |
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Snippet | Abstract Synthetic analogs of the cathinone molecule have seen increasing recreational use as substitutes for cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine... Synthetic analogs of the cathinone molecule have seen increasing recreational use as substitutes for cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and... |
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SubjectTerms | Acute Kidney Injury - chemically induced Acute Kidney Injury - complications Addictive behaviors Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Alkaloids - poisoning Benzodioxoles - poisoning Biological and medical sciences Cathinones Central Nervous System Stimulants - poisoning Dangerous Behavior Dehydration - chemically induced Dehydration - complications Delirium Delirium - chemically induced Delirium - complications Drug abuse Drug addiction Drug addictions Humans Male Medical sciences Multiple Organ Failure - chemically induced Multiple Organ Failure - complications Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology Paranoid Behavior - chemically induced Paranoid Behavior - complications Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychomotor Agitation - complications Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychosis Pyrrolidines - poisoning Rhabdomyolysis - chemically induced Rhabdomyolysis - complications Stimulants Street Drugs - poisoning Syndrome Toxicology |
Title | Excited delirium following use of synthetic cathinones (bath salts) |
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