Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease

Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident macrophages, other macrophages are also recruited to the diseased tissues, and polarize to various phenotypes (mainly M1 and M2) u...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 12; p. 803037
Main Authors Wang, Cheng, Ma, Cheng, Gong, Lihong, Guo, Yuqin, Fu, Ke, Zhang, Yafang, Zhou, Honglin, Li, Yunxia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 14.12.2021
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Abstract Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident macrophages, other macrophages are also recruited to the diseased tissues, and polarize to various phenotypes (mainly M1 and M2) under the stimulation of various factors in the microenvironment, thus playing different roles and functions. Liver diseases are hepatic pathological changes caused by a variety of pathogenic factors (viruses, alcohol, drugs, etc.), including acute liver injury, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have shown that macrophage polarization plays an important role in the initiation and development of liver diseases. However, because both macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of liver diseases are complex, the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in liver diseases need to be further clarified. Therefore, the origin of hepatic macrophages, and the phenotypes and mechanisms of macrophage polarization are reviewed first in this paper. It is found that macrophage polarization involves several molecular mechanisms, mainly including TLR4/NF-κB, JAK/STATs, TGF-β/Smads, PPARγ, Notch, and miRNA signaling pathways. In addition, this paper also expounds the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in various liver diseases, which aims to provide references for further research of macrophage polarization in liver diseases, contributing to the therapeutic strategy of ameliorating liver diseases by modulating macrophage polarization.
AbstractList Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident macrophages, other macrophages are also recruited to the diseased tissues, and polarize to various phenotypes (mainly M1 and M2) under the stimulation of various factors in the microenvironment, thus playing different roles and functions. Liver diseases are hepatic pathological changes caused by a variety of pathogenic factors (viruses, alcohol, drugs, etc.), including acute liver injury, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have shown that macrophage polarization plays an important role in the initiation and development of liver diseases. However, because both macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of liver diseases are complex, the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in liver diseases need to be further clarified. Therefore, the origin of hepatic macrophages, and the phenotypes and mechanisms of macrophage polarization are reviewed first in this paper. It is found that macrophage polarization involves several molecular mechanisms, mainly including TLR4/NF-κB, JAK/STATs, TGF-β/Smads, PPARγ, Notch, and miRNA signaling pathways. In addition, this paper also expounds the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in various liver diseases, which aims to provide references for further research of macrophage polarization in liver diseases, contributing to the therapeutic strategy of ameliorating liver diseases by modulating macrophage polarization.
Author Li, Yunxia
Ma, Cheng
Guo, Yuqin
Fu, Ke
Zhang, Yafang
Wang, Cheng
Gong, Lihong
Zhou, Honglin
AuthorAffiliation State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , China
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  surname: Wang
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Lihong
  surname: Gong
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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  givenname: Yuqin
  surname: Guo
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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  surname: Fu
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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  surname: Zhang
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Yunxia
  surname: Li
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34970275$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords viral hepatitis
alcoholic liver disease
liver fibrosis
liver disease
macrophage polarization
metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
hepatocellular carcinoma
acute liver injury
Language English
License Copyright © 2021 Wang, Ma, Gong, Guo, Fu, Zhang, Zhou and Li.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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This article was submitted to Antigen Presenting Cell Biology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
These authors have contributed equally to this work
Edited by: Yan Shi, Tsinghua University, China
Reviewed by: Katsunori Yoshida, Kansai Medical University, Japan; Yifang Gao, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
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Snippet Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to...
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StartPage 803037
SubjectTerms acute liver injury
alcoholic liver disease
Animals
Biomarkers
Cell Differentiation
Cell Plasticity - genetics
Cell Plasticity - immunology
Diagnosis, Differential
Disease Susceptibility - immunology
Energy Metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Immunology
liver disease
Liver Diseases - diagnosis
Liver Diseases - etiology
Liver Diseases - metabolism
Liver Diseases - therapy
Macrophage Activation - genetics
Macrophage Activation - immunology
macrophage polarization
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - metabolism
Macrophages - pathology
metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
Organ Specificity - genetics
Organ Specificity - immunology
Phenotype
Signal Transduction
viral hepatitis
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Title Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34970275
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2615921500
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8712501
https://doaj.org/article/f980f814c0fe4241b21e8b4a0c55b178
Volume 12
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