Vaccines for COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Immunogenicity, Current Development, and Future Prospects

The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by severe respiratory syndrome, is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it poses a major threat to public health all over the world. Currently, optimal COVID-19 management involves effective vaccination. Vaccination is known to g...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 843928
Main Authors Zhang, Zhan, Shen, Qi, Chang, Haocai
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 27.04.2022
Subjects
antigen selection
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Humans
Immunology
Pandemics - prevention & control
prevention
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccines
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
SARS-CoV-2
antigen selection
prevention
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Abstract The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by severe respiratory syndrome, is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it poses a major threat to public health all over the world. Currently, optimal COVID-19 management involves effective vaccination. Vaccination is known to greatly enhance immune response against viral infections and reduce public transmission of COVID-19. However, although current vaccines offer some benefits, viral variations and other factors demand the continuous development of vaccines to eliminate this virus from host. Hence, vaccine research and development is crucial and urgent to the elimination of this pandemic. Herein, we summarized the structural and replicatory features of SARS-CoV-2, and focused on vaccine-mediated disease prevention strategies like vaccine antigen selection, vaccine research, and vaccine application. We also evaluated the latest literature on COVID-19 and extensively reviewed action mechanisms, clinical trial (CT) progresses, advantages, as well as disadvantages of various vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, we discussed the current viral treatment, prevention trends, and future prospects.
AbstractList The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by severe respiratory syndrome, is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it poses a major threat to public health all over the world. Currently, optimal COVID-19 management involves effective vaccination. Vaccination is known to greatly enhance immune response against viral infections and reduce public transmission of COVID-19. However, although current vaccines offer some benefits, viral variations and other factors demand the continuous development of vaccines to eliminate this virus from host. Hence, vaccine research and development is crucial and urgent to the elimination of this pandemic. Herein, we summarized the structural and replicatory features of SARS-CoV-2, and focused on vaccine-mediated disease prevention strategies like vaccine antigen selection, vaccine research, and vaccine application. We also evaluated the latest literature on COVID-19 and extensively reviewed action mechanisms, clinical trial (CT) progresses, advantages, as well as disadvantages of various vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, we discussed the current viral treatment, prevention trends, and future prospects.The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by severe respiratory syndrome, is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it poses a major threat to public health all over the world. Currently, optimal COVID-19 management involves effective vaccination. Vaccination is known to greatly enhance immune response against viral infections and reduce public transmission of COVID-19. However, although current vaccines offer some benefits, viral variations and other factors demand the continuous development of vaccines to eliminate this virus from host. Hence, vaccine research and development is crucial and urgent to the elimination of this pandemic. Herein, we summarized the structural and replicatory features of SARS-CoV-2, and focused on vaccine-mediated disease prevention strategies like vaccine antigen selection, vaccine research, and vaccine application. We also evaluated the latest literature on COVID-19 and extensively reviewed action mechanisms, clinical trial (CT) progresses, advantages, as well as disadvantages of various vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, we discussed the current viral treatment, prevention trends, and future prospects.
The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by severe respiratory syndrome, is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it poses a major threat to public health all over the world. Currently, optimal COVID-19 management involves effective vaccination. Vaccination is known to greatly enhance immune response against viral infections and reduce public transmission of COVID-19. However, although current vaccines offer some benefits, viral variations and other factors demand the continuous development of vaccines to eliminate this virus from host. Hence, vaccine research and development is crucial and urgent to the elimination of this pandemic. Herein, we summarized the structural and replicatory features of SARS-CoV-2, and focused on vaccine-mediated disease prevention strategies like vaccine antigen selection, vaccine research, and vaccine application. We also evaluated the latest literature on COVID-19 and extensively reviewed action mechanisms, clinical trial (CT) progresses, advantages, as well as disadvantages of various vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, we discussed the current viral treatment, prevention trends, and future prospects.
Author Chang, Haocai
Zhang, Zhan
Shen, Qi
AuthorAffiliation 1 Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
– name: 1 Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
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Keywords COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
SARS-CoV-2
antigen selection
prevention
Language English
License Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Shen and Chang.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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Reviewed by: Bernard Vanhove, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Qunying Mao, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, China
Edited by: Cornelis Joseph Melief, Leiden University, Netherlands
These authors have contributed equally to this work
This article was submitted to Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
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Snippet The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by severe respiratory syndrome, is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it poses a major...
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SubjectTerms antigen selection
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Humans
Immunology
Pandemics - prevention & control
prevention
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccines
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Title Vaccines for COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Immunogenicity, Current Development, and Future Prospects
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