The Relationship Between Self-Control and Internet Addiction Among Students: A Meta-Analysis

As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or ye...

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Published inFrontiers in psychology Vol. 12; p. 735755
Main Authors Li, Shiqi, Ren, Ping, Chiu, Ming Ming, Wang, Chenxin, Lei, Hao
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 24.11.2021
Subjects
internet addiction
meta-analysis
moderator analysis
Psychology
self-control
students
meta-analysis
self-control
students
moderator analysis
internet addiction
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Abstract As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients r with Fisher’s z -transformation and tested for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive link between impulsivity and Internet addiction ( r = 0.371, 95% CI = [0.311, 0.427]) and a negative link between restraint and Internet addiction ( r = −0.362, 95% CI = [−0.414, −0.307]). The moderation analysis indicated that the correlation between impulsivity indicators and greater Internet addiction was stronger among undergraduates (18–22 years old) than among adolescents (10–17 years old). Furthermore, the negative link between a restraint indicator and Internet addiction was greater (a) among students in East Asia than those in Western Europe/North America, (b) among males than females and (c) when using the Internet addiction measures GPIUS or IAT rather than CIAS. Hence, these results indicate a negative link between self-control and Internet addiction, and this link is moderated by age, culture, gender, and Internet addiction measure.
AbstractList As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients r with Fisher’s z-transformation and tested for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive link between impulsivity and Internet addiction (r = 0.371, 95% CI = [0.311, 0.427]) and a negative link between restraint and Internet addiction (r = −0.362, 95% CI = [−0.414, −0.307]). The moderation analysis indicated that the correlation between impulsivity indicators and greater Internet addiction was stronger among undergraduates (18–22 years old) than among adolescents (10–17 years old). Furthermore, the negative link between a restraint indicator and Internet addiction was greater (a) among students in East Asia than those in Western Europe/North America, (b) among males than females and (c) when using the Internet addiction measures GPIUS or IAT rather than CIAS. Hence, these results indicate a negative link between self-control and Internet addiction, and this link is moderated by age, culture, gender, and Internet addiction measure.
As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients r with Fisher’s z -transformation and tested for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive link between impulsivity and Internet addiction ( r = 0.371, 95% CI = [0.311, 0.427]) and a negative link between restraint and Internet addiction ( r = −0.362, 95% CI = [−0.414, −0.307]). The moderation analysis indicated that the correlation between impulsivity indicators and greater Internet addiction was stronger among undergraduates (18–22 years old) than among adolescents (10–17 years old). Furthermore, the negative link between a restraint indicator and Internet addiction was greater (a) among students in East Asia than those in Western Europe/North America, (b) among males than females and (c) when using the Internet addiction measures GPIUS or IAT rather than CIAS. Hence, these results indicate a negative link between self-control and Internet addiction, and this link is moderated by age, culture, gender, and Internet addiction measure.
As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients with Fisher's -transformation and tested for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive link between impulsivity and Internet addiction ( = 0.371, 95% CI = [0.311, 0.427]) and a negative link between restraint and Internet addiction ( = -0.362, 95% CI = [-0.414, -0.307]). The moderation analysis indicated that the correlation between impulsivity indicators and greater Internet addiction was stronger among undergraduates (18-22 years old) than among adolescents (10-17 years old). Furthermore, the negative link between a restraint indicator and Internet addiction was greater (a) among students in East Asia than those in Western Europe/North America, (b) among males than females and (c) when using the Internet addiction measures GPIUS or IAT rather than CIAS. Hence, these results indicate a negative link between self-control and Internet addiction, and this link is moderated by age, culture, gender, and Internet addiction measure.
As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients r with Fisher's z-transformation and tested for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive link between impulsivity and Internet addiction (r = 0.371, 95% CI = [0.311, 0.427]) and a negative link between restraint and Internet addiction (r = -0.362, 95% CI = [-0.414, -0.307]). The moderation analysis indicated that the correlation between impulsivity indicators and greater Internet addiction was stronger among undergraduates (18-22 years old) than among adolescents (10-17 years old). Furthermore, the negative link between a restraint indicator and Internet addiction was greater (a) among students in East Asia than those in Western Europe/North America, (b) among males than females and (c) when using the Internet addiction measures GPIUS or IAT rather than CIAS. Hence, these results indicate a negative link between self-control and Internet addiction, and this link is moderated by age, culture, gender, and Internet addiction measure.As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients r with Fisher's z-transformation and tested for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive link between impulsivity and Internet addiction (r = 0.371, 95% CI = [0.311, 0.427]) and a negative link between restraint and Internet addiction (r = -0.362, 95% CI = [-0.414, -0.307]). The moderation analysis indicated that the correlation between impulsivity indicators and greater Internet addiction was stronger among undergraduates (18-22 years old) than among adolescents (10-17 years old). Furthermore, the negative link between a restraint indicator and Internet addiction was greater (a) among students in East Asia than those in Western Europe/North America, (b) among males than females and (c) when using the Internet addiction measures GPIUS or IAT rather than CIAS. Hence, these results indicate a negative link between self-control and Internet addiction, and this link is moderated by age, culture, gender, and Internet addiction measure.
Author Chiu, Ming Ming
Ren, Ping
Wang, Chenxin
Lei, Hao
Li, Shiqi
AuthorAffiliation 1 Graduate School of Education, Peking University , Beijing , China
3 Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po , Hong Kong SAR , China
4 Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
2 School of Education, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou , China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 1 Graduate School of Education, Peking University , Beijing , China
– name: 4 Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University , Shanghai , China
– name: 2 School of Education, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou , China
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Shiqi
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Shiqi
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Ping
  surname: Ren
  fullname: Ren, Ping
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ming Ming
  surname: Chiu
  fullname: Chiu, Ming Ming
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Chenxin
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Chenxin
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Hao
  surname: Lei
  fullname: Lei, Hao
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Keywords meta-analysis
self-control
students
moderator analysis
internet addiction
Language English
License Copyright © 2021 Li, Ren, Chiu, Wang and Lei.
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This article was submitted to Personality and Social Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology
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Snippet As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined...
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StartPage 735755
SubjectTerms internet addiction
meta-analysis
moderator analysis
Psychology
self-control
students
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Title The Relationship Between Self-Control and Internet Addiction Among Students: A Meta-Analysis
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