Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus
The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant’s internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the g...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 112; no. 2; pp. 548 - 553 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
13.01.2015
National Acad Sciences |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant’s internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010–2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential. |
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| AbstractList | The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 avian influenza reassortant in China raises a pandemic concern. However, it is not fully understood how these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that a “fittest” genotype (G57) emerged with changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens and caused widespread outbreaks before the H7N9 virus emergence, increasing reassortment between H9N2 and other subtype viruses and finally providing all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential.
The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant’s internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010–2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential. The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant’s internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010–2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential. The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant's internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010-2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential.The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant's internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010-2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential. |
| Author | Webster, Robert G. Wang, Dongdong Zhang, Hui Bao, Jinnan Wang, Shuoguo Sun, Yipeng Du, Qian Wen, Chu Sun, Meng Liu, Jinhua Jiao, Yuannian Zhao, Jixun Wu, Gang Zhang, Guozhong Pu, Juan Lemmon, Gordon Wang, Jinliang Wei, Yandi Sun, Honglei Duan, Susu Carter, Robert A. Zhu, Baoli Wang, Qian Wang, Min Yin, Yanbo Xu, Guanlong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Juan surname: Pu fullname: Pu, Juan organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 – sequence: 2 givenname: Shuoguo surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Shuoguo organization: Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 – sequence: 3 givenname: Yanbo surname: Yin fullname: Yin, Yanbo organization: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Guozhong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Guozhong organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Robert A. surname: Carter fullname: Carter, Robert A. organization: Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 – sequence: 6 givenname: Jinliang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jinliang organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Guanlong surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Guanlong organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Honglei surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Honglei organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Min surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Min organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Chu surname: Wen fullname: Wen, Chu organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Yandi surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Yandi organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 12 givenname: Dongdong surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Dongdong organization: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China – sequence: 13 givenname: Baoli surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Baoli organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China – sequence: 14 givenname: Gordon surname: Lemmon fullname: Lemmon, Gordon organization: Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 – sequence: 15 givenname: Yuannian surname: Jiao fullname: Jiao, Yuannian organization: Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 – sequence: 16 givenname: Susu surname: Duan fullname: Duan, Susu organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 – sequence: 17 givenname: Qian surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Qian organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 18 givenname: Qian surname: Du fullname: Du, Qian organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 19 givenname: Meng surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Meng organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 20 givenname: Jinnan surname: Bao fullname: Bao, Jinnan organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 21 givenname: Yipeng surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Yipeng organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 22 givenname: Jixun surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Jixun organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 23 givenname: Hui surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Hui organization: Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 – sequence: 24 givenname: Gang surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Gang organization: Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 – sequence: 25 givenname: Jinhua surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Jinhua organization: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 26 givenname: Robert G. surname: Webster fullname: Webster, Robert G. organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25548189$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Volumes 1–89 and 106–112, copyright as a collective work only; author(s) retains copyright to individual articles Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jan 13, 2015 |
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| Notes | SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 1J.P., S.W., and Y.Y. contributed equally to this work. Author contributions: J.P., G.Z., J.Z., and J.L. designed research; J.P., Y.Y., G.Z., J.W., G.X., H.S., M.W., C.W., Y.W., D.W., B.Z., Y.J., Q.W., Q.D., M.S., and J.B. performed research; J.P., S.W., G.Z., R.A.C., J.W., M.W., G.L., Y.S., J.Z., H.Z., G.W., J.L., and R.G.W. analyzed data; and J.P., S.D., G.W., J.L., and R.G.W. wrote the paper. Contributed by Robert G. Webster, November 26, 2014 (sent for review October 22, 2014) |
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| Snippet | The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel... The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 avian influenza reassortant in China raises a pandemic concern. However, it is not fully understood how... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adaptability Animals Antigenic Variation - genetics Antigens, Viral - genetics avian influenza Biological Sciences Chickens Chickens - virology China China - epidemiology Evolution Evolution, Molecular farms genes Genes, Viral Genetic Drift Genotype Genotype & phenotype Genotypes Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - immunology human diseases Humans Influenza Influenza A virus Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype - immunology Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype - pathogenicity Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - immunology Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - pathogenicity Influenza in Birds - epidemiology Influenza in Birds - virology Influenza virus Influenza, Human - epidemiology Influenza, Human - virology pandemic Pandemics Phylogeny Poultry Reassortant Viruses - genetics Reassortant Viruses - immunology Reassortant Viruses - pathogenicity Retrospective Studies viruses |
| Title | Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus |
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